Reforms

Women, Business and the Law tracks legal and regulatory changes for each of its eight indicators. A reform is considered any change in laws or regulations that results in an improvement of score from 0 to 1 in any of an indicator’s sub-questions.

Reforms published in the Women, Business and the Law 2023 report took place over the period from October 2, 2021 to October 1, 2022. Eighteen economies from all regions and income groups made the economic empowerment of women a priority by implementing reforms facilitating women's entrepreneurship and entry into the workforce. Over the same period, two economies implemented changes widening the legal gender gap.

Economies have implemented over 1600 reforms across all Women, Business and the Law indicators since 1971. Explore the reforms in the table below, or download the reform database here.

Type in the search bar to filter by economy, region, indicator, year or reform description.

Economy	Region	Indicator	Report Year	Name of the Law	Date of Enactement	Date of Entry Into Force	Type of Reform	Reform Description
Afghanistan	South Asia	Parenthood	1989	Labour Code of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan	06/11/1987	06/11/1987	Positive	Afghanistan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Afghanistan	South Asia	Pension	1989	Labour Code of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan	06/11/1987	06/11/1987	Negative	Afghanistan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Afghanistan	South Asia	Parenthood	2000	Labour Law of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan	01/11/1999	01/11/1999	Negative	Afghanistan no longer prohibits the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Afghanistan	South Asia	Pension	2000	Labor Code	01/11/1999	01/11/1999	Positive	Afghanistan equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Afghanistan	South Asia	Parenthood	2008	Labor Code	02/04/2007	02/04/2007	Positive	Afghanistan introduced paid paternity leave.
Afghanistan	South Asia	Mobility	2017	Passport Law	10/25/2015	10/25/2015	Positive	Afghanistan enacted a new Passport Law which no longer requires a married woman to bring a guardian or written consent of her husband when applying for a passport.
Afghanistan	South Asia	Workplace	2017	Regulations Prohibiting the Harassment of Women	10/03/2015	11/07/2015	Positive	Afghanistan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment and also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Afghanistan	South Asia	Mobility	2023	Executive Decree on Women's Rights	12/03/2021	12/03/2021	Negative	The interim Taliban administration in Afghanistan restricted women’s right to travel outside the country in the same way as men.
Afghanistan	South Asia	Workplace	2023	Executive Decree on Women's Rights	12/03/2021	12/03/2021	Negative	The interim Taliban administration in Afghanistan restricted women’s right to get a job in the same way as men.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1994	On Social Insurance in the Republic of Albania	05/11/1993	06/11/1993	Positive	Albania increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1994	On Social Insurance in the Republic of Albania	05/11/1993	06/11/1993	Positive	Albania explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2005	Labor Code of Albania - Law No. 7961 of 12 July 1995	07/29/2003	07/29/2003	Positive	Albania prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1997	Labor Code of Albania - Law No. 7961 of 12 July 1995	07/07/1995	07/27/1995	Positive	Albania no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	1997	Labor Code of Albania - Law No. 7961 of 12 July 1995	07/12/1995	07/27/1995	Positive	Albania prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	2008	Law No. 9669 of 18.12.2006 "On Measures against Violence in Family Relations"	12/18/2006	06/01/2007	Positive	Albania enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Entrepreneurship	2011	Law on Protection from Discrimination	02/04/2010	03/12/2010	Positive	Albania introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2017	Labor Code of Albania - Law No. 7961 of 12 July 1995	12/05/2015	12/05/2015	Positive	Albania introduced paid paternity leave.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2017	Labor Code of Albania - Law No. 7961 of 12 July 1995	12/05/2015	12/05/2015	Positive	Albania mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Parenthood	1976	Act No. 83-11 of 2 July 1983 on social insurance	04/29/1975	05/16/1975	Positive	Algeria began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Pension	1984	Law No. 83-12 of 2 July 1983 relating to retirement	07/02/1983	01/01/1984	Positive	Algeria introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. The new system set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Parenthood	1985	Act No. 83-11 of 2 July 1983 on social insurance	07/02/1983	07/02/1983	Positive	Algeria increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Parenthood	1991	Act No. 90-11 of 21 April 1990 on Labor relations	04/21/1990	04/21/1990	Positive	Algeria introduced paid paternity leave.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Pay	1991	Act No. 90-11 of 21 April 1990 on Labor relations	04/21/1990	04/21/1990	Positive	Algeria mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Pension	1998	Ordinance No. 97-13 of 31 May 1997 amending and supplementing Act No. 83-12 of 2 July 1983 on pensions	05/31/1997	05/31/1997	Negative	Algeria set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Marriage	2006	Ordinance n ° 05-02 of February 27, 2005 amending and supplementing Law n ° 84-11 of June 9, 1984 on the family code	02/27/2005	02/27/2005	Positive	Algeria allowed women to be head of household. It no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Mobility	2006	Ordinance n ° 05-02 of February 27, 2005 amending and supplementing Law n ° 84-11 of June 9, 1984 on the family code	02/27/2005	02/27/2005	Positive	Algeria reformed its Family Code allowing a woman to leave the marital home without her husband's permission.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Workplace	2006	Law No. 04-15 of November 10, 2004 Amending and Supplementing Ordinance No. 66-156 of June 8, 1966 on the Penal Code	11/10/2004	11/10/2004	Positive	Algeria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Marriage	2017	Act No. 15-19 of 30 December 2015 Amending and Supplementing Ordinance No. 66-156 of 8 June 1966 on the Criminal Code	12/30/2015	12/30/2015	Positive	Algeria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1983	General Labour Law - Law 6/81 of 24 August	11/11/1981	08/24/1981	Positive	Angola prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	1989	Law No. 1/88 - Family Code	02/20/1988	02/20/1988	Positive	Angola granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	1989	Law No. 1/88 - Family Code	02/20/1988	02/20/1988	Positive	Angola introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	1989	Law No. 1/88 - Family Code	02/20/1988	02/20/1988	Positive	Angola allowed women to be head of household. It also gave women the same rights to remarry as men.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Mobility	1989	Law No. 1/88 - Family Code	02/20/1988	02/20/1988	Positive	Angola introduced new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1989	Law No. 1/88 - Family Code	02/20/1988	02/20/1988	Positive	Angola allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	2001	General Labour Law No. 2/00 of 11 February 2000	02/11/2000	02/11/2000	Positive	Angola mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2001	General Labour Law No. 2/00 of 11 February 2000	02/11/2000	04/11/2000	Positive	Angola prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	2012	Presidential Decree No. 08/11	07/01/2011	07/01/2011	Positive	Angola began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	2013	Notice N 12-2016 Protection of consumers of financial products and services	06/01/2011	06/01/2011	Positive	Angola made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2013	Law No. 25/11 - Against Domestic Violence	06/21/2011	07/14/2011	Positive	Angola enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	2017	Law No. 7/15 - General Labor Law	06/15/2015	06/15/2015	Positive	Angola introduced paid paternity leave.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2022	The Angolan Criminal Code	11/11/2020	02/11/2021	Positive	Angola enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Antigua and Barbuda	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1974	The Social Security Act Cap. 408	07/11/1972	07/11/1972	Positive	Antigua and Barbuda introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Antigua and Barbuda	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1977	Antigua and Barbuda Labor Code (No. 14 of 1975) (Cap. 27)	09/19/1975	09/19/1975	Positive	Antigua and Barbuda prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Antigua and Barbuda	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1998	Divorce Act	03/11/1997	05/01/1997	Positive	Antigua and Barbuda allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as a man.
Antigua and Barbuda	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2000	Domestic Violence Act 2015 (No. 27 of 2015)	02/18/1999	02/25/1999	Positive	Antigua and Barbuda enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1976	Law No. 20.744 - Law on Employment Contracts	09/11/1974	09/27/1974	Positive	Argentina prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1976	Law No. 20.744 - Law on Employment Contracts	09/11/1974	09/20/1974	Negative	Argentina set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	1977	Law No. 20.744 - Law on Employment Contracts	03/13/1976	03/13/1976	Positive	Argentina mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1977	Law No. 27440 on Promoting SMEs	05/13/1976	05/13/1976	Positive	Argentina prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1989	Civil and Commercial Code	06/03/1987	06/08/1987	Positive	Argentina legalized divorce, equally granting the right to both spouses. There is no waiting period before remarriage for either spouse.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1989	The Civil Code of 1869	06/03/1987	06/08/1987	Positive	Argentina reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1989	Law No. 23. 515 of 1987 amended Civil Code	06/08/1987	06/12/1987	Positive	Argentina allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	1993	Law No. 24.013 Labor Law	11/13/1991	12/05/1991	Positive	Argentina lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1996	Law No. 24.417 - Law on the Protection Against Family Violence	12/07/1994	12/28/1994	Positive	Argentina enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	2005	The Civil Code of 1869	10/01/2003	11/12/2003	Positive	Argentina amended its civil code, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2010	Law No. 26.485 - Law on the Integral Protection of Women	03/11/2009	04/01/2009	Positive	Argentina enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	2019	Law 27246, Retirement Mobility Index. Assets. Faculties	12/28/2017	12/28/2017	Positive	Argentina equalized the mandatory retirement age (70 years) for women and men.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	2022	Integrated Retirement and Pension System Decree 475/2021	07/17/2021	07/19/2021	Positive	Argentina explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Entrepreneurship	1989	Law No. 23.515 of 1987 amending the Civil Code	06/03/1987	06/08/1987	Positive	Argentina enacted a Civil Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1972	Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia	06/16/1972	10/01/1972	Negative	Armenia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1972	Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia	07/15/1970	01/01/1971	Positive	Armenia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	1974	Labor Code	06/16/1972	10/01/1972	Positive	Armenia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1997	Law on State Pensions	12/06/1995	12/06/1995	Positive	Armenia no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	2004	Law on State Pensions	11/19/2002	01/01/2003	Positive	Armenia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2006	Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia	11/09/2004	06/21/2005	Positive	Armenia eliminated all restrictions on women's employment and lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2006	Labor Code	11/09/2004	06/21/2005	Positive	Armenia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2007	Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia	10/24/2005	01/01/2006	Positive	Armenia introduced paid parental leave.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	2012	Law on State Pensions	12/22/2010	01/01/2011	Positive	Armenia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2012	The Republic of Armenia Law HO-117 on Changes and Additions to the Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia	06/24/2010	08/07/2010	Negative	Armenia abrogated legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	2019	Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence, Protection of Victims of Domestic Violence and Restoration of Solidarity in the Family	12/30/2017	01/31/2018	Positive	Armenia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2022	Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia	09/16/2020	01/01/2021	Positive	Armenia introduced paid paternity leave.
Australia	High income: OECD	Assets	1977	Family Law Act 1975	06/12/1975	01/06/1976	Positive	Australia recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Australia	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	1978	Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 No 48	04/28/1977	08/01/1984	Positive	Australia made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Australia	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1982	Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 No 48	04/22/1981	04/22/1981	Positive	Australia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Australia	High income: OECD	Mobility	1983	Domicile Act 1982	03/04/1982	07/01/1982	Positive	Australia reformed its Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Australia	High income: OECD	Mobility	1984	Australian Passports Act 2005	01/13/1983	01/13/1983	Positive	Australia introduced new legal amendments which no longer requires a married woman her husband's permission when applying for a passport.
Australia	High income: OECD	Workplace	1985	Sex Discrimination Act 1984	03/21/1984	03/21/1984	Positive	Australia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Australia	High income: OECD	Pay	1998	Workplace Relations Act 1996	11/25/1996	11/25/1996	Positive	Australia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Australia	High income: OECD	Workplace	1998	Anti-Discrimination Amendment Act 1997	05/20/1997	09/04/1997	Positive	Australia enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Australia	High income: OECD	Marriage	2010	Crimes (Domestic and Personal Violence) Act 2007 No 80	12/07/2007	03/10/2008	Positive	Australia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Australia	High income: OECD	Parenthood	2012	Paid Parental Leave Act 2010	07/14/2010	10/01/2010	Positive	Australia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks and its federal government began administering parental leave benefits. It also introduced paid parental leave.
Australia	High income: OECD	Parenthood	2014	Paid Parental Leave and Other Legislation Amendment (Dad and Partner Pay and Other Measures) Act 2012	07/22/2012	07/22/2012	Positive	Australia introduced paid paternity leave.
Australia	High income: OECD	Pension	2016	Social Security Act 1991	04/23/1991	07/01/2014	Positive	Australia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.
Austria	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1975	Maternity Leave Act of 1973	04/01/1974	04/01/1974	Positive	Austria increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Austria	High income: OECD	Marriage	1977	General civil code for the entire German inheritance of the Austrian monarchy	07/01/1975	07/01/1975	Positive	Austria allowed women to be head of household. Austria no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Austria	High income: OECD	Mobility	1977	General civil code for the entire German inheritance of the Austrian monarchy	07/01/1975	07/31/1975	Positive	Austria reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Austria	High income: OECD	Assets	1980	Law to standardize the right of marriage and divorce in the country of Austria and in the rest of the Reich. 6 July 1938.; Civil Code	06/15/1978	06/15/1978	Positive	Austria granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. Austria also recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Austria	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1980	Maternity Protection Act 1979	05/31/1979	05/31/1979	Positive	Austria prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Austria	High income: OECD	Pay	1980	Federal Act on Equal Treatment	02/23/1979	03/15/1979	Positive	Austria mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Austria	High income: OECD	Workplace	1980	Federal Equal Treatment Act	02/23/1979	03/15/1979	Positive	Austria prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Austria	High income: OECD	Marriage	1985	Law to standardize the right of marriage and divorce in the country of Austria and in the rest of the Reich. 6 July 1938.	11/11/1983	11/11/1983	Positive	Austria gave women the same rights to remarry as men.
Austria	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1992	Paid Parental Leave Act 2010	06/27/1990	07/13/1990	Positive	Austria introduced paid parental leave.
Austria	High income: OECD	Pension	1994	Federal Constitutional Law on Different Age Limits of Male and Female Social Insurance	02/01/1993	03/02/1993	Negative	Austria set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Austria	High income: OECD	Workplace	1994	Federal Equal Treatment Act	02/12/1993	03/01/1993	Positive	Austria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Austria	High income: OECD	Marriage	1998	Federal Law on protection against violence in the family - GeSchG	12/30/1996	12/30/1996	Positive	Austria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Austria	High income: OECD	Pay	2004	Federal Act No. 122/2002	08/01/2002	08/01/2002	Positive	Austria lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Austria	High income: OECD	Pension	2006	Federal Act of 9 September 1955 on General Social Insurance	12/15/2004	01/01/2005	Positive	Austria explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Austria	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	2010	Federal Act on Equal Treatment	07/02/2008	07/02/2008	Positive	Austria's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Austria	High income: OECD	Pay	2010	Ordinance of the Federal Minister of Economics and Labor on Employment bans and restrictions for women workers	07/31/2008	07/31/2008	Positive	Austria eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.
Austria	High income: OECD	Pension	2015	Federal Act of 9 September 1955 on General Social Insurance	08/20/2003	06/01/2014	Positive	Austria no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Austria	High income: OECD	Parenthood	2021	Father's Leave Act	07/01/2019	12/01/2019	Positive	Austria introduced 30 days of paid paternity leave.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1972	Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor	07/15/1970	01/01/1971	Positive	Azerbaijan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1972	Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor	07/15/1970	07/15/1970	Negative	Azerbaijan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1973	Labor Code of the Azerbaijan Republic	12/10/1971	06/01/1972	Positive	Azerbaijan no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	1973	Labor Code of the Azerbaijan Republic	12/10/1971	06/01/1972	Positive	Azerbaijan prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1994	Law Of Azerbaijan Republic On Citizens' Provision Of Pensions	09/23/1992	01/01/1993	Positive	Azerbaijan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2001	Labor Code of the Azerbaijan Republic	02/01/1999	07/01/1999	Positive	Azerbaijan introduced paid parental leave.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Entrepreneurship	2008	Social Benefits Law	10/10/2006	10/10/2006	Positive	Azerbaijan introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2008	Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Guarantees of Gender (Men and Women) Equality	10/10/2006	10/10/2006	Positive	Azerbaijan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	2012	The Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Prevention of Domestic Violence	06/22/2010	06/22/2010	Positive	Azerbaijan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1973	National Insurance Act	12/12/1971	12/12/1971	Positive	The Bahamas introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	1984	Matrimonial Causes Act, Ch. 125	01/01/1983	01/01/1983	Positive	The Bahamas amended the Matrimonial Causes Act to recognize the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1986	National Insurance (Benefits and Assistance) Regulations	06/06/1984	10/01/1984	Positive	The Bahamas explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1989	Employment Act, Ch. 321A	03/29/1988	03/29/1988	Positive	The Bahamas prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1993	Domestic Violence (Protection Orders) Act	07/29/1991	08/02/1991	Positive	The Bahamas enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1993	Sexual Offences Act	07/29/1991	08/02/1991	Positive	The Bahamas enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	2003	Inheritance Act (No. 3 of 2002)	01/31/2002	02/01/2002	Positive	The Bahamas equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2003	Employment Act, Ch. 321A	12/31/2001	12/31/2001	Positive	The Bahamas prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Parenthood	1978	Amiri Decree-Law No. 23 of 1976	06/01/1976	08/15/1976	Positive	Bahrain prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Pension	1978	The Decree-Law promulgating the Law on Social Insurance	06/29/1976	08/15/1976	Positive	Bahrain introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Parenthood	1995	Labour Law for the Private Sector	10/04/1993	10/04/1993	Positive	Bahrain introduced paid paternity leave.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Mobility	2007	Law No. 21 of 2015, amending Passport Law No. 11 of 1975	07/13/2005	07/14/2005	Positive	Bahrain amended its Passport Law which no longer requires a married woman her husband's consent when applying for a passport.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Workplace	2014	Law No. 36 of 2012 The promulgation of the Labor Law in the private sector	07/26/2012	07/26/2012	Positive	Bahrain prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Marriage	2017	Law No. 17 of 2015 on Protection from Domestic Violence	05/08/2015	08/13/2015	Positive	Bahrain enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Marriage	2019	Family Law No. 19 of 2017	07/19/2017	08/01/2017	Positive	Bahrain began allowing women to be head of household.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Workplace	2020	Decree Law No. 59 of 2018 amending some provisions of Labor Code No. 36 of 2012	11/02/2018	11/29/2018	Positive	Bahrain enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Entrepreneurship	2021	Central Bank of Bahrain's Directive No. OG/293/2020	08/26/2020	08/26/2020	Positive	Bahrain made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Pay	2021	Ministerial Order No. 32 of 2013	10/18/2019	10/18/2019	Positive	Bahrain eliminated restrictions on women's employment in arduous jobs.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Pension	2021	Social Insurance Organization Decision No. (1) of 2020	08/27/2020	08/29/2020	Positive	Bahrain explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Pay	2022	Law No. 36 of 2012 The promulgation of the Labor Law in the private sector	08/05/2021	08/06/2021	Positive	Bahrain mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night. It also repealed provisions giving the relevant authority the power to prohibit or restrict women from working in certain jobs or industries.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Pension	2023	Law No. 14 of 2022 amending the some provisions of the Social Security Law issued by Decree Law No. 24 of 1976	04/18/2022	05/24/2022	Positive	Bahrain equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.
Bangladesh	South Asia	Mobility	1974	Bangladesh Passport Order of 1973	02/08/1973	02/08/1973	Positive	Bangladesh introduced new legislation which no longer requires a married woman her husband's information when applying for a passport.
Bangladesh	South Asia	Parenthood	2008	Labor Act	10/11/2006	10/11/2006	Positive	Bangladesh increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Bangladesh	South Asia	Pay	2008	Labor Act	10/11/2006	10/11/2006	Positive	Bangladesh lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Bangladesh	South Asia	Workplace	2010	Supreme Court of Bangladesh, BNWLA v. Government of Bangladesh, 14 May 2009, Petition No. 5916 of 2008	05/14/2009	05/14/2009	Positive	Bangladesh enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Bangladesh	South Asia	Marriage	2012	Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act, 2010	10/11/2010	10/12/2010	Positive	Bangladesh enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Barbados	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1978	Employment of Women (Maternity Leave) Act, Chapter 345A	07/19/1976	07/19/1976	Positive	Barbados prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Barbados	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1981	Domicile Reform Act, Cap. 213	01/01/1980	01/01/1980	Positive	Barbados introduced the Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Barbados	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	1983	Family Law (Amendment) Act	02/01/1982	02/01/1982	Positive	Barbados' new Family Law Act explicitly recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Barbados	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1993	Domestic Violence (Protection Orders) Act, Cap. 130A	02/13/1992	02/13/1992	Positive	Barbados enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Barbados	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2019	Employment Sexual Harassment (Prevention) Act, 2017	10/27/2017	12/15/2017	Positive	Barbados enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Barbados	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2021	Employment (Prevention of Discrimination) Act	08/05/2020	08/05/2020	Positive	Barbados prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1972	Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus	07/15/1970	07/15/1970	Negative	Belarus set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1972	Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus	07/15/1971	01/01/1971	Positive	Belarus prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	1974	Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus dated 06/23/1972	06/23/1972	06/23/1972	Positive	Belarus prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1993	Law on Pensions	04/17/1992	01/01/1993	Positive	Belarus explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1995	Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus	12/15/1992	01/15/1993	Positive	Belarus introduced paid parental leave.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	1996	Constitution of the Republic of Belarus	03/15/1994	03/30/1994	Positive	Belarus mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1996	Constitution of the Republic of Belarus	11/11/1994	11/11/1994	Positive	Belarus no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2001	Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus	07/26/1999	01/01/2000	Positive	Belarus lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	2015	Law on Basic Activities Aimed at Offence Prevention	01/04/2014	04/16/2014	Positive	Belarus enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Marriage	1973	Civil Code	05/15/1972	05/15/1972	Positive	Belgium abolished a waiting period for remarriage, giving women the same rights to remarry as men.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Assets	1978	Civil Code	07/14/1976	07/14/1976	Positive	Belgium granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	1978	Civil Code	07/14/1976	07/14/1976	Positive	Belgium amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Mobility	1978	Civil Code	07/14/1976	07/14/1976	Positive	Belgium introduced legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Workplace	1978	Civil Code	07/04/1976	07/04/1976	Positive	Belgium allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1996	Royal Decree implementing Articles 15, 16 and 17 of the Law of 26 July 1996 on the modernisation of social security and ensuring the viability of statutory pension schemes.	04/03/1995	05/10/1995	Positive	Belgium prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Pension	1998	Labor Law	12/23/1996	12/23/1996	Positive	Belgium equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1999	Royal Decree on the introduction of a right to parental leave in the context of a career break	10/29/1997	10/29/1997	Positive	Belgium introduced paid parental leave.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Workplace	2000	Law on equal treatment between men and women with regard to working conditions, access to employment and opportunities for promotion, access to a self-employed profession and supplementary social security schemes	05/07/1999	06/19/1999	Positive	Belgium prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Marriage	2004	Act on the allocation of family housing to a spouse or legal cohabitant who is a victim of physical violence by his or her partner, supplementing article 410 of the Criminal Code.	01/28/2003	02/12/2003	Positive	Belgium enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Workplace	2004	Law on the Welfare of Workers during the Performance of Their Work	06/11/2002	07/01/2002	Positive	Belgium enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	2008	Law against the discrimination between men and women 10 May 2007	05/10/2007	05/10/2007	Positive	Belgium introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Pay	2010	Collective Labor Agreement No. 25 of 15 October 1975 on equal pay for men and women, as amended by the collective Labor agreement No. 25 Bis of 19 December 2001 and No. 25 Ter of 9 July 2008	07/09/2008	07/09/2008	Positive	Belgium mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value
Belgium	High income: OECD	Pension	2010	Collective Labor Agreement No. 25 of 15 October 1975 on equal pay for men and women, as amended by the collective Labor agreement No. 25 Bis of 19 December 2001 and No. 25 Ter of 9 July 2008	07/09/2008	07/09/2008	Positive	Belgium equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Pay	2012	Law Related to Various Dispositions	04/28/2010	05/10/2010	Positive	Belgium eliminated restrictions on women's employment in mining. It also allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1981	Social Security Act	10/04/1979	10/04/1979	Positive	Belize began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1982	Social Security Act	12/15/1980	06/01/1981	Positive	Belize introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1994	Domestic Violence Act	12/23/1992	03/01/1993	Positive	Belize enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1998	Protection Against Sexual Harassment Act Chapter 107	08/12/1996	10/01/1996	Positive	Belize enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2002	Social Security Act	11/28/2000	01/01/2001	Positive	Belize increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	2003	Supreme Court of Judicature Act	02/23/2001	03/01/2001	Positive	Belize reformed its Supreme Court of Judicature Act to recognize the value of nonmonetary contributions, including "any contribution made in the capacity of housewife, homemaker or parent."
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2013	Labor (Amendment) Act, 2011	04/13/2011	04/13/2011	Positive	Belize prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	1974	Order No. 73-3 of January 17, 1973 establishing and organizing the Beninese Social Security Office.	01/12/1973	01/12/1973	Positive	Benin introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1975	Order No. 74-38 of May 9, 1974, amending Order No. 33 PR/MFPT of September 28, 1967, establishing the Labor Code	05/09/1974	05/09/1974	Positive	Benin prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	1999	Act No. 98-004 of 27 January 1998 on the Labor Code.	01/27/1998	01/27/1998	Positive	Benin mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1999	Act No. 98-004 of 27 January 1998 on the Labor Code.	01/27/1998	01/27/1998	Positive	Benin prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	2004	Law No. 98-019 on the Social Security Code in the Republic of Benin	03/21/2003	03/21/2003	Negative	Benin enacted new legislation that obliges employers to pay a portion of maternity benefits along with the social security system.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	2006	Law No. 2002 - 07 on the Persons and Family Code	08/24/2004	08/24/2004	Positive	Benin's new Family and Personal Code granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. It also equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	2006	Law No. 2002 - 07 on the Persons and Family Code	08/24/2004	08/24/2004	Positive	Benin introduced a Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2006	Law No. 2002 - 07 on the Persons and Family Code	08/24/2004	08/24/2004	Positive	Benin allowed women to be head of household.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2006	Law No. 2002 - 07 on the Persons and Family Code	06/14/2004	06/14/2004	Positive	Benin allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2008	Act No. 2006-19 on the suppression of sexual harassment and the protection of victims in the Republic of Benin	07/17/2006	09/05/2006	Positive	Benin enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2013	Act No. 2011-26 of 9 January 2012 on the prevention and punishment of violence against women	09/27/2011	01/09/2012	Positive	Benin enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Mobility	2021	Circular Note - Procedural Relief	12/08/2019	12/08/2019	Positive	Benin allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	2022	Inter-Ministerial Order 2021-096/MPMEPE/MTFP/MS/DC/SGM/DGT/DSSMST/DPEE/SA/012SGG21 establishing the nature of the work and the categories of businesses forbidden to pregnant women, nursing mothers and young people and the age limit to which the interdiction applies	08/26/2021	08/26/2021	Positive	Benin removed restrictions on women’s employment in construction. Women can now work in industrial jobs in the same way as men.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	2023	Order No. 2349-5 Prohibiting any discrimination based on sex in access to credit from credit institutions, financial institutions of a banking nature and decentralized financial systems	12/21/2021	12/21/2021	Positive	Benin prohibited gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Bhutan	South Asia	Parenthood	2008	Labor and Employment Act 2007	01/04/2007	02/20/2007	Positive	Bhutan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Bhutan	South Asia	Pay	2008	Labor and Employment Act 2007	01/04/2007	02/20/2007	Positive	Bhutan mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Bhutan	South Asia	Workplace	2008	Labor and Employment Act 2007	01/04/2007	02/20/2007	Positive	Bhutan prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Bhutan	South Asia	Parenthood	2011	Acceptable Forms of Child Labour Regulation, 2009	11/11/2009	11/11/2009	Positive	Bhutan introduced paid paternity leave.
Bhutan	South Asia	Marriage	2014	Domestic Violence Prevention Act 2013	01/01/2013	03/18/2013	Positive	Bhutan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	1974	Law No. 603 Family Code	08/23/1972	04/02/1973	Positive	Bolivia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Entrepreneurship	1974	Law No. 603 Family Code	08/23/1972	04/02/1973	Positive	Bolivia enacted a new Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1974	Law No. 603 Family Code	08/23/1972	04/02/1973	Positive	Bolivia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1974	Law No. 603 Family Code	08/23/1972	04/02/1973	Positive	Bolivia enacted a new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way a man.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1974	Family Code of 1972	08/23/1972	04/02/1973	Negative	Bolivia introduced a legal provision that allows a husband to object to his wife's work.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1989	Act No. 975, on employment security for pregnant women, of 2 March 1988	03/02/1988	03/02/1988	Positive	Bolivia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1997	Law No. 1674 Against Family or Domestic Violence	12/15/1995	#N/A	Positive	Bolivia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	2002	Supreme Decree No. 25851 Pensions Law	07/21/2000	07/21/2000	Positive	Bolivia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	2009	Law No. 3791 Universal Old Age Income	11/28/2007	01/01/2008	Positive	Bolivia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	2010	Political Constitution of the Plurinational State of Bolivia	01/25/2009	02/07/2009	Positive	Bolivia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Entrepreneurship	2012	Law No. 045 Against Racism and All Forms of Discrimination	10/08/2010	10/08/2010	Positive	Bolivia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	2012	Law No. 65 Pension Law	12/10/2010	12/10/2010	Negative	Bolivia introduced an old-age pension system that sets unequal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2014	Supreme Decree No. 1212 - Paternity Leave	05/01/2012	05/02/2012	Positive	Bolivia introduced paid paternity leave.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2014	Law No. 348 to Guarantee Women a Life Free from Violence	03/09/2013	03/09/2013	Positive	Bolivia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2016	Law No. 603 Family Code	11/19/2014	08/06/2015	Positive	Bolivia abolished a waiting period for remarriage, giving women the same rights to remarry as men.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	2016	Political Constitution of the Plurinational State of Bolivia	06/10/2014	06/10/2014	Positive	Bolivia lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night and in jobs deemed dangerous.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2016	Law No. 603 Family Code	11/19/2014	#N/A	Positive	Bolivia allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	2000	Law on Pension and Disability Insurance of the Federation of Bosnia and Hertzegovina	07/23/1998	07/31/1998	Positive	Bosnia and Herzegovina equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. It no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2001	Labor Law of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina	10/27/1999	10/27/1999	Positive	Bosnia and Herzegovina introduced paid paternity leave.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2001	Labor Law of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina	10/27/1999	11/04/1999	Positive	Bosnia and Herzegovina prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2004	Law on Gender Equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina	05/21/2003	05/21/2003	Positive	Bosnia and Herzegovina mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2004	Law on Gender Equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina	05/21/2003	06/24/2003	Positive	Bosnia and Herzegovina enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	2006	Law on Protection from Domestic Violence in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina	03/29/2005	04/07/2005	Positive	Bosnia and Herzegovina enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Entrepreneurship	2011	Law on Pension and Disability Insurance of the Federation of Bosnia and Hertzegovina	03/25/2010	03/25/2010	Positive	Bosnia and Herzegovina's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	2017	Law on Pension and Disability Insurance of the Federation of Bosnia and Hertzegovina	01/09/2009	12/31/2015	Positive	Bosnia and Herzegovina no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2018	Labor Law of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina	03/31/2016	04/12/2016	Positive	Bosnia and Herzegovina allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	2019	Law on Pension and Disability Insurance of the Federation of Bosnia and Hertzegovina	02/21/2018	02/21/2018	Negative	Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted a new law that allows women and men to retire with partial benefits at ages 56 and 61 respectively. The ages are set to equalize in 2026.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	1972	Succession (Rights of the Surviving Spouse and Inheritance Family Provisions) Act	12/14/1970	12/14/1970	Positive	Botswana equalized inheritance rights for male and female surviving spouses.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	1994	Employment (Amendment) Act 1992. No. 26.	09/05/1992	10/09/1992	Positive	Botswana lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night and eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	1997	Universal Pension and Orphan Care Act 1996	01/01/1996	01/01/1996	Positive	Botswana introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	2006	Abolition of Marital Power Act	05/01/2005	05/01/2005	Positive	Botswana granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. It also abolished marital power, granting spouses equal administrative authority over assets during the marriage.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	2006	Abolition of Marital Power Act	05/01/2005	05/01/2005	Positive	Botswana abolished its marital power provision allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2006	Abolition of Marital Power Act	05/01/2005	05/01/2005	Positive	Botswana allowed women to be head of household.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Mobility	2006	Abolition of Marital Power Act	05/01/2005	05/01/2005	Positive	Botswana introduced new legislation abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2006	Abolition of Marital Power Act	05/01/2005	05/01/2005	Positive	Botswana allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2009	Domestic Violence Act	04/30/2008	04/30/2008	Positive	Botswana enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1976	Law No. 6.136, of November 7, 1974	11/07/1974	01/09/1975	Positive	Brazil began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1975	Law No. 5.890, of June 8, 1973	06/30/1973	06/30/1973	Negative	Brazil set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1979	Civil Code	12/26/1977	12/27/1977	Positive	Brazil legalized divorce. The process is the same for women and men.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1990	Constitution of the Federal Republic of Brazil	10/08/1988	10/08/1988	Positive	Brazil increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	1991	Law No. 7855 of October of 1989	10/24/1989	10/24/1989	Positive	Brazil allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and ifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1991	Law No. 7855 of October of 1989	10/24/1989	01/11/2003	Positive	Brazil allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	2000	Decree No. 3048/1999 - Social Security Regulation	05/31/1999	05/31/1999	Positive	Brazil explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2000	Decree-Law No. 5452/1943 - Consolidation of Brazilian Labor Laws	05/26/1999	05/26/1999	Positive	Brazil prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2002	Decree-Law No. 2848/1940 - Criminal Code	05/15/2001	05/15/2001	Positive	Brazil enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	2003	Civil Code	01/10/2002	01/12/2003	Positive	Brazil granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Entrepreneurship	2003	Civil Code	01/10/2002	01/12/2003	Positive	Brazil introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to register a business in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2003	Civil Code	01/10/2002	01/12/2003	Positive	Brazil allowed women to be head of household. Brazil gave women the same rights to remarry as men.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	2003	Civil Code	01/10/2002	01/12/2003	Positive	Brazil introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2008	Law No. 11340 - Maria da Penha Law (Domestic Violence)	08/07/2006	09/22/2006	Positive	Brazil enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	2021	Decree No. 10.410/2020, of June 30, 2020	06/30/2020	06/30/2020	Positive	Brazil eliminated the possibility to retire with partial pension benefits. Previously, the ages at which men and women could retire with partial pension benefits were unequal.
Brunei Darussalam	East Asia & Pacific	Pension	1985	Old Age and Disability Pensions Cap 18	01/01/1984	01/01/1984	Positive	Brunei Darussalam explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Brunei Darussalam	East Asia & Pacific	Assets	2001	Islamic Family Law	03/26/2001	03/26/2001	Positive	Brunei Darussalam recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Brunei Darussalam	East Asia & Pacific	Marriage	2001	Married Women Act	07/07/1999	08/01/1999	Positive	Brunei Darussalam enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Brunei Darussalam	East Asia & Pacific	Pay	2011	Employment Order, 2009	09/03/2009	09/03/2009	Positive	Brunei Darussalam eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and at night in industrial undertakings. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	1988	Labor Code	03/24/1986	01/01/1987	Positive	Bulgaria prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2002	Labor Code	03/16/2001	03/31/2001	Positive	Bulgaria introduced paid parental leave.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2002	Labor Code	03/16/2001	03/31/2001	Positive	Bulgaria mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Entrepreneurship	2005	Protection Against Discrimination Act	09/30/2003	01/01/2004	Positive	Bulgaria made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2005	Labor Code	01/08/2004	01/08/2004	Positive	Bulgaria prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2005	Protection Against Discrimination Act	09/30/2003	01/01/2004	Positive	Bulgaria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	2006	Protection Against Domestic Violence Act	03/29/2005	04/01/2005	Positive	Bulgaria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2006	Labor Code	06/18/2004	08/01/2004	Positive	Bulgaria lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2010	Labor Code	12/19/2008	01/01/2009	Positive	Bulgaria introduced paid paternity leave.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	2012	Labor Code	06/08/2010	06/18/2010	Negative	Bulgaria set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2017	Decree RD-07-4 of 15 June 2015	06/15/2015	06/15/2015	Positive	Bulgaria eliminated restrictions on women's employment in certain industries by limiting them to pregnant and nursing women.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	2017	Social Insurance Code	07/28/2015	01/01/2016	Negative	Bulgaria set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	1991	Zatu an VII 13 of 16 November 1989 on the establishment and implementation of a code of persons and the family in Burkina Faso	11/16/1989	08/04/1990	Positive	Burkina Faso granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	1991	Zatu an VII 13 of 16 November 1989 on the establishment and implementation of a code of persons and the family in Burkina Faso	11/16/1989	08/04/1990	Positive	Burkina Faso enacted a Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	1991	Zatu an VII 13 of 16 November 1989 on the establishment and implementation of a code of persons and the family in Burkina Faso	11/16/1989	08/04/1990	Positive	Burkina Faso allowed women to be head of household.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1991	Zatu an VII 13 of 16 November 1989 on the establishment and implementation of a code of persons and the family in Burkina Faso	11/16/1989	08/04/1990	Positive	Burkina Faso allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1994	Law no. 11-92 Labour Code	12/22/1992	01/07/1993	Positive	Burkina Faso prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	1994	Law no. 11-92 Labour Code	12/22/1992	01/07/1993	Positive	Burkina Faso lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1994	Law no. 11-92 Labour Code	12/22/1992	12/22/1992	Positive	Burkina Faso prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2006	Law No. 033-2004 Labor Code of Burkina Faso	09/14/2004	10/29/2004	Positive	Burkina Faso enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	2019	Law No. 025-2018/AN, containing the Penal Code	05/31/2018	05/31/2018	Positive	Burkina Faso made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2020	Law No. 025-2018/AN, containing the Penal Code	05/31/2018	05/31/2018	Positive	Burkina Faso enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1973	Ministerial Order No. 110/172 - Duration of Vacation Leave with Pay and Circumstantial Leave	11/18/1971	11/18/1971	Positive	Burundi introduced paid paternity leave.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	1994	Decree-Law No. 1/024 - Reform of the Persons and Family Code	04/28/1993	04/28/1993	Positive	Burundi no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. Burundi allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Mobility	1994	Decree-Law No. 1/024 - Reform of the Persons and Family Code	04/28/1993	04/28/1993	Positive	Burundi introduced a new Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1994	Decree-Law No. 1/024 - Reform of the Persons and Family Code	04/28/1993	04/28/1993	Positive	Burundi allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1995	Decree Law No 1/037 of July 7, 1993 on the revision of the Burundian Labor Code	07/07/1993	07/07/1993	Positive	Burundi prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1995	Decree-Law No. 1-037 of July 7, 1993.	07/07/1993	07/07/1993	Positive	Burundi prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2010	Law Num 1/05 of April 22, 2009 on the revision of the Penal Code	04/22/2009	04/22/2009	Positive	Burundi enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2010	Law Num 1/05 of April 22, 2009 on the revision of the Penal Code	09/20/2008	04/22/2009	Positive	Burundi enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	2022	Law No. 1/11 of November 24, 2020 revising the Decree Law No. 1/037 of July 7, 1993 revising the Labor Code of Burundi	11/24/2020	11/24/2020	Positive	Burundi mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	1983	Civil Code	06/20/1981	06/20/1981	Positive	Cabo Verde granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	1983	Decree-Law 58-81 of June 20, 1981	06/20/1981	06/20/1981	Positive	Cabo Verde amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	1983	Decree-Law 58-81 of June 20, 1981	06/20/1981	06/20/1981	Positive	Cabo Verde allowed women to be head of household.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Mobility	1983	Decree-Law 58-81 of June 20, 1981	06/20/1981	06/20/1981	Positive	Cabo Verde amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1983	Decree-Law 58-81 of June 20, 1981	06/20/1981	06/20/1981	Positive	Cabo Verde allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	1984	Decree-Law No. 50/2009 Amending Decree-Law 05/2004	12/24/1982	12/24/1982	Positive	Cabo Verde introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	1999	Civil Code	06/30/1997	06/30/1997	Positive	Cabo Verde gave women the same rights to remarry as men.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	2005	Penal Code	11/18/2003	07/01/2004	Positive	Cabo Verde's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2005	Act No. 84/VII/2011 on Gender Based Violence	11/18/2003	03/01/2004	Positive	Cabo Verde enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	2005	Decree-Law No. 5/2004 - Social Security	02/16/2004	02/16/2004	Positive	Cabo Verde explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2005	Penal Code	07/21/2003	11/18/2003	Positive	Cabo Verde enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	2009	Legislative-Decree No. 5/2007 - Labor Code	09/16/2007	04/16/2008	Positive	Cabo Verde prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2009	Legislative-Decree No. 5/2007 - Labor Code	10/16/2007	10/16/2007	Positive	Cabo Verde prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Assets	1991	Civil Code of Cambodia	07/17/1989	07/17/1989	Positive	Cambodia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Parenthood	1995	Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia	09/21/1993	09/21/1993	Positive	Cambodia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Workplace	1998	Labor Law	03/13/1997	03/13/1997	Positive	Cambodia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Marriage	2007	Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and the Protection of Victims	10/24/2005	10/24/2005	Positive	Cambodia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Pay	1998	Labor Code 1997	03/13/1997	03/13/1997	Positive	Cambodia lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Entrepreneurship	2011	Criminal Code	11/30/2009	11/30/2009	Positive	Cambodia's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Workplace	2011	Criminal Code	11/30/2009	11/30/2009	Positive	Cambodia adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Pension	2022	Sub-Degree No. 32 On The Social Security Scheme of Pension Money Section For The Persons Who Are Under the Provisions of Labor Law	03/04/2021	03/04/2021	Positive	Cambodia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Cameroon	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1994	Labor Code	08/14/1992	08/14/1992	Positive	Cameroon prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Cameroon	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2018	Law No. 2016/007 of 12 July 2016 on the Penal Code	07/12/2016	07/12/2016	Positive	Cameroon prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Canada	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1973	Employment Insurance Act	06/23/1971	06/27/1971	Positive	Canada increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Canada	High income: OECD	Assets	1976	Family Law Act	07/03/1975	07/03/1975	Positive	Canada enacted the Family Law Reform Act, recognizing the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Canada	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	1978	Canadian Human Rights Act	08/10/1977	03/01/1978	Positive	Canada introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Canada	High income: OECD	Mobility	1979	Family Law Act	03/16/1978	03/31/1978	Positive	Canada enacted the Family Reform Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Canada	High income: OECD	Pension	1979	Canada Pension Plan	01/01/1983	01/01/1983	Positive	Canada explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Canada	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1986	Canada Labor Code	06/07/1985	06/07/1985	Positive	Canada prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Canada	High income: OECD	Workplace	1986	Canadian Human Rights Act	#N/A	#N/A	Positive	Canada enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Canada	High income: OECD	Pay	1988	Ontario Pay Equity Act Cap P7, 1990	01/01/1987	01/01/1988	Positive	Canada mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Canada	High income: OECD	Marriage	1991	Family Law Act	#N/A	#N/A	Positive	Canada enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Canada	High income: OECD	Workplace	1991	Ontario Human Rights Code	#N/A	#N/A	Positive	Canada adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Canada	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1992	Employment Insurance Act	12/31/1990	12/31/1990	Positive	Canada introduced paid parental leave.
Canada	High income: OECD	Parenthood	2020	Employment Insurance Act	02/27/2018	03/17/2019	Positive	Canada introduced a new parental leave sharing benefit that reserves 35 days of paid parental leave for the father.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1977	Collective Trade Agreement of the Central African Republic	12/01/1975	12/01/1975	Positive	The Central African Republic introduced paid paternity leave.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	1999	Law No. 97-013 on the Family Code	11/11/1997	11/11/1997	Positive	Central African Republic granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	1999	Law No. 97-013 on the Family Code	11/11/1997	11/11/1997	Positive	Central African Republic introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without the representation of her husband.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	1999	Law No. 10.001 of 6 January 2010 on the Central African Republic Penal Code\	11/11/1997	11/11/1997	Positive	The Central African Republic gave women the same rights to remarry as men.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1999	Law No. 97-013 on the Family Code	11/11/1997	11/11/1997	Positive	The Central African Republic allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2008	Law No. 06.032 of 27 December 2006 on the protection of women against violence in the Central African Republic	12/27/2006	09/01/2007	Positive	Central African Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	2008	Decree No. 09.116 establishing the modalities of application of Law No. 06.035 of 28 December 2006 on the Social Security Code of the Central African Republic	12/28/2006	12/28/2006	Positive	The Central African Republic equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2008	Law No. 06.032 of 27 December 2006 on the protection of women against violence in the Central African Republic	12/27/2006	09/01/2007	Positive	The Central African Republic enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2010	Act establishing the Labor Code of the Central African Republic	01/29/2009	01/29/2009	Positive	The Central African Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	1979	Decree No. 99/P/CSM of 26 April 1978 on the organization of the pension insurance scheme	04/26/1978	01/01/1978	Positive	Chad introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1998	Act No. 038/PR/96 of 11 December 1996 on the Labor Code	12/11/1996	12/11/1996	Positive	Chad prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	1998	Act No. 038/PR/96 of 11 December 1996 on the Labor Code	12/11/1996	12/11/1996	Positive	Chad mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1998	Act No. 038/PR/96 of 11 December 1996 on the Labor Code	12/11/1996	12/11/1996	Positive	Chad prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2018	Law No. 001/PR/2017 of 8 May 2017 on the Penal Code	05/08/2017	05/08/2017	Positive	Chad enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2018	Law No. 001/PR/2017 of 8 May 2017 on the Penal Code	05/08/2017	05/08/2017	Positive	Chad enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Chile	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1974	Law No. 17928 of 1973 amended the Labor Code	04/12/1973	04/12/1973	Positive	Chile increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Chile	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	1991	Civil Code	06/09/1989	06/09/1989	Positive	Chile amended its Civil Code abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Chile	High income: OECD	Marriage	1991	Civil Code	06/09/1989	06/09/1989	Positive	Chile no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Chile	High income: OECD	Mobility	1991	Civil Code	06/09/1989	06/09/1989	Positive	Chile amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Chile	High income: OECD	Workplace	1991	Law No. 18802 amended Civil Code	05/23/1989	06/09/1989	Positive	Chile allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Chile	High income: OECD	Pay	1995	Law 19250 AMENDS BOOKS I, II AND V OF THE LABOR CODE, ARTICLE 2472 OF THE CIVIL CODE AND OTHER LEGAL TEXTS	09/23/1993	12/01/1993	Positive	Chile allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.
Chile	High income: OECD	Workplace	2003	Law 19759 of 2001	09/27/2001	11/01/2001	Positive	Chile prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Chile	High income: OECD	Workplace	2006	Law No. 20005 - Sexual Harassment	03/08/2005	03/18/2005	Positive	Chile enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Chile	High income: OECD	Marriage	2007	Law No. 20066 - Intrafamiliar Violence Law	09/22/2005	10/07/2005	Positive	Chile enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Chile	High income: OECD	Parenthood	2007	Ordinance Nº 3846-104 of 2005	09/05/2005	09/05/2005	Positive	Chile introduced paid paternity leave.
Chile	High income: OECD	Pension	2009	Law No. 20255 - Social Security Reform	03/11/2008	03/11/2008	Positive	Chile explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Chile	High income: OECD	Parenthood	2013	Law No. 20545 of 2011	10/17/2011	10/17/2011	Positive	Chile introduced paid parental leave.
Chile	High income: OECD	Marriage	2021	Law 21.264 of 2021 Eliminating the Waiting Period for Remarrying	09/04/2020	09/04/2020	Positive	Chile gave women the same rights to remarry as men.
China	East Asia & Pacific	Parenthood	1990	Regulations on Labour Protection for Female Workers and Employees	06/28/1998	09/01/1988	Positive	China prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
China	East Asia & Pacific	Workplace	1996	Labor Law of the People's Republic of China (Consolidated)	01/01/1995	01/01/1995	Positive	China prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
China	East Asia & Pacific	Parenthood	2003	Measures of Shanghai Urban Maternity Insurance	10/10/2001	11/01/2001	Positive	China introduced a social security system that administers maternity benefits.
China	East Asia & Pacific	Parenthood	2005	Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Population and Family Planning	12/31/2003	04/15/2004	Positive	China increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.
China	East Asia & Pacific	Marriage	2007	Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests of the People's Republic of China	08/28/2005	12/01/2005	Positive	China enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
China	East Asia & Pacific	Pension	2009	Interim Measures of the State Council on Workers' Retirement and Resignation	06/29/2007	01/01/2008	Negative	China set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
China	East Asia & Pacific	Workplace	2013	Special Provisions on the Labor Protection of Female Employees	04/28/2012	04/28/2012	Positive	China enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
China	East Asia & Pacific	Parenthood	2023	Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Population and Family Planning 2022	11/25/2021	11/25/2021	Positive	China introduced paid parental leave.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1976	Law No. 84 Civil Code	12/30/1974	02/06/1975	Positive	Colombia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1976	Law No. 84 Civil Code	12/30/1974	02/06/1975	Positive	Colombia reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1977	Law No. 84 Civil Code	01/19/1976	02/18/1976	Positive	Colombia allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1998	Law No. 294 of 1996 Prevention of intrafamiliar violence	07/16/1996	07/22/1996	Positive	Colombia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2002	Law No. 84 Civil Code	10/25/2000	10/25/2000	Positive	Colombia gave women the same rights to remarry as men.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2004	Law No. 755 of July 23 of 2002 on Paternity Leave (Ley Maria)	07/23/2002	07/23/2002	Positive	Colombia introduced paid paternity leave.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2007	Law No. 1010 of 2006 on Sexual Harassment in Employment	01/23/2006	01/23/2006	Positive	Colombia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2013	Labor Code	06/30/2011	06/30/2011	Positive	Colombia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2013	Labor Code	12/29/2011	12/29/2011	Positive	Colombia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	2018	Labor Code	10/26/2016	10/26/2016	Positive	Colombia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2022	Law Num. 2114 of July 29, 2021	07/29/2021	07/29/2021	Positive	Colombia introduced paid parental leave.
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1983	Act No. 84-10 of 15 May 1984 Act on civil status	02/18/1984	05/15/1984	Positive	Comoros increased the duration of paid maternity leave to 14 weeks.
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1985	Act No. 84-10 of 15 May 1984 Act on civil status	02/18/1984	05/15/1984	Positive	Comoros prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1985	Act No. 84-108 on the Labor Code	02/18/1984	02/18/1984	Positive	Comoros prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	2014	Law No. 12 Repealing, Amending and Supplementing Certain Provisions of Law No. 84-108/pr on the Labor Code	06/28/2012	06/28/2012	Positive	Comoros mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2014	Law No. 12 Repealing, Amending and Supplementing Certain Provisions of Law No. 84-108/pr on the Labor Code	06/28/2012	09/06/2012	Positive	Comoros enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2016	Decree No. 15 - 058/PR promulgating Law No. 14-036/AU of 22 December 2014 on the prevention and repression of violence against women in the Union of the Comoros	12/22/2014	05/02/2015	Positive	Comoros enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	2016	Decree No. 14-176/PR	12/05/2014	12/05/2014	Positive	Comoros introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	1989	Act No. 87.010 of 1 August 1987 on the Family Code	08/01/1987	08/01/1988	Positive	The Democratic Republic of Congo equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	1989	Act No. 87.010 of 1 August 1987 on the Family Code	08/01/1987	08/01/1988	Negative	The Democratic Republic of Congo introduced a new family law that obliges a married woman to obey her husband.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	2000	Act No. 02-15 of 16 October 2002 on the Labor Code	10/16/2002	10/25/2002	Positive	The Democratic Republic of Congo increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	2004	Act No. 02-15 of 16 October 2002 on the Labor Code	10/16/2002	10/25/2002	Positive	The Democratic Republic of Congo prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	2004	Act No. 02-15 of 16 October 2002 on the Labor Code	10/16/2002	10/25/2002	Positive	The Democratic Republic of Congo lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2004	Act No. 02-15 of 16 October 2002 on the Labor Code	10/16/2002	10/25/2002	Positive	The Democratic Republic of Congo enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	2017	Law No. 15/013 of 1 August 2015 on the Implementation of Women's Rights and Parity	08/01/2015	08/01/2015	Positive	The Democratic Republic of Congo introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2017	Law No. 15/013 of 1 August 2015 on the Implementation of Women's Rights and Parity	08/01/2015	08/01/2015	Positive	The Democratic Republic of Congo prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	2018	Law No 16/008 Amending and Complementing Law No. 87-010 of August 1, 1987 on the Family Code	07/15/2016	07/15/2016	Positive	The Democratic Republic of Congo amended its Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2018	Law No 16/008 Amending and Complementing Law No. 87-010 of August 1, 1987 on the Family Code	07/15/2016	07/15/2016	Positive	The Democratic Republic of Congo no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Mobility	2018	Law No 16/008 Amending and Complementing Law No. 87-010 of August 1, 1987 on the Family Code	07/15/2016	07/15/2016	Positive	The Democratic Republic of Congo reformed its Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	2018	Law No. 16-010 of July 15, 2016 amending and supplementing Law No. 15-2002 on the labor code	07/15/2016	07/15/2016	Positive	The Democratic Republic of Congo eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2018	Law No 16/008 Amending and Complementing Law No. 87-010 of August 1, 1987 on the Family Code	07/15/2016	07/15/2016	Positive	The Democratic Republic of Congo allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	2020	Law No. 16-009 establishing the rules relating to the general social security scheme	07/15/2016	07/15/2018	Positive	The Democratic Republic of Congo introduced social insurance maternity benefits. Maternity leave is now paid by the government instead of the employer.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	2020	Law No. 16-009 establishing the rules relating to the general social security scheme	07/15/2016	07/15/2018	Positive	The Democratic Republic of Congo equalized the retirement age (60 years) for women and men and established pension credits for periods of child care.
Congo, Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	1986	Law NO. 073/84 OF 17/10/1984 ON THE FAMILY CODE	10/17/1984	10/17/1984	Positive	Congo, Rep. introduced a Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.
Congo, Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1986	Law NO. 073/84 OF 17/10/1984 ON THE FAMILY CODE	10/17/1984	10/17/1984	Positive	Congo, Rep. allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Congo, Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	1987	Act No. 004-86 of 25 February 1986 on the Social Security Code	02/25/1986	02/25/1986	Positive	Congo, Rep. explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Congo, Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2023	Law No. 19-2022 on the fight against violence against women in the Republic of Congo	05/04/2022	05/19/2022	Positive	The Republic of Congo enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Congo, Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2023	Law No. 19-2022 on the fight against violence against women in the Republic of Congo	05/04/2022	05/19/2022	Positive	The Republic of Congo enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment, including criminal penalties for such conduct.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1975	Family Code	12/21/1973	08/05/1974	Positive	Costa Rica introduced divorce by mutual consent. The process is equal for women and men. Also, it no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1975	Family Code	12/21/1973	08/05/1974	Positive	Costa Rica allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1987	Law No. 2/1943 Labor Code	04/23/1986	04/23/1986	Positive	Costa Rica increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1996	Law No. 2/1943 Labor Code	04/19/1995	04/19/1995	Positive	Costa Rica explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1996	Law No. 7476/1995 - Law against Sexual Harassment in Employment and Education	03/02/1995	03/03/1995	Positive	Costa Rica enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1997	Law No. 7586/1996 - Domestic Violence	04/10/1996	05/02/1996	Positive	Costa Rica enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2009	Family Code	02/14/2008	02/14/2008	Positive	The Supreme Court of Costa Rica annulled a waiting period for women before remarriage.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	2020	REFORM OF Law No. 7142, Law FOR THE PROMOTION OF SOCIAL EQUALITY FOR WOMEN, OF MARCH 8, 1990	03/26/2019	03/26/2019	Positive	Costa Rica mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	2021	Law No. 2/1943 Labor Code	10/01/2019	10/29/2019	Positive	Costa Rica lifted the ban on women's night work.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2023	Law to combat labor discrimination against women in maternity condition	05/05/2022	05/05/2022	Positive	Costa Rica introduced paid paternity leave.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	2023	Freedom of Employment Choice of Women	03/07/2022	03/07/2022	Positive	Costa Rica removed restrictions on women's employment in jobs deemed dangerous.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	1985	Law No. 83-1983 amended Marriage Law of 1964	08/02/1983	08/02/1983	Positive	Côte d'Ivoire amended its Marriage Law allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1996	Law No. 95-15 of January 12, 1995 Establishing the Labor Code	01/12/1995	01/12/1995	Positive	Côte d'Ivoire prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	1996	Law No. 95-15 of January 12, 1995 Establishing the Labor Code	01/12/1995	01/12/1995	Positive	Côte d'Ivoire mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1996	Law No. 95-15 of January 12, 1995 Establishing the Labor Code	01/12/1995	01/12/1995	Positive	Côte d'Ivoire prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2000	Law No. 81-640 Of July 31, 1981 Establishing the Penal Code	12/23/1998	12/23/1998	Positive	Côte d'Ivoire enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2014	Law No. 2013 of January 25, 2013 Repealing Article 53 and Modifying Articles 58, 59, 60 and 67 of Law No. 64-64-375 of October 7, 1964 relating to Marriage as Amended by Law No. 83-800	01/25/2013	01/25/2013	Positive	Côte d'Ivoire allowed women to be head of household.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Mobility	2014	Interministerial Order No. 022/MEMIS/MEMAE/MPMEF of January 14, 2013, amending Article 4 of Order No. 165/MI/MEF of May 15, 2008 setting, for applications made in Cote d'Ivoire, the conditions for the establishment and issuance of the ordinary national passport	01/14/2013	01/14/2013	Positive	Côte d'Ivoire allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men. It also allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2014	Law No. 2013 of January 25, 2013 Repealing Article 53 and Modifying Articles 58, 59, 60 and 67 of Law No. 64-64-375 of October 7, 1964 relating to Marriage as Amended by Law No. 83-800	01/25/2013	01/25/2013	Positive	Côte d'Ivoire allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	2019	Decree No. 2018-272 of 7 March 2018 on work forbidden to women and pregnant women	03/07/2018	03/07/2018	Negative	Ivory Coast introduced restrictions for women's employment in certain industries, including mining.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	2020	Law No. 2019-570 of 26 June 2019 relating to marriage	06/26/2019	06/26/2019	Positive	Côte d’Ivoire granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	2023	Law No. 2021-893 of 21 December 2021 modifying the Penal Code	12/21/2021	01/13/2022	Positive	Côte d'Ivoire prohibited gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2023	Law on measures for the protection of victims of domestic violence, rape and sexual violence other forms of violence	12/21/2021	12/21/2022	Positive	Côte d'Ivoire enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	2023	Decree No. 2021-919 of 22 December 2021 concerning the protection of pregnant women in employment	12/22/2021	01/24/2022	Positive	Côte d'Ivoire eliminated all restrictions on women’s employment. Women can now work in industrial jobs and in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1991	Law on Labor Relations of 27 April 1990	04/27/1990	04/27/1990	Positive	Croatia equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	1996	Labor Law	05/17/1995	01/01/1996	Positive	Croatia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	1996	Labor Act (No. 758/95)	05/17/1995	01/01/1996	Positive	Croatia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	2005	Law on Protection Against Domestic Violence	07/18/2003	07/30/2003	Positive	Croatia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2005	Law No. 114/03 on Amendments to the Labor Law	07/14/2003	07/16/2003	Positive	Croatia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Entrepreneurship	2009	Law on Gender Equality	07/09/2008	07/15/2008	Positive	Croatia's Anti-Discrimination Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2010	Law on Maternal and Parental Benefits	07/15/2008	01/01/2009	Positive	Croatia introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2011	Labor Law	12/04/2009	01/01/2010	Positive	Croatia eliminated restrictions on women's employment in certain industries, including the mining and water industries. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1974	Social Insurance Law 2010 (59(I)/2010)	12/29/1972	12/29/1972	Positive	Cyprus explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1988	Maternity Protection Law 1997 (100(I)/1997)	04/10/1987	05/27/1988	Positive	Cyprus prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1989	Maternity Protection Law 1997 (100(I)/1997)	05/27/1988	05/27/1988	Positive	Cyprus increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	1991	Equal Pay between Men and Women for the Same Work or Work of Equal Value Law 2002 (177(I)/2002)	05/05/1989	05/05/1992	Positive	Cyprus mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Assets	1992	Law Regulating Property Relations of Spouses 1991 (232/1991)	06/13/1905	06/13/1905	Positive	Cyprus recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	1996	Violence in the Family (Prevention and Protection of Victims) Law of 1994 (47(I)/1994)	06/17/1994	#N/A	Positive	Cyprus enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2004	Equal Treatment of Men and Women in Employment and Vocational Training Law 2002 (205(I)/2002)	12/06/2002	05/01/2004	Positive	Cyprus prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Entrepreneurship	2009	Equal Treatment of Men and Women (Access to Goods and Services) Act 2008 (18(I)/2008)	05/02/2008	05/02/2008	Positive	Cyprus introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2019	Protection of the Paternity Law 2017 (117(I)/2017)	07/24/2017	08/01/2017	Positive	Cyprus introduced 10 days of paid paternity leave.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Mobility	2022	Passport application form; Passport application procedures	10/26/2020	10/26/2020	Positive	Cyprus allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men.
Czechia	High income: OECD	Pay	1981	Labor Code	12/31/1980	12/31/1980	Positive	Czechia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.
Czechia	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1992	Labor Code	09/18/1990	10/01/1990	Positive	Czechia introduced paid parental leave.
Czechia	High income: OECD	Pay	1996	Labor Code	05/31/1994	06/01/1994	Positive	Czechia lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Czechia	High income: OECD	Marriage	2007	Domestic Violence Act	04/14/2006	01/01/2007	Positive	Czechia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Czechia	High income: OECD	Workplace	2008	Labor Code	06/07/2006	01/01/2007	Positive	Czechia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Czechia	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	2009	Anti-Discrimination Act	04/23/2008	04/23/2008	Positive	Czechia's Anti-Discrimination Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Czechia	High income: OECD	Workplace	2010	Anti-Discrimination Act	06/29/2009	09/01/2009	Positive	Czechia enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Czechia	High income: OECD	Pay	2013	The Act Establishing the Conditions for the Protection of Health at Work	03/26/2012	04/01/2012	Positive	Czechia eliminated restrictions on women's employment in manufacturing.
Czechia	High income: OECD	Parenthood	2019	Penal Code	05/01/2016	02/01/2018	Positive	Czechia introduced five days of paid paternity leave.
Czechia	High income: OECD	Workplace	2007	Labor Code	06/07/2006	01/01/2007	Positive	Czechia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Marriage	1971	Act on Marriage and Dissolution	06/04/1969	06/04/1969	Positive	Denmark gave women the same rights to remarry as men.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1986	Act on Equal treatment of men and women in employment and maternity leave, sickness or maternity benefits; Act on Law on Childcare leave	07/01/1984	07/01/1984	Positive	Denmark introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1990	Act on Equal Treatment of Men and Women in Employment	04/19/1989	05/01/1989	Positive	Denmark prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Pension	1993	Labor Market Supplementary Pension Act of 10 October 2014	05/20/1992	05/20/1992	Positive	Denmark explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Workplace	1999	Act No. 213 of 1998, Act on Equal Treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment and Maternity Leave	04/03/1998	04/03/1998	Positive	Denmark prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Workplace	2001	Act No. 388 of 2000 on Equality Between Women and Men	05/30/2000	06/01/2000	Positive	Denmark enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	2009	Act on Equality Between Women and Men	09/19/2007	09/19/2007	Positive	Denmark introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Pay	2009	Act on Equal Pay for Men and Women	09/05/2008	09/05/2008	Positive	Denmark mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Marriage	2013	Criminal Code	02/03/2012	03/01/2012	Positive	Denmark enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	Pension	1991	Law No. 154/AN/02/4th L codifying the functioning of the OPS and the general pension scheme for salaried workers	06/19/1989	06/19/1989	Positive	Djibouti introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	Entrepreneurship	1996	Penal Code	01/05/1995	01/05/1995	Positive	Djibouti's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	Workplace	2006	Labor Code	01/28/2006	01/28/2006	Positive	Djibouti prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	Pay	2007	Labor Code	01/28/2006	01/28/2006	Positive	Djibouti mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	Pension	2010	Law No. 17/AN/08/6th L modifying the retirement age	10/11/2008	10/11/2008	Positive	Djibouti equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	Marriage	2019	Law No. 66/AN/719/8th L on the Protection, Prevention and Care of Women and Children Victims of Violence	04/12/2018	04/12/2018	Positive	Djibouti enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	Workplace	2020	Law No. 221/AN/17/8th L amending and supplementing Law No. 133/AN/05/5th L of 28 January 2006 establishing the Labor Code	06/25/2018	06/25/2018	Positive	Djibouti enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Dominica	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	1974	The Matrimonial Causes Act of 1973	05/23/1973	01/01/1974	Positive	Dominica recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Dominica	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1974	The Matrimonial Causes Act of 1973	05/23/1973	01/01/1974	Positive	Dominica allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.
Dominica	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1975	The Domicile and Matrimonial Proceedings Act of 1973	07/25/1973	01/01/1974	Positive	Dominica allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men.
Dominica	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1977	Social Security (Benefit) Regulations	01/29/1976	01/29/1976	Positive	Dominica introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Dominica	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2003	Protection against Domestic Violence Act No. 22 of 2001	01/29/2002	01/31/2002	Positive	Dominica enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Entrepreneurship	1980	Law No. 855 of 1977 amended the Labor Code	07/22/1978	07/22/1978	Positive	Dominican Republic amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1980	Law No. 855 of 1977 amended the Labor Code	07/22/1978	07/22/1978	Positive	Dominican Republic no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1980	Law No. 855 of 1977 amended the Labor Code	07/22/1978	07/22/1978	Positive	Dominican Republic reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1980	Law No. 855 of 1977 amended the Labor Code	07/22/1978	#N/A	Positive	The Dominican Republic allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1993	Law No. 16-92 Labor Code	05/29/1992	05/29/1992	Positive	The Dominican Republic introduced paid paternity leave.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	1993	Law No. 16-92 Labor Code	05/29/1992	05/29/1992	Positive	The Dominican Republic lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1993	Law No. 16-92 Labor Code	05/29/1992	05/31/1992	Positive	The Dominican Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1998	Law No. 24-97 on Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence	01/27/1997	01/28/1997	Positive	Dominican Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1998	Law No. 24-97 on Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence	01/27/1997	01/28/1997	Positive	The Dominican Republic adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	2003	Law No. 189-01 (Amendment to Civil Code on Marital Regime)	11/22/2001	11/22/2001	Positive	The Dominican Republic granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Entrepreneurship	2016	Regulations on the Protection of Users of Financial Products and Services	02/05/2015	04/20/2015	Positive	Dominican Republic's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2016	Case TC/0070/15	04/16/2015	04/16/2015	Positive	The Dominican Republic gave women the same rights to remarry as men.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2018	Law No. 16-92 Labor Code	07/09/2014	02/09/2017	Positive	The Dominican Republic increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	1972	Civil Code	11/20/1970	11/20/1970	Positive	Ecuador removed provisions designating the husband as administrator of property, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Entrepreneurship	1972	Civil Code	11/20/1970	11/20/1970	Positive	Ecuador amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1972	Civil Code of 1970	11/20/1970	#N/A	Positive	Ecuador allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1990	Social Security Law	09/08/1988	09/08/1988	Positive	Ecuador introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1991	Civil Code	08/18/1989	08/18/1989	Positive	Ecuador no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1991	Civil Code	08/18/1989	08/18/1989	Positive	Ecuador reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1997	Law No. 103 of 1995 on Violence against Women and the Family	12/11/1995	12/11/1995	Positive	Ecuador enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	2000	Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador	06/05/1998	06/05/1998	Positive	Ecuador mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2000	Penal Code of 1971	07/21/1998	07/21/1998	Positive	Ecuador enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	2003	Social Security Law	11/30/2001	11/30/2001	Positive	Ecuador explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2007	Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador	12/16/2005	01/01/2006	Positive	Ecuador introduced paid paternity leave.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2010	Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador	09/28/2008	10/20/2008	Positive	Ecuador prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2017	Civil Code	06/16/2015	06/19/2015	Positive	Ecuador amended its Civil Code to allow women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. A waiting period for women of 300 days before remarriage was also abolished.
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Marriage	1987	Egypt's Personal Status Law No. 100 of 1985	07/03/1985	05/16/1985	Negative	Egypt, Arab Rep. introduced a new personal status law that obliges a married woman to obey her husband.
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Parenthood	2004	Labor Law No. 12 of 2003	04/07/2003	04/07/2003	Positive	Egypt, Arab Rep. prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Pension	1997	Law No. 12 of 1996 Promulgating the Child Law Amended by Law No. 126 of 2008	03/25/1996	03/25/1996	Positive	Egypt, Arab Rep. explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Mobility	2002	Egypt’s Supreme Constitutional Court’s Decision No. 243 for Judicial Year No. 21	11/04/2000	11/04/2000	Positive	Egypt, Arab Rep.'s Constitutional Court Decision removed restriction for a married woman to travel abroad without her husband's permission.
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Workplace	2004	Labor Law No. 12 of 2003	04/07/2003	04/07/2003	Positive	Egypt, Arab Rep. prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Workplace	2016	Law No. 50 of 2014 amending Some Provisions of the Penal Code Promulgated by Law No. 58 of 1937	06/05/2014	06/06/2014	Positive	Egypt, Arab Rep. enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Entrepreneurship	2022	The Central Bank of Egypt’s Circular of April 22, 2021	04/22/2021	04/22/2021	Positive	Egypt, Arab Rep. made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Marriage	2022	Prime Minister's Decision No. 827 of 2021 to Establish Units of Violence against Women	04/18/2021	04/18/2021	Positive	Egypt, Arab Rep. enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	1995	Family Code	10/11/1993	10/01/1994	Positive	El Salvador recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1995	Family Code	10/11/1993	10/01/1994	Positive	El Salvador no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. El Salvador allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1995	Family Code	10/11/1993	10/01/1994	Positive	El Salvador introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1995	Labor Code	04/29/1994	05/20/1994	Positive	El Salvador prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1998	Domestic Violence Act	12/20/1996	12/28/1996	Positive	El Salvador enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1998	Pension Savings System Act	12/20/1996	12/28/1996	Positive	El Salvador explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Economy

Region

Indicator

Report Year

Name of the Law

Date of Enactement

Date of Entry Into Force

Type of Reform

Reform Description

Afghanistan

South Asia

Parenthood

1989

Labour Code of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

06/11/1987

Positive

Afghanistan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Afghanistan

South Asia

Pension

1989

Labour Code of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

06/11/1987

Negative

Afghanistan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Afghanistan

South Asia

Parenthood

2000

Labour Law of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

01/11/1999

Negative

Afghanistan no longer prohibits the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Afghanistan

South Asia

Pension

2000

Labor Code

01/11/1999

Positive

Afghanistan equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Afghanistan

South Asia

Parenthood

2008

Labor Code

02/04/2007

Positive

Afghanistan introduced paid paternity leave.

Afghanistan

South Asia

Mobility

2017

Passport Law

10/25/2015

Positive

Afghanistan enacted a new Passport Law which no longer requires a married woman to bring a guardian or written consent of her husband when applying for a passport.

Afghanistan

South Asia

Workplace

2017

Regulations Prohibiting the Harassment of Women

10/03/2015

11/07/2015

Positive

Afghanistan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment and also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Afghanistan

South Asia

Mobility

2023

Executive Decree on Women's Rights

12/03/2021

Negative

The interim Taliban administration in Afghanistan restricted women’s right to travel outside the country in the same way as men.

Afghanistan

South Asia

Workplace

2023

Executive Decree on Women's Rights

12/03/2021

Negative

The interim Taliban administration in Afghanistan restricted women’s right to get a job in the same way as men.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1994

On Social Insurance in the Republic of Albania

05/11/1993

06/11/1993

Positive

Albania increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1994

On Social Insurance in the Republic of Albania

05/11/1993

06/11/1993

Positive

Albania explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2005

Labor Code of Albania - Law No. 7961 of 12 July 1995

07/29/2003

Positive

Albania prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1997

Labor Code of Albania - Law No. 7961 of 12 July 1995

07/07/1995

07/27/1995

Positive

Albania no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1997

Labor Code of Albania - Law No. 7961 of 12 July 1995

07/12/1995

07/27/1995

Positive

Albania prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2008

Law No. 9669 of 18.12.2006 "On Measures against Violence in Family Relations"

12/18/2006

06/01/2007

Positive

Albania enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2011

Law on Protection from Discrimination

02/04/2010

03/12/2010

Positive

Albania introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2017

Labor Code of Albania - Law No. 7961 of 12 July 1995

12/05/2015

Positive

Albania introduced paid paternity leave.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2017

Labor Code of Albania - Law No. 7961 of 12 July 1995

12/05/2015

Positive

Albania mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

1976

Act No. 83-11 of 2 July 1983 on social insurance

04/29/1975

05/16/1975

Positive

Algeria began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1984

Law No. 83-12 of 2 July 1983 relating to retirement

07/02/1983

01/01/1984

Positive

Algeria introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. The new system set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

1985

Act No. 83-11 of 2 July 1983 on social insurance

07/02/1983

Positive

Algeria increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

1991

Act No. 90-11 of 21 April 1990 on Labor relations

04/21/1990

Positive

Algeria introduced paid paternity leave.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

1991

Act No. 90-11 of 21 April 1990 on Labor relations

04/21/1990

Positive

Algeria mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1998

Ordinance No. 97-13 of 31 May 1997 amending and supplementing Act No. 83-12 of 2 July 1983 on pensions

05/31/1997

Negative

Algeria set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2006

Ordinance n ° 05-02 of February 27, 2005 amending and supplementing Law n ° 84-11 of June 9, 1984 on the family code

02/27/2005

Positive

Algeria allowed women to be head of household. It no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2006

Ordinance n ° 05-02 of February 27, 2005 amending and supplementing Law n ° 84-11 of June 9, 1984 on the family code

02/27/2005

Positive

Algeria reformed its Family Code allowing a woman to leave the marital home without her husband's permission.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2006

Law No. 04-15 of November 10, 2004 Amending and Supplementing Ordinance No. 66-156 of June 8, 1966 on the Penal Code

11/10/2004

Positive

Algeria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2017

Act No. 15-19 of 30 December 2015 Amending and Supplementing Ordinance No. 66-156 of 8 June 1966 on the Criminal Code

12/30/2015

Positive

Algeria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1983

General Labour Law - Law 6/81 of 24 August

11/11/1981

08/24/1981

Positive

Angola prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1989

Law No. 1/88 - Family Code

02/20/1988

Positive

Angola granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1989

Law No. 1/88 - Family Code

02/20/1988

Positive

Angola introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1989

Law No. 1/88 - Family Code

02/20/1988

Positive

Angola allowed women to be head of household. It also gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1989

Law No. 1/88 - Family Code

02/20/1988

Positive

Angola introduced new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1989

Law No. 1/88 - Family Code

02/20/1988

Positive

Angola allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2001

General Labour Law No. 2/00 of 11 February 2000

02/11/2000

Positive

Angola mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2001

General Labour Law No. 2/00 of 11 February 2000

02/11/2000

04/11/2000

Positive

Angola prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2012

Presidential Decree No. 08/11

07/01/2011

Positive

Angola began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2013

Notice N 12-2016 Protection of consumers of financial products and services

06/01/2011

Positive

Angola made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2013

Law No. 25/11 - Against Domestic Violence

06/21/2011

07/14/2011

Positive

Angola enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2017

Law No. 7/15 - General Labor Law

06/15/2015

Positive

Angola introduced paid paternity leave.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2022

The Angolan Criminal Code

11/11/2020

02/11/2021

Positive

Angola enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Antigua and Barbuda

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1974

The Social Security Act Cap. 408

07/11/1972

Positive

Antigua and Barbuda introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Antigua and Barbuda

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1977

Antigua and Barbuda Labor Code (No. 14 of 1975) (Cap. 27)

09/19/1975

Positive

Antigua and Barbuda prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Antigua and Barbuda

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1998

Divorce Act

03/11/1997

05/01/1997

Positive

Antigua and Barbuda allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as a man.

Antigua and Barbuda

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2000

Domestic Violence Act 2015 (No. 27 of 2015)

02/18/1999

02/25/1999

Positive

Antigua and Barbuda enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1976

Law No. 20.744 - Law on Employment Contracts

09/11/1974

09/27/1974

Positive

Argentina prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1976

Law No. 20.744 - Law on Employment Contracts

09/11/1974

09/20/1974

Negative

Argentina set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1977

Law No. 20.744 - Law on Employment Contracts

03/13/1976

Positive

Argentina mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1977

Law No. 27440 on Promoting SMEs

05/13/1976

Positive

Argentina prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1989

Civil and Commercial Code

06/03/1987

06/08/1987

Positive

Argentina legalized divorce, equally granting the right to both spouses. There is no waiting period before remarriage for either spouse.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1989

The Civil Code of 1869

06/03/1987

06/08/1987

Positive

Argentina reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1989

Law No. 23. 515 of 1987 amended Civil Code

06/08/1987

06/12/1987

Positive

Argentina allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1993

Law No. 24.013 Labor Law

11/13/1991

12/05/1991

Positive

Argentina lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1996

Law No. 24.417 - Law on the Protection Against Family Violence

12/07/1994

12/28/1994

Positive

Argentina enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2005

The Civil Code of 1869

10/01/2003

11/12/2003

Positive

Argentina amended its civil code, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2010

Law No. 26.485 - Law on the Integral Protection of Women

03/11/2009

04/01/2009

Positive

Argentina enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2019

Law 27246, Retirement Mobility Index. Assets. Faculties

12/28/2017

Positive

Argentina equalized the mandatory retirement age (70 years) for women and men.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2022

Integrated Retirement and Pension System Decree 475/2021

07/17/2021

07/19/2021

Positive

Argentina explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1989

Law No. 23.515 of 1987 amending the Civil Code

06/03/1987

06/08/1987

Positive

Argentina enacted a Civil Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia

06/16/1972

10/01/1972

Negative

Armenia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1972

Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia

07/15/1970

01/01/1971

Positive

Armenia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1974

Labor Code

06/16/1972

10/01/1972

Positive

Armenia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1997

Law on State Pensions

12/06/1995

Positive

Armenia no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2004

Law on State Pensions

11/19/2002

01/01/2003

Positive

Armenia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2006

Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia

11/09/2004

06/21/2005

Positive

Armenia eliminated all restrictions on women's employment and lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2006

Labor Code

11/09/2004

06/21/2005

Positive

Armenia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2007

Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia

10/24/2005

01/01/2006

Positive

Armenia introduced paid parental leave.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2012

Law on State Pensions

12/22/2010

01/01/2011

Positive

Armenia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2012

The Republic of Armenia Law HO-117 on Changes and Additions to the Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia

06/24/2010

08/07/2010

Negative

Armenia abrogated legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2019

Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence, Protection of Victims of Domestic Violence and Restoration of Solidarity in the Family

12/30/2017

01/31/2018

Positive

Armenia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2022

Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia

09/16/2020

01/01/2021

Positive

Armenia introduced paid paternity leave.

Australia

High income: OECD

Assets

1977

Family Law Act 1975

06/12/1975

01/06/1976

Positive

Australia recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Australia

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1978

Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 No 48

04/28/1977

08/01/1984

Positive

Australia made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Australia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1982

Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 No 48

04/22/1981

Positive

Australia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Australia

High income: OECD

Mobility

1983

Domicile Act 1982

03/04/1982

07/01/1982

Positive

Australia reformed its Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Australia

High income: OECD

Mobility

1984

Australian Passports Act 2005

01/13/1983

Positive

Australia introduced new legal amendments which no longer requires a married woman her husband's permission when applying for a passport.

Australia

High income: OECD

Workplace

1985

Sex Discrimination Act 1984

03/21/1984

Positive

Australia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Australia

High income: OECD

Pay

1998

Workplace Relations Act 1996

11/25/1996

Positive

Australia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Australia

High income: OECD

Workplace

1998

Anti-Discrimination Amendment Act 1997

05/20/1997

09/04/1997

Positive

Australia enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Australia

High income: OECD

Marriage

2010

Crimes (Domestic and Personal Violence) Act 2007 No 80

12/07/2007

03/10/2008

Positive

Australia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Australia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2012

Paid Parental Leave Act 2010

07/14/2010

10/01/2010

Positive

Australia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks and its federal government began administering parental leave benefits. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Australia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2014

Paid Parental Leave and Other Legislation Amendment (Dad and Partner Pay and Other Measures) Act 2012

07/22/2012

Positive

Australia introduced paid paternity leave.

Australia

High income: OECD

Pension

2016

Social Security Act 1991

04/23/1991

07/01/2014

Positive

Australia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Austria

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1975

Maternity Leave Act of 1973

04/01/1974

Positive

Austria increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Austria

High income: OECD

Marriage

1977

General civil code for the entire German inheritance of the Austrian monarchy

07/01/1975

Positive

Austria allowed women to be head of household. Austria no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Austria

High income: OECD

Mobility

1977

General civil code for the entire German inheritance of the Austrian monarchy

07/01/1975

07/31/1975

Positive

Austria reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Austria

High income: OECD

Assets

1980

Law to standardize the right of marriage and divorce in the country of Austria and in the rest of the Reich. 6 July 1938.; Civil Code

06/15/1978

Positive

Austria granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. Austria also recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Austria

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1980

Maternity Protection Act 1979

05/31/1979

Positive

Austria prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Austria

High income: OECD

Pay

1980

Federal Act on Equal Treatment

02/23/1979

03/15/1979

Positive

Austria mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Austria

High income: OECD

Workplace

1980

Federal Equal Treatment Act

02/23/1979

03/15/1979

Positive

Austria prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Austria

High income: OECD

Marriage

1985

Law to standardize the right of marriage and divorce in the country of Austria and in the rest of the Reich. 6 July 1938.

11/11/1983

Positive

Austria gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Austria

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1992

Paid Parental Leave Act 2010

06/27/1990

07/13/1990

Positive

Austria introduced paid parental leave.

Austria

High income: OECD

Pension

1994

Federal Constitutional Law on Different Age Limits of Male and Female Social Insurance

02/01/1993

03/02/1993

Negative

Austria set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Austria

High income: OECD

Workplace

1994

Federal Equal Treatment Act

02/12/1993

03/01/1993

Positive

Austria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Austria

High income: OECD

Marriage

1998

Federal Law on protection against violence in the family - GeSchG

12/30/1996

Positive

Austria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Austria

High income: OECD

Pay

2004

Federal Act No. 122/2002

08/01/2002

Positive

Austria lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Austria

High income: OECD

Pension

2006

Federal Act of 9 September 1955 on General Social Insurance

12/15/2004

01/01/2005

Positive

Austria explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Austria

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2010

Federal Act on Equal Treatment

07/02/2008

Positive

Austria's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Austria

High income: OECD

Pay

2010

Ordinance of the Federal Minister of Economics and Labor on Employment bans and restrictions for women workers

07/31/2008

Positive

Austria eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Austria

High income: OECD

Pension

2015

Federal Act of 9 September 1955 on General Social Insurance

08/20/2003

06/01/2014

Positive

Austria no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Austria

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2021

Father's Leave Act

07/01/2019

12/01/2019

Positive

Austria introduced 30 days of paid paternity leave.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1972

Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor

07/15/1970

01/01/1971

Positive

Azerbaijan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor

07/15/1970

Negative

Azerbaijan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1973

Labor Code of the Azerbaijan Republic

12/10/1971

06/01/1972

Positive

Azerbaijan no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1973

Labor Code of the Azerbaijan Republic

12/10/1971

06/01/1972

Positive

Azerbaijan prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1994

Law Of Azerbaijan Republic On Citizens' Provision Of Pensions

09/23/1992

01/01/1993

Positive

Azerbaijan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2001

Labor Code of the Azerbaijan Republic

02/01/1999

07/01/1999

Positive

Azerbaijan introduced paid parental leave.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2008

Social Benefits Law

10/10/2006

Positive

Azerbaijan introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2008

Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Guarantees of Gender (Men and Women) Equality

10/10/2006

Positive

Azerbaijan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2012

The Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Prevention of Domestic Violence

06/22/2010

Positive

Azerbaijan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1973

National Insurance Act

12/12/1971

Positive

The Bahamas introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1984

Matrimonial Causes Act, Ch. 125

01/01/1983

Positive

The Bahamas amended the Matrimonial Causes Act to recognize the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1986

National Insurance (Benefits and Assistance) Regulations

06/06/1984

10/01/1984

Positive

The Bahamas explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1989

Employment Act, Ch. 321A

03/29/1988

Positive

The Bahamas prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1993

Domestic Violence (Protection Orders) Act

07/29/1991

08/02/1991

Positive

The Bahamas enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1993

Sexual Offences Act

07/29/1991

08/02/1991

Positive

The Bahamas enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2003

Inheritance Act (No. 3 of 2002)

01/31/2002

02/01/2002

Positive

The Bahamas equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2003

Employment Act, Ch. 321A

12/31/2001

Positive

The Bahamas prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

1978

Amiri Decree-Law No. 23 of 1976

06/01/1976

08/15/1976

Positive

Bahrain prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1978

The Decree-Law promulgating the Law on Social Insurance

06/29/1976

08/15/1976

Positive

Bahrain introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

1995

Labour Law for the Private Sector

10/04/1993

Positive

Bahrain introduced paid paternity leave.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2007

Law No. 21 of 2015, amending Passport Law No. 11 of 1975

07/13/2005

07/14/2005

Positive

Bahrain amended its Passport Law which no longer requires a married woman her husband's consent when applying for a passport.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2014

Law No. 36 of 2012 The promulgation of the Labor Law in the private sector

07/26/2012

Positive

Bahrain prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2017

Law No. 17 of 2015 on Protection from Domestic Violence

05/08/2015

08/13/2015

Positive

Bahrain enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2019

Family Law No. 19 of 2017

07/19/2017

08/01/2017

Positive

Bahrain began allowing women to be head of household.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2020

Decree Law No. 59 of 2018 amending some provisions of Labor Code No. 36 of 2012

11/02/2018

11/29/2018

Positive

Bahrain enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

2021

Central Bank of Bahrain's Directive No. OG/293/2020

08/26/2020

Positive

Bahrain made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2021

Ministerial Order No. 32 of 2013

10/18/2019

Positive

Bahrain eliminated restrictions on women's employment in arduous jobs.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2021

Social Insurance Organization Decision No. (1) of 2020

08/27/2020

08/29/2020

Positive

Bahrain explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension
benefits.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2022

Law No. 36 of 2012 The promulgation of the Labor Law in the private sector

08/05/2021

08/06/2021

Positive

Bahrain mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night. It also repealed provisions giving the relevant authority the power to prohibit or restrict women from working in certain jobs or industries.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2023

Law No. 14 of 2022 amending the some provisions of the Social Security Law issued by Decree Law No. 24 of 1976

04/18/2022

05/24/2022

Positive

Bahrain equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Bangladesh

South Asia

Mobility

1974

Bangladesh Passport Order of 1973

02/08/1973

Positive

Bangladesh introduced new legislation which no longer requires a married woman her husband's information when applying for a passport.

Bangladesh

South Asia

Parenthood

2008

Labor Act

10/11/2006

Positive

Bangladesh increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Bangladesh

South Asia

Pay

2008

Labor Act

10/11/2006

Positive

Bangladesh lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Bangladesh

South Asia

Workplace

2010

Supreme Court of Bangladesh, BNWLA v. Government of Bangladesh, 14 May 2009, Petition No. 5916 of 2008

05/14/2009

Positive

Bangladesh enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Bangladesh

South Asia

Marriage

2012

Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act, 2010

10/11/2010

10/12/2010

Positive

Bangladesh enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Barbados

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1978

Employment of Women (Maternity Leave) Act, Chapter 345A

07/19/1976

Positive

Barbados prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Barbados

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1981

Domicile Reform Act, Cap. 213

01/01/1980

Positive

Barbados introduced the Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Barbados

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1983

Family Law (Amendment) Act

02/01/1982

Positive

Barbados' new Family Law Act explicitly recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Barbados

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1993

Domestic Violence (Protection Orders) Act, Cap. 130A

02/13/1992

Positive

Barbados enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Barbados

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2019

Employment Sexual Harassment (Prevention) Act, 2017

10/27/2017

12/15/2017

Positive

Barbados enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Barbados

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2021

Employment (Prevention of Discrimination) Act

08/05/2020

Positive

Barbados prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus

07/15/1970

Negative

Belarus set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1972

Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus

07/15/1971

01/01/1971

Positive

Belarus prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1974

Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus dated 06/23/1972

06/23/1972

Positive

Belarus prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1993

Law on Pensions

04/17/1992

01/01/1993

Positive

Belarus explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1995

Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus

12/15/1992

01/15/1993

Positive

Belarus introduced paid parental leave.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

1996

Constitution of the Republic of Belarus

03/15/1994

03/30/1994

Positive

Belarus mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1996

Constitution of the Republic of Belarus

11/11/1994

Positive

Belarus no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2001

Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus

07/26/1999

01/01/2000

Positive

Belarus lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2015

Law on Basic Activities Aimed at Offence Prevention

01/04/2014

04/16/2014

Positive

Belarus enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Marriage

1973

Civil Code

05/15/1972

Positive

Belgium abolished a waiting period for remarriage, giving women the same rights to remarry as men.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Assets

1978

Civil Code

07/14/1976

Positive

Belgium granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1978

Civil Code

07/14/1976

Positive

Belgium amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Mobility

1978

Civil Code

07/14/1976

Positive

Belgium introduced legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Workplace

1978

Civil Code

07/04/1976

Positive

Belgium allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1996

Royal Decree implementing Articles 15, 16 and 17 of the Law of 26 July 1996 on the modernisation of social security and ensuring the viability of statutory pension schemes.

04/03/1995

05/10/1995

Positive

Belgium prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Pension

1998

Labor Law

12/23/1996

Positive

Belgium equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1999

Royal Decree on the introduction of a right to parental leave in the context of a career break

10/29/1997

Positive

Belgium introduced paid parental leave.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Workplace

2000

Law on equal treatment between men and women with regard to working conditions, access to employment and opportunities for promotion, access to a self-employed profession and supplementary social security schemes

05/07/1999

06/19/1999

Positive

Belgium prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Marriage

2004

Act on the allocation of family housing to a spouse or legal cohabitant who is a victim of physical violence by his or her partner, supplementing article 410 of the Criminal Code.

01/28/2003

02/12/2003

Positive

Belgium enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Workplace

2004

Law on the Welfare of Workers during the Performance of Their Work

06/11/2002

07/01/2002

Positive

Belgium enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2008

Law against the discrimination between men and women 10 May 2007

05/10/2007

Positive

Belgium introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Pay

2010

Collective Labor Agreement No. 25 of 15 October 1975 on equal pay for men and women, as amended by the collective Labor agreement No. 25 Bis of 19 December 2001 and No. 25 Ter of 9 July 2008

07/09/2008

Positive

Belgium mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value

Belgium

High income: OECD

Pension

2010

Collective Labor Agreement No. 25 of 15 October 1975 on equal pay for men and women, as amended by the collective Labor agreement No. 25 Bis of 19 December 2001 and No. 25 Ter of 9 July 2008

07/09/2008

Positive

Belgium equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Pay

2012

Law Related to Various Dispositions

04/28/2010

05/10/2010

Positive

Belgium eliminated restrictions on women's employment in mining. It also allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Belize

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1981

Social Security Act

10/04/1979

Positive

Belize began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Belize

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1982

Social Security Act

12/15/1980

06/01/1981

Positive

Belize introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Belize

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1994

Domestic Violence Act

12/23/1992

03/01/1993

Positive

Belize enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Belize

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1998

Protection Against Sexual Harassment Act Chapter 107

08/12/1996

10/01/1996

Positive

Belize enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Belize

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2002

Social Security Act

11/28/2000

01/01/2001

Positive

Belize increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Belize

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2003

Supreme Court of Judicature Act

02/23/2001

03/01/2001

Positive

Belize reformed its Supreme Court of Judicature Act to recognize the value of nonmonetary contributions, including "any contribution made in the capacity of housewife, homemaker or parent."

Belize

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2013

Labor (Amendment) Act, 2011

04/13/2011

Positive

Belize prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1974

Order No. 73-3 of January 17, 1973 establishing and organizing the Beninese Social Security Office.

01/12/1973

Positive

Benin introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1975

Order No. 74-38 of May 9, 1974, amending Order No. 33 PR/MFPT of September 28, 1967, establishing the Labor Code

05/09/1974

Positive

Benin prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1999

Act No. 98-004 of 27 January 1998 on the Labor Code.

01/27/1998

Positive

Benin mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1999

Act No. 98-004 of 27 January 1998 on the Labor Code.

01/27/1998

Positive

Benin prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2004

Law No. 98-019 on the Social Security Code in the Republic of Benin

03/21/2003

Negative

Benin enacted new legislation that obliges employers to pay a portion of maternity benefits along with the social security system.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2006

Law No. 2002 - 07 on the Persons and Family Code

08/24/2004

Positive

Benin's new Family and Personal Code granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. It also equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2006

Law No. 2002 - 07 on the Persons and Family Code

08/24/2004

Positive

Benin introduced a Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2006

Law No. 2002 - 07 on the Persons and Family Code

08/24/2004

Positive

Benin allowed women to be head of household.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2006

Law No. 2002 - 07 on the Persons and Family Code

06/14/2004

Positive

Benin allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2008

Act No. 2006-19 on the suppression of sexual harassment and the protection of victims in the Republic of Benin

07/17/2006

09/05/2006

Positive

Benin enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2013

Act No. 2011-26 of 9 January 2012 on the prevention and punishment of violence against women

09/27/2011

01/09/2012

Positive

Benin enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2021

Circular Note - Procedural Relief

12/08/2019

Positive

Benin allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2022

Inter-Ministerial Order 2021-096/MPMEPE/MTFP/MS/DC/SGM/DGT/DSSMST/DPEE/SA/012SGG21 establishing the nature of the work and the categories of businesses forbidden to pregnant women, nursing mothers and young people and the age limit to which the interdiction applies

08/26/2021

Positive

Benin removed restrictions on women’s employment in construction. Women can now work in industrial jobs in the same way as men.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2023

Order No. 2349-5 Prohibiting any discrimination based on sex in access to credit from credit institutions, financial institutions of a banking nature and decentralized financial systems

12/21/2021

Positive

Benin prohibited gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Bhutan

South Asia

Parenthood

2008

Labor and Employment Act 2007

01/04/2007

02/20/2007

Positive

Bhutan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Bhutan

South Asia

Pay

2008

Labor and Employment Act 2007

01/04/2007

02/20/2007

Positive

Bhutan mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Bhutan

South Asia

Workplace

2008

Labor and Employment Act 2007

01/04/2007

02/20/2007

Positive

Bhutan prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Bhutan

South Asia

Parenthood

2011

Acceptable Forms of Child Labour Regulation, 2009

11/11/2009

Positive

Bhutan introduced paid paternity leave.

Bhutan

South Asia

Marriage

2014

Domestic Violence Prevention Act 2013

01/01/2013

03/18/2013

Positive

Bhutan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1974

Law No. 603 Family Code

08/23/1972

04/02/1973

Positive

Bolivia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1974

Law No. 603 Family Code

08/23/1972

04/02/1973

Positive

Bolivia enacted a new Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1974

Law No. 603 Family Code

08/23/1972

04/02/1973

Positive

Bolivia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1974

Law No. 603 Family Code

08/23/1972

04/02/1973

Positive

Bolivia enacted a new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way a man.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1974

Family Code of 1972

08/23/1972

04/02/1973

Negative

Bolivia introduced a legal provision that allows a husband to object to his wife's work.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1989

Act No. 975, on employment security for pregnant women, of 2 March 1988

03/02/1988

Positive

Bolivia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1997

Law No. 1674 Against Family or Domestic Violence

12/15/1995

#N/A

Positive

Bolivia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2002

Supreme Decree No. 25851 Pensions Law

07/21/2000

Positive

Bolivia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2009

Law No. 3791 Universal Old Age Income

11/28/2007

01/01/2008

Positive

Bolivia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2010

Political Constitution of the Plurinational State of Bolivia

01/25/2009

02/07/2009

Positive

Bolivia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2012

Law No. 045 Against Racism and All Forms of Discrimination

10/08/2010

Positive

Bolivia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2012

Law No. 65 Pension Law

12/10/2010

Negative

Bolivia introduced an old-age pension system that sets unequal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2014

Supreme Decree No. 1212 - Paternity Leave

05/01/2012

05/02/2012

Positive

Bolivia introduced paid paternity leave.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2014

Law No. 348 to Guarantee Women a Life Free from Violence

03/09/2013

Positive

Bolivia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2016

Law No. 603 Family Code

11/19/2014

08/06/2015

Positive

Bolivia abolished a waiting period for remarriage, giving women the same rights to remarry as men.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2016

Political Constitution of the Plurinational State of Bolivia

06/10/2014

Positive

Bolivia lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night and in jobs deemed dangerous.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2016

Law No. 603 Family Code

11/19/2014

#N/A

Positive

Bolivia allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2000

Law on Pension and Disability Insurance of the Federation of Bosnia and Hertzegovina

07/23/1998

07/31/1998

Positive

Bosnia and Herzegovina equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. It no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2001

Labor Law of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

10/27/1999

Positive

Bosnia and Herzegovina introduced paid paternity leave.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2001

Labor Law of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

10/27/1999

11/04/1999

Positive

Bosnia and Herzegovina prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2004

Law on Gender Equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina

05/21/2003

Positive

Bosnia and Herzegovina mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2004

Law on Gender Equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina

05/21/2003

06/24/2003

Positive

Bosnia and Herzegovina enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2006

Law on Protection from Domestic Violence in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

03/29/2005

04/07/2005

Positive

Bosnia and Herzegovina enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2011

Law on Pension and Disability Insurance of the Federation of Bosnia and Hertzegovina

03/25/2010

Positive

Bosnia and Herzegovina's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2017

Law on Pension and Disability Insurance of the Federation of Bosnia and Hertzegovina

01/09/2009

12/31/2015

Positive

Bosnia and Herzegovina no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2018

Labor Law of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

03/31/2016

04/12/2016

Positive

Bosnia and Herzegovina allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2019

Law on Pension and Disability Insurance of the Federation of Bosnia and Hertzegovina

02/21/2018

Negative

Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted a new law that allows women and men to retire with partial benefits at ages 56 and 61 respectively. The ages are set to equalize in 2026.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1972

Succession (Rights of the Surviving Spouse and Inheritance Family Provisions) Act

12/14/1970

Positive

Botswana equalized inheritance rights for male and female surviving spouses.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1994

Employment (Amendment) Act 1992. No. 26.

09/05/1992

10/09/1992

Positive

Botswana lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night and eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1997

Universal Pension and Orphan Care Act 1996

01/01/1996

Positive

Botswana introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2006

Abolition of Marital Power Act

05/01/2005

Positive

Botswana granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. It also abolished marital power, granting spouses equal administrative authority over assets during the marriage.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2006

Abolition of Marital Power Act

05/01/2005

Positive

Botswana abolished its marital power provision allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2006

Abolition of Marital Power Act

05/01/2005

Positive

Botswana allowed women to be head of household.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2006

Abolition of Marital Power Act

05/01/2005

Positive

Botswana introduced new legislation abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2006

Abolition of Marital Power Act

05/01/2005

Positive

Botswana allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2009

Domestic Violence Act

04/30/2008

Positive

Botswana enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1976

Law No. 6.136, of November 7, 1974

11/07/1974

01/09/1975

Positive

Brazil began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1975

Law No. 5.890, of June 8, 1973

06/30/1973

Negative

Brazil set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1979

Civil Code

12/26/1977

12/27/1977

Positive

Brazil legalized divorce. The process is the same for women and men.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1990

Constitution of the Federal Republic of Brazil

10/08/1988

Positive

Brazil increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1991

Law No. 7855 of October of 1989

10/24/1989

Positive

Brazil allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and ifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1991

Law No. 7855 of October of 1989

10/24/1989

01/11/2003

Positive

Brazil allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2000

Decree No. 3048/1999 - Social Security Regulation

05/31/1999

Positive

Brazil explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2000

Decree-Law No. 5452/1943 - Consolidation of Brazilian Labor Laws

05/26/1999

Positive

Brazil prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2002

Decree-Law No. 2848/1940 - Criminal Code

05/15/2001

Positive

Brazil enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2003

Civil Code

01/10/2002

01/12/2003

Positive

Brazil granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2003

Civil Code

01/10/2002

01/12/2003

Positive

Brazil introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to register a business in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2003

Civil Code

01/10/2002

01/12/2003

Positive

Brazil allowed women to be head of household. Brazil gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

2003

Civil Code

01/10/2002

01/12/2003

Positive

Brazil introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2008

Law No. 11340 - Maria da Penha Law (Domestic Violence)

08/07/2006

09/22/2006

Positive

Brazil enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2021

Decree No. 10.410/2020, of June 30, 2020

06/30/2020

Positive

Brazil eliminated the possibility to retire with partial pension benefits. Previously, the ages at which men and women could retire with partial pension benefits were unequal.

Brunei Darussalam

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1985

Old Age and Disability Pensions Cap 18

01/01/1984

Positive

Brunei Darussalam explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Brunei Darussalam

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

2001

Islamic Family Law

03/26/2001

Positive

Brunei Darussalam recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Brunei Darussalam

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2001

Married Women Act

07/07/1999

08/01/1999

Positive

Brunei Darussalam enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Brunei Darussalam

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2011

Employment Order, 2009

09/03/2009

Positive

Brunei Darussalam eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and at night in industrial undertakings. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1988

Labor Code

03/24/1986

01/01/1987

Positive

Bulgaria prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2002

Labor Code

03/16/2001

03/31/2001

Positive

Bulgaria introduced paid parental leave.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2002

Labor Code

03/16/2001

03/31/2001

Positive

Bulgaria mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2005

Protection Against Discrimination Act

09/30/2003

01/01/2004

Positive

Bulgaria made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2005

Labor Code

01/08/2004

Positive

Bulgaria prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2005

Protection Against Discrimination Act

09/30/2003

01/01/2004

Positive

Bulgaria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2006

Protection Against Domestic Violence Act

03/29/2005

04/01/2005

Positive

Bulgaria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2006

Labor Code

06/18/2004

08/01/2004

Positive

Bulgaria lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2010

Labor Code

12/19/2008

01/01/2009

Positive

Bulgaria introduced paid paternity leave.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2012

Labor Code

06/08/2010

06/18/2010

Negative

Bulgaria set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2017

Decree RD-07-4 of 15 June 2015

06/15/2015

Positive

Bulgaria eliminated restrictions on women's employment in certain industries by limiting them to pregnant and nursing women.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2017

Social Insurance Code

07/28/2015

01/01/2016

Negative

Bulgaria set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1991

Zatu an VII 13 of 16 November 1989 on the establishment and implementation of a code of persons and the family in Burkina Faso

11/16/1989

08/04/1990

Positive

Burkina Faso granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1991

Zatu an VII 13 of 16 November 1989 on the establishment and implementation of a code of persons and the family in Burkina Faso

11/16/1989

08/04/1990

Positive

Burkina Faso enacted a Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1991

Zatu an VII 13 of 16 November 1989 on the establishment and implementation of a code of persons and the family in Burkina Faso

11/16/1989

08/04/1990

Positive

Burkina Faso allowed women to be head of household.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1991

Zatu an VII 13 of 16 November 1989 on the establishment and implementation of a code of persons and the family in Burkina Faso

11/16/1989

08/04/1990

Positive

Burkina Faso allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1994

Law no. 11-92 Labour Code

12/22/1992

01/07/1993

Positive

Burkina Faso prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1994

Law no. 11-92 Labour Code

12/22/1992

01/07/1993

Positive

Burkina Faso lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1994

Law no. 11-92 Labour Code

12/22/1992

Positive

Burkina Faso prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2006

Law No. 033-2004 Labor Code of Burkina Faso

09/14/2004

10/29/2004

Positive

Burkina Faso enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2019

Law No. 025-2018/AN, containing the Penal Code

05/31/2018

Positive

Burkina Faso made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2020

Law No. 025-2018/AN, containing the Penal Code

05/31/2018

Positive

Burkina Faso enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1973

Ministerial Order No. 110/172 - Duration of Vacation Leave with Pay and Circumstantial Leave

11/18/1971

Positive

Burundi introduced paid paternity leave.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1994

Decree-Law No. 1/024 - Reform of the Persons and Family Code

04/28/1993

Positive

Burundi no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. Burundi allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1994

Decree-Law No. 1/024 - Reform of the Persons and Family Code

04/28/1993

Positive

Burundi introduced a new Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1994

Decree-Law No. 1/024 - Reform of the Persons and Family Code

04/28/1993

Positive

Burundi allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1995

Decree Law No 1/037 of July 7, 1993 on the revision of the Burundian Labor Code

07/07/1993

Positive

Burundi prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1995

Decree-Law No. 1-037 of July 7, 1993.

07/07/1993

Positive

Burundi prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2010

Law Num 1/05 of April 22, 2009 on the revision of the Penal Code

04/22/2009

Positive

Burundi enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2010

Law Num 1/05 of April 22, 2009 on the revision of the Penal Code

09/20/2008

04/22/2009

Positive

Burundi enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2022

Law No. 1/11 of November 24, 2020 revising the Decree Law No. 1/037 of July 7, 1993 revising the Labor Code of Burundi

11/24/2020

Positive

Burundi mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1983

Civil Code

06/20/1981

Positive

Cabo Verde granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1983

Decree-Law 58-81 of June 20, 1981

06/20/1981

Positive

Cabo Verde amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1983

Decree-Law 58-81 of June 20, 1981

06/20/1981

Positive

Cabo Verde allowed women to be head of household.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1983

Decree-Law 58-81 of June 20, 1981

06/20/1981

Positive

Cabo Verde amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1983

Decree-Law 58-81 of June 20, 1981

06/20/1981

Positive

Cabo Verde allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1984

Decree-Law No. 50/2009 Amending Decree-Law 05/2004

12/24/1982

Positive

Cabo Verde introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1999

Civil Code

06/30/1997

Positive

Cabo Verde gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2005

Penal Code

11/18/2003

07/01/2004

Positive

Cabo Verde's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2005

Act No. 84/VII/2011 on Gender Based Violence

11/18/2003

03/01/2004

Positive

Cabo Verde enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2005

Decree-Law No. 5/2004 - Social Security

02/16/2004

Positive

Cabo Verde explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2005

Penal Code

07/21/2003

11/18/2003

Positive

Cabo Verde enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2009

Legislative-Decree No. 5/2007 - Labor Code

09/16/2007

04/16/2008

Positive

Cabo Verde prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2009

Legislative-Decree No. 5/2007 - Labor Code

10/16/2007

Positive

Cabo Verde prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

1991

Civil Code of Cambodia

07/17/1989

Positive

Cambodia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1995

Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia

09/21/1993

Positive

Cambodia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1998

Labor Law

03/13/1997

Positive

Cambodia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2007

Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and the Protection of Victims

10/24/2005

Positive

Cambodia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

1998

Labor Code 1997

03/13/1997

Positive

Cambodia lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

2011

Criminal Code

11/30/2009

Positive

Cambodia's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2011

Criminal Code

11/30/2009

Positive

Cambodia adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

2022

Sub-Degree No. 32 On The Social Security Scheme of Pension Money Section For The Persons Who Are Under the Provisions of Labor Law

03/04/2021

Positive

Cambodia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Cameroon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1994

Labor Code

08/14/1992

Positive

Cameroon prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Cameroon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2018

Law No. 2016/007 of 12 July 2016 on the Penal Code

07/12/2016

Positive

Cameroon prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Canada

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1973

Employment Insurance Act

06/23/1971

06/27/1971

Positive

Canada increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Canada

High income: OECD

Assets

1976

Family Law Act

07/03/1975

Positive

Canada enacted the Family Law Reform Act, recognizing the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Canada

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1978

Canadian Human Rights Act

08/10/1977

03/01/1978

Positive

Canada introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Canada

High income: OECD

Mobility

1979

Family Law Act

03/16/1978

03/31/1978

Positive

Canada enacted the Family Reform Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Canada

High income: OECD

Pension

1979

Canada Pension Plan

01/01/1983

Positive

Canada explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Canada

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1986

Canada Labor Code

06/07/1985

Positive

Canada prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Canada

High income: OECD

Workplace

1986

Canadian Human Rights Act

#N/A

Positive

Canada enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Canada

High income: OECD

Pay

1988

Ontario Pay Equity Act Cap P7, 1990

01/01/1987

01/01/1988

Positive

Canada mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Canada

High income: OECD

Marriage

1991

Family Law Act

#N/A

Positive

Canada enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Canada

High income: OECD

Workplace

1991

Ontario Human Rights Code

#N/A

Positive

Canada adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Canada

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1992

Employment Insurance Act

12/31/1990

Positive

Canada introduced paid parental leave.

Canada

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2020

Employment Insurance Act

02/27/2018

03/17/2019

Positive

Canada introduced a new parental leave sharing benefit that reserves 35 days of paid parental leave for the father.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1977

Collective Trade Agreement of the Central African Republic

12/01/1975

Positive

The Central African Republic introduced paid paternity leave.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1999

Law No. 97-013 on the Family Code

11/11/1997

Positive

Central African Republic granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1999

Law No. 97-013 on the Family Code

11/11/1997

Positive

Central African Republic introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without the representation of her husband.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1999

Law No. 10.001 of 6 January 2010 on the Central African Republic Penal Code\

11/11/1997

Positive

The Central African Republic gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1999

Law No. 97-013 on the Family Code

11/11/1997

Positive

The Central African Republic allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2008

Law No. 06.032 of 27 December 2006 on the protection of women against violence in the Central African Republic

12/27/2006

09/01/2007

Positive

Central African Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2008

Decree No. 09.116 establishing the modalities of application of Law No. 06.035 of 28 December 2006 on the Social Security Code of the Central African Republic

12/28/2006

Positive

The Central African Republic equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2008

Law No. 06.032 of 27 December 2006 on the protection of women against violence in the Central African Republic

12/27/2006

09/01/2007

Positive

The Central African Republic enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2010

Act establishing the Labor Code of the Central African Republic

01/29/2009

Positive

The Central African Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Chad

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1979

Decree No. 99/P/CSM of 26 April 1978 on the organization of the pension insurance scheme

04/26/1978

01/01/1978

Positive

Chad introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Chad

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1998

Act No. 038/PR/96 of 11 December 1996 on the Labor Code

12/11/1996

Positive

Chad prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Chad

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1998

Act No. 038/PR/96 of 11 December 1996 on the Labor Code

12/11/1996

Positive

Chad mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Chad

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1998

Act No. 038/PR/96 of 11 December 1996 on the Labor Code

12/11/1996

Positive

Chad prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Chad

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2018

Law No. 001/PR/2017 of 8 May 2017 on the Penal Code

05/08/2017

Positive

Chad enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Chad

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2018

Law No. 001/PR/2017 of 8 May 2017 on the Penal Code

05/08/2017

Positive

Chad enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Chile

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1974

Law No. 17928 of 1973 amended the Labor Code

04/12/1973

Positive

Chile increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Chile

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1991

Civil Code

06/09/1989

Positive

Chile amended its Civil Code abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Chile

High income: OECD

Marriage

1991

Civil Code

06/09/1989

Positive

Chile no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Chile

High income: OECD

Mobility

1991

Civil Code

06/09/1989

Positive

Chile amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Chile

High income: OECD

Workplace

1991

Law No. 18802 amended Civil Code

05/23/1989

06/09/1989

Positive

Chile allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Chile

High income: OECD

Pay

1995

Law 19250 AMENDS BOOKS I, II AND V OF THE LABOR CODE, ARTICLE 2472 OF THE CIVIL CODE AND OTHER LEGAL TEXTS

09/23/1993

12/01/1993

Positive

Chile allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

Chile

High income: OECD

Workplace

2003

Law 19759 of 2001

09/27/2001

11/01/2001

Positive

Chile prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Chile

High income: OECD

Workplace

2006

Law No. 20005 - Sexual Harassment

03/08/2005

03/18/2005

Positive

Chile enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Chile

High income: OECD

Marriage

2007

Law No. 20066 - Intrafamiliar Violence Law

09/22/2005

10/07/2005

Positive

Chile enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Chile

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2007

Ordinance Nº 3846-104 of 2005

09/05/2005

Positive

Chile introduced paid paternity leave.

Chile

High income: OECD

Pension

2009

Law No. 20255 - Social Security Reform

03/11/2008

Positive

Chile explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Chile

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2013

Law No. 20545 of 2011

10/17/2011

Positive

Chile introduced paid parental leave.

Chile

High income: OECD

Marriage

2021

Law 21.264 of 2021 Eliminating the Waiting Period for Remarrying

09/04/2020

Positive

Chile gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

China

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1990

Regulations on Labour Protection for Female Workers and Employees

06/28/1998

09/01/1988

Positive

China prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

China

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1996

Labor Law of the People's Republic of China (Consolidated)

01/01/1995

Positive

China prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

China

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2003

Measures of Shanghai Urban Maternity Insurance

10/10/2001

11/01/2001

Positive

China introduced a social security system that administers maternity benefits.

China

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2005

Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Population and Family Planning

12/31/2003

04/15/2004

Positive

China increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

China

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2007

Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests of the People's Republic of China

08/28/2005

12/01/2005

Positive

China enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

China

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

2009

Interim Measures of the State Council on Workers' Retirement and Resignation

06/29/2007

01/01/2008

Negative

China set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

China

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2013

Special Provisions on the Labor Protection of Female Employees

04/28/2012

Positive

China enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

China

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2023

Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Population and Family Planning 2022

11/25/2021

Positive

China introduced paid parental leave.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1976

Law No. 84 Civil Code

12/30/1974

02/06/1975

Positive

Colombia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1976

Law No. 84 Civil Code

12/30/1974

02/06/1975

Positive

Colombia reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1977

Law No. 84 Civil Code

01/19/1976

02/18/1976

Positive

Colombia allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1998

Law No. 294 of 1996 Prevention of intrafamiliar violence

07/16/1996

07/22/1996

Positive

Colombia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2002

Law No. 84 Civil Code

10/25/2000

Positive

Colombia gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2004

Law No. 755 of July 23 of 2002 on Paternity Leave (Ley Maria)

07/23/2002

Positive

Colombia introduced paid paternity leave.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2007

Law No. 1010 of 2006 on Sexual Harassment in Employment

01/23/2006

Positive

Colombia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2013

Labor Code

06/30/2011

Positive

Colombia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2013

Labor Code

12/29/2011

Positive

Colombia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2018

Labor Code

10/26/2016

Positive

Colombia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2022

Law Num. 2114 of July 29, 2021

07/29/2021

Positive

Colombia introduced paid parental leave.

Comoros

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1983

Act No. 84-10 of 15 May 1984 Act on civil status

02/18/1984

05/15/1984

Positive

Comoros increased the duration of paid maternity leave to 14 weeks.

Comoros

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1985

Act No. 84-10 of 15 May 1984 Act on civil status

02/18/1984

05/15/1984

Positive

Comoros prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Comoros

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1985

Act No. 84-108 on the Labor Code

02/18/1984

Positive

Comoros prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Comoros

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2014

Law No. 12 Repealing, Amending and Supplementing Certain Provisions of Law No. 84-108/pr on the Labor Code

06/28/2012

Positive

Comoros mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Comoros

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2014

Law No. 12 Repealing, Amending and Supplementing Certain Provisions of Law No. 84-108/pr on the Labor Code

06/28/2012

09/06/2012

Positive

Comoros enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Comoros

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2016

Decree No. 15 - 058/PR promulgating Law No. 14-036/AU of 22 December 2014 on the prevention and repression of violence against women in the Union of the Comoros

12/22/2014

05/02/2015

Positive

Comoros enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Comoros

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2016

Decree No. 14-176/PR

12/05/2014

Positive

Comoros introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1989

Act No. 87.010 of 1 August 1987 on the Family Code

08/01/1987

08/01/1988

Positive

The Democratic Republic of Congo equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1989

Act No. 87.010 of 1 August 1987 on the Family Code

08/01/1987

08/01/1988

Negative

The Democratic Republic of Congo introduced a new family law that obliges a married woman to obey her husband.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2000

Act No. 02-15 of 16 October 2002 on the Labor Code

10/16/2002

10/25/2002

Positive

The Democratic Republic of Congo increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2004

Act No. 02-15 of 16 October 2002 on the Labor Code

10/16/2002

10/25/2002

Positive

The Democratic Republic of Congo prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2004

Act No. 02-15 of 16 October 2002 on the Labor Code

10/16/2002

10/25/2002

Positive

The Democratic Republic of Congo lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2004

Act No. 02-15 of 16 October 2002 on the Labor Code

10/16/2002

10/25/2002

Positive

The Democratic Republic of Congo enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2017

Law No. 15/013 of 1 August 2015 on the Implementation of Women's Rights and Parity

08/01/2015

Positive

The Democratic Republic of Congo introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2017

Law No. 15/013 of 1 August 2015 on the Implementation of Women's Rights and Parity

08/01/2015

Positive

The Democratic Republic of Congo prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2018

Law No 16/008 Amending and Complementing Law No. 87-010 of August 1, 1987 on the Family Code

07/15/2016

Positive

The Democratic Republic of Congo amended its Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2018

Law No 16/008 Amending and Complementing Law No. 87-010 of August 1, 1987 on the Family Code

07/15/2016

Positive

The Democratic Republic of Congo no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2018

Law No 16/008 Amending and Complementing Law No. 87-010 of August 1, 1987 on the Family Code

07/15/2016

Positive

The Democratic Republic of Congo reformed its Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2018

Law No. 16-010 of July 15, 2016 amending and supplementing Law No. 15-2002 on the labor code

07/15/2016

Positive

The Democratic Republic of Congo eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2018

Law No 16/008 Amending and Complementing Law No. 87-010 of August 1, 1987 on the Family Code

07/15/2016

Positive

The Democratic Republic of Congo allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2020

Law No. 16-009 establishing the rules relating to the general social security scheme

07/15/2016

07/15/2018

Positive

The Democratic Republic of Congo introduced social insurance maternity benefits. Maternity leave is now paid by the government instead of the employer.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2020

Law No. 16-009 establishing the rules relating to the general social security scheme

07/15/2016

07/15/2018

Positive

The Democratic Republic of Congo equalized the retirement age (60 years) for women and men and established pension credits for periods of child care.

Congo, Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1986

Law NO. 073/84 OF 17/10/1984 ON THE FAMILY CODE

10/17/1984

Positive

Congo, Rep. introduced a Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.

Congo, Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1986

Law NO. 073/84 OF 17/10/1984 ON THE FAMILY CODE

10/17/1984

Positive

Congo, Rep. allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Congo, Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1987

Act No. 004-86 of 25 February 1986 on the Social Security Code

02/25/1986

Positive

Congo, Rep. explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Congo, Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2023

Law No. 19-2022 on the fight against violence against women in the Republic of Congo

05/04/2022

05/19/2022

Positive

The Republic of Congo enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Congo, Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2023

Law No. 19-2022 on the fight against violence against women in the Republic of Congo

05/04/2022

05/19/2022

Positive

The Republic of Congo enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment, including criminal penalties for such conduct.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1975

Family Code

12/21/1973

08/05/1974

Positive

Costa Rica introduced divorce by mutual consent. The process is equal for women and men. Also, it no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1975

Family Code

12/21/1973

08/05/1974

Positive

Costa Rica allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1987

Law No. 2/1943 Labor Code

04/23/1986

Positive

Costa Rica increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1996

Law No. 2/1943 Labor Code

04/19/1995

Positive

Costa Rica explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1996

Law No. 7476/1995 - Law against Sexual Harassment in Employment and Education

03/02/1995

03/03/1995

Positive

Costa Rica enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1997

Law No. 7586/1996 - Domestic Violence

04/10/1996

05/02/1996

Positive

Costa Rica enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2009

Family Code

02/14/2008

Positive

The Supreme Court of Costa Rica annulled a waiting period for women before remarriage.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2020

REFORM OF Law No. 7142, Law FOR THE PROMOTION OF SOCIAL EQUALITY FOR WOMEN, OF MARCH 8, 1990

03/26/2019

Positive

Costa Rica mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2021

Law No. 2/1943 Labor Code

10/01/2019

10/29/2019

Positive

Costa Rica lifted the ban on women's night work.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2023

Law to combat labor discrimination against women in maternity condition

05/05/2022

Positive

Costa Rica introduced paid paternity leave.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2023

Freedom of Employment Choice of Women

03/07/2022

Positive

Costa Rica removed restrictions on women's employment in jobs deemed dangerous.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1985

Law No. 83-1983 amended Marriage Law of 1964

08/02/1983

Positive

Côte d'Ivoire amended its Marriage Law allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1996

Law No. 95-15 of January 12, 1995 Establishing the Labor Code

01/12/1995

Positive

Côte d'Ivoire prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1996

Law No. 95-15 of January 12, 1995 Establishing the Labor Code

01/12/1995

Positive

Côte d'Ivoire mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1996

Law No. 95-15 of January 12, 1995 Establishing the Labor Code

01/12/1995

Positive

Côte d'Ivoire prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2000

Law No. 81-640 Of July 31, 1981 Establishing the Penal Code

12/23/1998

Positive

Côte d'Ivoire enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2014

Law No. 2013 of January 25, 2013 Repealing Article 53 and Modifying Articles 58, 59, 60 and 67 of Law No. 64-64-375 of October 7, 1964 relating to Marriage as Amended by Law No. 83-800

01/25/2013

Positive

Côte d'Ivoire allowed women to be head of household.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2014

Interministerial Order No. 022/MEMIS/MEMAE/MPMEF of January 14, 2013, amending Article 4 of Order No. 165/MI/MEF of May 15, 2008 setting, for applications made in Cote d'Ivoire, the conditions for the establishment and issuance of the ordinary national passport

01/14/2013

Positive

Côte d'Ivoire allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men. It also allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2014

Law No. 2013 of January 25, 2013 Repealing Article 53 and Modifying Articles 58, 59, 60 and 67 of Law No. 64-64-375 of October 7, 1964 relating to Marriage as Amended by Law No. 83-800

01/25/2013

Positive

Côte d'Ivoire allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2019

Decree No. 2018-272 of 7 March 2018 on work forbidden to women and pregnant women

03/07/2018

Negative

Ivory Coast introduced restrictions for women's employment in certain industries, including mining.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2020

Law No. 2019-570 of 26 June 2019 relating to marriage

06/26/2019

Positive

Côte d’Ivoire granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2023

Law No. 2021-893 of 21 December 2021 modifying the Penal Code

12/21/2021

01/13/2022

Positive

Côte d'Ivoire prohibited gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2023

Law on measures for the protection of victims of domestic violence, rape and sexual violence other forms of violence

12/21/2021

12/21/2022

Positive

Côte d'Ivoire enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2023

Decree No. 2021-919 of 22 December 2021 concerning the protection of pregnant women in employment

12/22/2021

01/24/2022

Positive

Côte d'Ivoire eliminated all restrictions on women’s employment. Women can now work in industrial jobs and in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1991

Law on Labor Relations of 27 April 1990

04/27/1990

Positive

Croatia equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

1996

Labor Law

05/17/1995

01/01/1996

Positive

Croatia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1996

Labor Act (No. 758/95)

05/17/1995

01/01/1996

Positive

Croatia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2005

Law on Protection Against Domestic Violence

07/18/2003

07/30/2003

Positive

Croatia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2005

Law No. 114/03 on Amendments to the Labor Law

07/14/2003

07/16/2003

Positive

Croatia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2009

Law on Gender Equality

07/09/2008

07/15/2008

Positive

Croatia's Anti-Discrimination Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2010

Law on Maternal and Parental Benefits

07/15/2008

01/01/2009

Positive

Croatia introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2011

Labor Law

12/04/2009

01/01/2010

Positive

Croatia eliminated restrictions on women's employment in certain industries, including the mining and water industries. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1974

Social Insurance Law 2010 (59(I)/2010)

12/29/1972

Positive

Cyprus explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1988

Maternity Protection Law 1997 (100(I)/1997)

04/10/1987

05/27/1988

Positive

Cyprus prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1989

Maternity Protection Law 1997 (100(I)/1997)

05/27/1988

Positive

Cyprus increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

1991

Equal Pay between Men and Women for the Same Work or Work of Equal Value Law 2002 (177(I)/2002)

05/05/1989

05/05/1992

Positive

Cyprus mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Assets

1992

Law Regulating Property Relations of Spouses 1991 (232/1991)

06/13/1905

Positive

Cyprus recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

1996

Violence in the Family (Prevention and Protection of Victims) Law of 1994 (47(I)/1994)

06/17/1994

#N/A

Positive

Cyprus enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2004

Equal Treatment of Men and Women in Employment and Vocational Training Law 2002 (205(I)/2002)

12/06/2002

05/01/2004

Positive

Cyprus prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2009

Equal Treatment of Men and Women (Access to Goods and Services) Act 2008 (18(I)/2008)

05/02/2008

Positive

Cyprus introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2019

Protection of the Paternity Law 2017 (117(I)/2017)

07/24/2017

08/01/2017

Positive

Cyprus introduced 10 days of paid paternity leave.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Mobility

2022

Passport application form; Passport application procedures

10/26/2020

Positive

Cyprus allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men.

Czechia

High income: OECD

Pay

1981

Labor Code

12/31/1980

Positive

Czechia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Czechia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1992

Labor Code

09/18/1990

10/01/1990

Positive

Czechia introduced paid parental leave.

Czechia

High income: OECD

Pay

1996

Labor Code

05/31/1994

06/01/1994

Positive

Czechia lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Czechia

High income: OECD

Marriage

2007

Domestic Violence Act

04/14/2006

01/01/2007

Positive

Czechia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Czechia

High income: OECD

Workplace

2008

Labor Code

06/07/2006

01/01/2007

Positive

Czechia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Czechia

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2009

Anti-Discrimination Act

04/23/2008

Positive

Czechia's Anti-Discrimination Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Czechia

High income: OECD

Workplace

2010

Anti-Discrimination Act

06/29/2009

09/01/2009

Positive

Czechia enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Czechia

High income: OECD

Pay

2013

The Act Establishing the Conditions for the Protection of Health at Work

03/26/2012

04/01/2012

Positive

Czechia eliminated restrictions on women's employment in manufacturing.

Czechia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2019

Penal Code

05/01/2016

02/01/2018

Positive

Czechia introduced five days of paid paternity leave.

Czechia

High income: OECD

Workplace

2007

Labor Code

06/07/2006

01/01/2007

Positive

Czechia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Marriage

1971

Act on Marriage and Dissolution

06/04/1969

Positive

Denmark gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1986

Act on Equal treatment of men and women in employment and maternity leave, sickness or maternity benefits; Act on Law on Childcare leave

07/01/1984

Positive

Denmark introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1990

Act on Equal Treatment of Men and Women in Employment

04/19/1989

05/01/1989

Positive

Denmark prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Pension

1993

Labor Market Supplementary Pension Act of 10 October 2014

05/20/1992

Positive

Denmark explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Workplace

1999

Act No. 213 of 1998, Act on Equal Treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment and Maternity Leave

04/03/1998

Positive

Denmark prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Workplace

2001

Act No. 388 of 2000 on Equality Between Women and Men

05/30/2000

06/01/2000

Positive

Denmark enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2009

Act on Equality Between Women and Men

09/19/2007

Positive

Denmark introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Pay

2009

Act on Equal Pay for Men and Women

09/05/2008

Positive

Denmark mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Marriage

2013

Criminal Code

02/03/2012

03/01/2012

Positive

Denmark enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Djibouti

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1991

Law No. 154/AN/02/4th L codifying the functioning of the OPS and the general pension scheme for salaried workers

06/19/1989

Positive

Djibouti introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Djibouti

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

1996

Penal Code

01/05/1995

Positive

Djibouti's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Djibouti

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2006

Labor Code

01/28/2006

Positive

Djibouti prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Djibouti

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2007

Labor Code

01/28/2006

Positive

Djibouti mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Djibouti

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2010

Law No. 17/AN/08/6th L modifying the retirement age

10/11/2008

Positive

Djibouti equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Djibouti

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2019

Law No. 66/AN/719/8th L on the Protection, Prevention and Care of Women and Children Victims of Violence

04/12/2018

Positive

Djibouti enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Djibouti

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2020

Law No. 221/AN/17/8th L amending and supplementing Law No. 133/AN/05/5th L of 28 January 2006 establishing the Labor Code

06/25/2018

Positive

Djibouti enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Dominica

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1974

The Matrimonial Causes Act of 1973

05/23/1973

01/01/1974

Positive

Dominica recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Dominica

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1974

The Matrimonial Causes Act of 1973

05/23/1973

01/01/1974

Positive

Dominica allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Dominica

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1975

The Domicile and Matrimonial Proceedings Act of 1973

07/25/1973

01/01/1974

Positive

Dominica allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men.

Dominica

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1977

Social Security (Benefit) Regulations

01/29/1976

Positive

Dominica introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Dominica

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2003

Protection against Domestic Violence Act No. 22 of 2001

01/29/2002

01/31/2002

Positive

Dominica enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1980

Law No. 855 of 1977 amended the Labor Code

07/22/1978

Positive

Dominican Republic amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1980

Law No. 855 of 1977 amended the Labor Code

07/22/1978

Positive

Dominican Republic no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1980

Law No. 855 of 1977 amended the Labor Code

07/22/1978

Positive

Dominican Republic reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1980

Law No. 855 of 1977 amended the Labor Code

07/22/1978

#N/A

Positive

The Dominican Republic allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1993

Law No. 16-92 Labor Code

05/29/1992

Positive

The Dominican Republic introduced paid paternity leave.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1993

Law No. 16-92 Labor Code

05/29/1992

Positive

The Dominican Republic lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1993

Law No. 16-92 Labor Code

05/29/1992

05/31/1992

Positive

The Dominican Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1998

Law No. 24-97 on Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence

01/27/1997

01/28/1997

Positive

Dominican Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1998

Law No. 24-97 on Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence

01/27/1997

01/28/1997

Positive

The Dominican Republic adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2003

Law No. 189-01 (Amendment to Civil Code on Marital Regime)

11/22/2001

Positive

The Dominican Republic granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2016

Regulations on the Protection of Users of Financial Products and Services

02/05/2015

04/20/2015

Positive

Dominican Republic's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2016

Case TC/0070/15

04/16/2015

Positive

The Dominican Republic gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2018

Law No. 16-92 Labor Code

07/09/2014

02/09/2017

Positive

The Dominican Republic increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1972

Civil Code

11/20/1970

Positive

Ecuador removed provisions designating the husband as administrator of property, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1972

Civil Code

11/20/1970

Positive

Ecuador amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1972

Civil Code of 1970

11/20/1970

#N/A

Positive

Ecuador allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1990

Social Security Law

09/08/1988

Positive

Ecuador introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1991

Civil Code

08/18/1989

Positive

Ecuador no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1991

Civil Code

08/18/1989

Positive

Ecuador reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1997

Law No. 103 of 1995 on Violence against Women and the Family

12/11/1995

Positive

Ecuador enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2000

Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador

06/05/1998

Positive

Ecuador mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2000

Penal Code of 1971

07/21/1998

Positive

Ecuador enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2003

Social Security Law

11/30/2001

Positive

Ecuador explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2007

Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador

12/16/2005

01/01/2006

Positive

Ecuador introduced paid paternity leave.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2010

Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador

09/28/2008

10/20/2008

Positive

Ecuador prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2017

Civil Code

06/16/2015

06/19/2015

Positive

Ecuador amended its Civil Code to allow women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. A waiting period for women of 300 days before remarriage was also abolished.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

1987

Egypt's Personal Status Law No. 100 of 1985

07/03/1985

05/16/1985

Negative

Egypt, Arab Rep. introduced a new personal status law that obliges a married woman to obey her husband.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2004

Labor Law No. 12 of 2003

04/07/2003

Positive

Egypt, Arab Rep. prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1997

Law No. 12 of 1996 Promulgating the Child Law Amended by Law No. 126 of 2008

03/25/1996

Positive

Egypt, Arab Rep. explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2002

Egypt’s Supreme Constitutional Court’s Decision No. 243 for Judicial Year No. 21

11/04/2000

Positive

Egypt, Arab Rep.'s Constitutional Court Decision removed restriction for a married woman to travel abroad without her husband's permission.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2004

Labor Law No. 12 of 2003

04/07/2003

Positive

Egypt, Arab Rep. prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2016

Law No. 50 of 2014 amending Some Provisions of the Penal Code Promulgated by Law No. 58 of 1937

06/05/2014

06/06/2014

Positive

Egypt, Arab Rep. enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

2022

The Central Bank of Egypt’s Circular of April 22, 2021

04/22/2021

Positive

Egypt, Arab Rep. made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2022

Prime Minister's Decision No. 827 of 2021 to Establish Units of Violence against Women

04/18/2021

Positive

Egypt, Arab Rep. enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1995

Family Code

10/11/1993

10/01/1994

Positive

El Salvador recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1995

Family Code

10/11/1993

10/01/1994

Positive

El Salvador no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. El Salvador allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1995

Family Code

10/11/1993

10/01/1994

Positive

El Salvador introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1995

Labor Code

04/29/1994

05/20/1994

Positive

El Salvador prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1998

Domestic Violence Act

12/20/1996

12/28/1996

Positive

El Salvador enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1998

Pension Savings System Act

12/20/1996

12/28/1996

Positive

El Salvador explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1998

Penal Code

04/26/1997

06/10/1997

Positive

El Salvador enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2007

Decree No. 776 Law on Consumer Protection

08/18/2005

10/08/2005

Positive

El Salvador enacted a new Consumer Protection Law that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2009

Social Security Act

12/20/2007

01/01/2008

Positive

El Salvador began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2014

Decree Num. 376 that reforms the Labor Code

05/28/2013

06/08/2013

Positive

El Salvador introduced paid paternity leave.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2017

Labor Code

10/23/2015

02/23/2016

Positive

El Salvador increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Equatorial Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1985

Decree No. 100/1990 of 28 September 1990 approving the regulations of the general social security scheme

03/10/1984

Positive

Equatorial Guinea began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Equatorial Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1985

Decree No. 100/1990 of 28 September 1990 approving the regulations of the general social security scheme

03/10/1984

Positive

Equatorial Guinea introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Equatorial Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1991

Law No. 10/2.012, dated 24 December, on the Reform of the General Labor Law

01/04/1990

03/04/1990

Positive

Equatorial Guinea prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Equatorial Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1991

Law No. 2/1990, dated January 4, on General Labor Regulations

01/04/1990

01/11/2003

Positive

Equatorial Guinea prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Equatorial Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2014

Law No. 10/2.012, dated 24 December, on the Reform of the General Labor Law

12/24/2012

03/27/2012

Positive

Equatorial Guinea introduced paid paternity leave.

Equatorial Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2014

Law No. 10/2.012, dated 24 December, on the Reform of the General Labor Law

12/24/2012

03/27/2012

Positive

Equatorial Guinea mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Eritrea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1993

Transitional Civil Code of Eritrea of 1991

09/15/1991

Positive

Eritrea granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Eritrea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1993

Transitional Civil Code of Eritrea of 1991

09/15/1991

Positive

Eritrea allowed women to be head of household. Eritrea no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Eritrea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1993

Transitional Civil Code of Eritrea of 1991

09/15/1991

Positive

Eritrea introduced the Transitional Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Eritrea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1994

Labor Proclamation of Eritrea

01/20/1993

Positive

Eritrea prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Eritrea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1994

Labour Proclamation No. 42/1993

01/20/1993

Negative

Eritrea prohibited women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Eritrea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2003

Labor Proclamation of Eritrea

11/15/2001

Positive

Eritrea allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men and lifted restrictions on women's employment in industrial jobs.

Eritrea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1994

Labor Proclamation of Eritrea

01/20/1993

Positive

Eritrea prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Pension

1972

The Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of July 15, 1970 on the Approval of the Fundamentals of Labour Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics

07/15/1970

01/01/1971

Negative

Estonia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1972

The Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of July 15, 1970 on the Approval of the Fundamentals of Labour Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics

07/15/1970

01/01/1971

Positive

Estonia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1993

Employment Contracts Act of 15 April 1992

04/15/1992

07/03/1992

Positive

Estonia introduced paid parental leave.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Pay

1993

Employment Contracts Act of 15 April 1992

04/15/1992

07/03/1992

Positive

Estonia lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Pension

1993

Employment Contracts Act of 15 April 1992

04/15/1992

07/03/1992

Positive

Estonia no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2003

Employment Contracts Act

04/04/2001

01/01/2002

Positive

Estonia introduced paid paternity leave.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Pension

2003

State Pension Insurance Act

01/29/2003

03/10/2003

Positive

Estonia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Pay

2005

Gender Equality Act

04/07/2004

05/01/2004

Positive

Estonia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Workplace

2005

Gender Equality Act

04/07/2004

05/01/2004

Positive

Estonia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Pay

2010

Employment Contracts Act

12/12/2008

07/01/2009

Positive

Estonia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2011

Gender Equality Act

09/24/2009

Positive

Estonia's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Pension

2017

State Pension Insurance Act

12/05/2001

01/01/2017

Positive

Estonia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Eswatini

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1975

Swaziland National Provident Fund Order 1974. No. 23.

08/30/1974

02/01/1975

Positive

Eswatini introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Eswatini

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1982

Employment Act, 1980.

09/26/1980

01/01/1981

Positive

Eswatini prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Eswatini

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1982

Employment Act, 1980.

09/26/1980

Positive

Eswatini prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Eswatini

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2013

Deeds Registry (Amendment) Act

06/14/2012

07/02/2012

Positive

Eswatini granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Eswatini

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2020

Sexual Offences and Domestic Violence Act, 2018

06/28/2018

07/16/2018

Positive

Eswatini enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1994

Labour Proclamation No. 42/1993

01/20/1993

Positive

Ethiopia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1994

Labour Proclamation No. 42/1993

01/20/1993

Negative

Ethiopia prohibited women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1994

Labour Proclamation No. 42/1993

01/20/1993

Positive

Ethiopia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2002

Revised Family Code Proclamation of 2000

07/04/2000

Positive

Ethiopia's revised Family Code granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2002

Revised Family Code Proclamation of 2000

07/04/2000

Positive

Ethiopia allowed women to be head of household. Ethiopia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2002

Revised Family Code Proclamation of 2000

07/04/2000

Positive

Ethiopia introduced the Revised Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2006

Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

05/09/2005

Positive

Ethiopia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2013

Private Organization Employees Pension Proclamation No. 715/2011

06/24/2011

Positive

Ethiopia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2021

Labour Proclamation No.1156/2019

09/05/2019

Positive

Ethiopia increased paid maternity leave from 90 to 120 days and introduced 3 days of paid paternity leave.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2000

Human Rights Commission Act 1999

03/09/1999

Positive

Fiji enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

2005

Family Law Act 2003

11/01/2005

Positive

Fiji recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2009

Employment Relations Promulgation 2007

10/02/2007

Positive

Fiji prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2009

Employment Relations Promulgation 2007

10/02/2007

Positive

Fiji lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2009

Employment Relations Promulgation 2007

10/02/2007

Positive

Fiji prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2011

Domestic Violence Act 2009

08/14/2009

12/01/2009

Positive

Fiji enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2020

Employment Relations (Budget Amendment) Act 2018

07/13/2018

01/01/2019

Positive

Fiji introduced five days of paid paternity leave. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave from 84 to 98 days.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Mobility

2021

Travel Documents Regulations 2019

09/18/2019

Positive

Fiji allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men.

Finland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1976

Health Insurance Act 2004

07/01/1974

Positive

Finland increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Finland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1979

Law No. 72-1143 of December 22, 1972 on equal pay for men and women

03/01/1978

Positive

Finland introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Finland

High income: OECD

Pay

1987

Act on Equality between Men and Women

08/08/1986

01/01/1987

Positive

Finland mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Finland

High income: OECD

Workplace

1988

Act on Equality between Men and Women

08/08/1986

06/01/1988

Positive

Finland prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Finland

High income: OECD

Pay

1990

Law 1351/1988 on Amending the Working Time Act

12/29/1988

01/01/1989

Positive

Finland lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Finland

High income: OECD

Marriage

2000

Act on Restraining Orders

12/04/1998

01/01/1999

Positive

Finland enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Finland

High income: OECD

Pension

2005

Employee Pensions Act 2006

06/27/2003

01/01/2005

Positive

Finland explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Finland

High income: OECD

Workplace

2006

Act on Equality between Men and Women

04/14/2005

06/01/2005

Positive

Finland enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Finland

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2010

Act on Equality between Men and Women

12/19/2008

Positive

Finland' new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

France

High income: OECD

Marriage

1972

Civil Code

06/04/1970

01/01/1971

Positive

France allowed women to be head of household.

France

High income: OECD

Pay

1974

Law No. 72-1143 of December 22, 1972 on equal pay for men and women

12/22/1972

Positive

France mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

France

High income: OECD

Mobility

1977

Civil Code

07/11/1975

01/01/1976

Positive

France reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

France

High income: OECD

Workplace

1984

Law No. 82-689 of August 4, 1982 relating to the freedoms of workers in the company

08/04/1982

Positive

France prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

France

High income: OECD

Assets

1987

Civil Code

12/23/1985

07/01/1986

Positive

France granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

France

High income: OECD

Pension

1987

Social Security Code

12/30/1986

12/31/1986

Positive

France explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

France

High income: OECD

Pay

1989

Labor Code

06/19/1987

06/20/1987

Positive

France lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

France

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1994

Penal Code

07/22/1992

03/01/1994

Positive

France's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

France

High income: OECD

Workplace

1994

Penal Code; Labour Code

07/07/1992

07/23/1992

Positive

France enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

France

High income: OECD

Pay

2002

Labor Code

05/09/2001

Positive

France eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

France

High income: OECD

Marriage

2005

Civil Code

05/26/2004

01/01/2005

Positive

France gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

France

High income: OECD

Marriage

2007

Act No. 2010-769 of 9 July 2010 on violence specifically against women, violence within couples and its impact on children

04/04/2006

04/05/2006

Positive

France enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

France

High income: OECD

Pay

2008

Labor Code

03/12/2007

03/01/2008

Positive

France allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

France

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2016

Labor Code

08/09/2016

08/10/2016

Positive

France introduced paid parental leave.

Gabon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1985

Collective Agreement of the Trade Sector in Gabon

06/08/1983

Positive

Gabon introduced paid paternity leave.

Gabon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1996

Act No. 3/94 of 21 November 1994 on the Labor Code

11/21/1994

01/01/1995

Positive

Gabon prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Gabon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1996

Act No. 3/94 of 21 November 1994 on the Labor Code

11/21/1994

Positive

Gabon prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Gabon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2018

Law No. 10/2016 of September 5, 2016 to Combat Sexual Harassment in the Workplace

09/05/2016

Positive

Gabon enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Gabon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2022

Law N° 004/2021 of September 15, 2021 modifying certain provisions of Law N° 15/72 of July 29, 1972 on the Civil Code

09/15/2021

09/16/2021

Positive

Gabon granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Gabon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2022

Law N° 004/2021 of September 15, 2021 modifying certain provisions of Law N° 15/72 of July 29, 1972 on the Civil Code

09/15/2021

09/16/2021

Positive

Gabon allowed women to open a bank account in the same way as men and made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Gabon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2022

Law N° 004/2021 of September 15, 2021 modifying certain provisions of Law N° 15/72 of July 29, 1972 on the Civil Code

09/06/2021

09/16/2021

Positive

Gabon no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband and allows women to be head of household in the same way as men. Gabon also enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Gabon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2022

Law N° 004/2021 of September 15, 2021 modifying certain provisions of Law N° 15/72 of July 29, 1972 on the Civil Code

09/15/2021

09/16/2021

Positive

Gabon allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men.

Gabon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2022

Law N° 004/2021 of September 15, 2021 modifying certain provisions of Law N° 15/72 of July 29, 1972 on the Civil Code

09/15/2021

09/16/2021

Positive

Gabon allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Gabon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2023

Courier N°00762/MI/CAB-ME addressed to the Director General of Documentation and Immigration concerning the documents required for the issuance of a passport

10/15/2021

Positive

Gabon enacted legislation allowing women to apply for a passport in the same way as men.

Gabon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2023

Law n°022/2021 of November 19, 2021 on the Code of Work in the Gabonese Republic

11/19/2021

11/23/2021

Positive

Gabon mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated all restrictions on women’s employment. Women can now work in industrial jobs and in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Gambia, The

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1979

Social Security Corporation Act, 2010

01/01/1978

Positive

The Gambia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Gambia, The

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1988

Matrimonial Causes Act of 1986

09/08/1986

Positive

The Gambia introduced the Matrimonial Causes Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Gambia, The

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2009

Labor Act, 2007

10/17/2007

01/21/2008

Positive

The Gambia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Gambia, The

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2012

Women's Act, 2010

05/28/2010

Positive

The Gambia's Woman's Act recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Gambia, The

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2012

Women's Act, 2010

04/13/2010

05/28/2010

Positive

The Gambia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Gambia, The

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2012

Women's Act, 2010

05/28/2010

Positive

The Gambia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Gambia, The

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2015

Domestic Violence Act, 2013

12/17/2013

12/30/2017

Positive

The Gambia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1972

Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor

07/15/1970

01/01/1971

Positive

Georgia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

Labor Code of Georgia

07/15/1970

01/01/1971

Negative

Georgia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1975

Labor Code of Georgia

07/30/1971

10/01/1973

Positive

Georgia no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1973

Labor Code of Georgia

07/30/1971

10/01/1973

Positive

Georgia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1990

Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor

02/04/1988

Negative

Georgia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1994

The Law of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia on the Approval of the Code of Labor Laws of the SSR of Georgia

08/13/1992

Positive

Georgia no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2005

Law on Compulsory Insurance Pensions

07/15/2003

01/01/2004

Positive

Georgia no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2007

Law of Georgia on Elimination of Domestic Violence, Protection and Support of Victims of Domestic Violence

05/25/2006

06/09/2006

Positive

Georgia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2011

Law on Gender Equality

03/26/2010

04/12/2010

Positive

Georgia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2007

Labor Code of Georgia

05/26/2006

06/10/2006

Positive

Georgia eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night and allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2020

Law on Gender Equality

02/19/2019

Positive

Georgia made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in access to financial services.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2020

Labor Code of Georgia

05/03/2019

#N/A

Positive

Georgia enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2022

Labor Code of Georgia

09/29/2020

10/05/2020

Positive

Georgia introduced paid parental leave.

Germany

High income: OECD

Workplace

1978

First Marriage and Family Law Act of 1976

06/15/1976

07/01/1977

Positive

Germany allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Germany

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1987

Act on Parental Benefit and Parental Leave (Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz - BEEG)

01/01/1986

Positive

Germany introduced paid parental leave.

Germany

High income: OECD

Pension

1987

Law on Restructuring of Survivor's Pensions and Recognition of Child-raising Periods in Statutory Pension Insurance of 1985

07/11/1985

07/19/1985

Positive

Germany explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Germany

High income: OECD

Workplace

1996

Act to establish equality for men and women of 1994

06/24/1994

Positive

Germany prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Germany

High income: OECD

Marriage

1999

German Civil Code

05/04/1998

Positive

Germany gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Germany

High income: OECD

Marriage

2003

Law on civil Law protection against acts of violence and stalking (Gewaltschutzgesetz - GewSchG)

12/11/2001

06/24/1905

Positive

Germany enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Germany

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2007

Expense Compensation Act

12/22/2005

01/01/2006

Positive

Germany began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Germany

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2008

Act Implementing European Directives Putting Into Effect the Principle of Equal Treatment

08/14/2006

Positive

Germany introduced a new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Germany

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2008

Act on Parental Benefit and Parental Leave (Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz - BEEG)

12/05/2006

01/01/2007

Positive

Germany introduced paid paternity leave.

Germany

High income: OECD

Workplace

2008

Act Implementing European Directives Putting Into Effect the Principle of Equal Treatment

08/14/2006

08/18/2006

Positive

Germany enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Germany

High income: OECD

Pay

2010

New Training Regulations for the occupation Mining Technician (Bergbautechnologe/ Bergbautechnologin)

03/31/2009

08/01/2009

Positive

Germany eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

Germany

High income: OECD

Pay

2019

Act on the Promotion of Transparency of Pay between Women and Men

06/30/2017

07/05/2017

Positive

Germany introduced new legislation that mandates equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1973

Matrimonial Causes Act

09/07/1971

06/14/1985

Positive

Ghana introduced the Matrimonial Causes Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1987

Intestate Succession Law

06/14/1985

Positive

Ghana's Intestate Succession Act made inheritance equal under law for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1992

Social Security Act

01/01/1991

02/15/1991

Positive

Ghana equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2005

Labor Act, 2003

10/08/2003

10/10/2003

Positive

Ghana prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2005

Labor Act, 2003

10/08/2003

10/10/2003

Positive

Ghana lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2005

Labor Act, 2003

10/08/2003

03/31/2004

Positive

Ghana prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2008

Domestic Violence Act, 2007

05/03/2007

02/21/2007

Positive

Ghana enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Greece

High income: OECD

Assets

1984

Civil Code

02/18/1983

Positive

Greece eliminated the husband's supremacy in conjugal and family relations, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. Greece also recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Greece

High income: OECD

Marriage

1984

Civil Code

02/18/1983

Positive

Greece allowed women to be head of household. Greece abolished a 10-month waiting period for women before remarriage, giving them the same rights to remarry as men.

Greece

High income: OECD

Mobility

1984

Civil Code

02/18/1983

Positive

Greece allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men.

Greece

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1984

Law 1483/1984 Protection and facilitation of workers with family obligations

10/08/1984

Positive

Greece prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Greece

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1985

Law 14/2/1984

02/14/1984

Positive

Greece increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Greece

High income: OECD

Workplace

1985

Law No. 1414/1984 - Application of the principle of gender equality in labor relations and other provisions

01/30/1984

Positive

Greece prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Greece

High income: OECD

Pension

1986

Law 1483/1984 Protection and facilitation of workers with family obligations

10/08/1984

Positive

Greece explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Greece

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1994

National General Collective Labor Agreement 1993

06/09/1993

Positive

Greece introduced paid paternity leave.

Greece

High income: OECD

Marriage

2008

Law 3500/2006 on Domestic Violence

10/23/2006

10/24/2006

Positive

Greece enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Greece

High income: OECD

Pay

2008

Law 3488/2006 on Application of the Principle of Equal Treatment between Men and Women regards Access to Employment, Vocational Training and Promotion, Terms and Conditions and Other Relevant Provisions

12/31/2007

Positive

Greece eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Greece

High income: OECD

Workplace

2008

09/06/2006

09/11/2006

Positive

Greece enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Greece

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2011

Law 3769/2009 Application of the Principle of Equal Treatment between Men and Women in the Access to and Supply of Goods and Services and Other Provisions

07/01/2009

Positive

Greece introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Greece

High income: OECD

Pay

2012

Law 3896/2010 on Implementation of the Principle of Equal Opportunities and Equal Treatment for Men and Women in Matters of Employment and Occupation

08/12/2010

Positive

Greece mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Greece

High income: OECD

Pension

2012

Law 3896/2010 on Implementation of the Principle of Equal Opportunities and Equal Treatment for Men and Women in Matters of Employment and Occupation

08/12/2010

Positive

Greece equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Greece

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2022

Law No. 4808/2021

06/16/2021

06/19/2021

Positive

Greece introduced 2 months of paid parental leave as an individual entitlement for each parent.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1974

Matrimonial Causes Act

07/23/1973

01/01/1974

Positive

Grenada recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1974

Matrimonial Causes Act

05/23/1973

01/01/1974

Positive

Grenada allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1975

Domicile and Matrimonial Proceedings Act 1973

07/23/1973

01/01/1974

Positive

Grenada introduced new legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1982

Act No. 14 of 1999

10/10/1980

Positive

Grenada prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1984

National Insurance Act

12/31/1983

Positive

Grenada introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2001

Act No. 14 of 1999

07/02/1999

Positive

Grenada mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2001

Act No. 14 of 1999

07/02/1999

Positive

Grenada prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2003

Domestic Violence Act

06/12/2001

Positive

Grenada enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

2020

Passport Regulations 2018

06/27/2018

Positive

Grenada made international travel easier for women by allowing them to apply for a passport in the same way as men, with no need for additional documentation

Guatemala

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1995

Decree No. 1441 Labor Code

11/17/1992

12/03/1992

Positive

Guatemala introduced paid paternity leave.

Guatemala

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1994

Decree No. 64-92

11/17/1992

12/03/1992

Positive

Guatemala lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Guatemala

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1994

Decree No. 1441 Labor Code

11/17/1992

12/03/1992

Positive

Guatemala began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Guatemala

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1998

Decree No. 97-1996 Law to prevent, sanction and erradicate intrafamily violence

11/25/1996

11/29/1996

Positive

Guatemala enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Guatemala

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2000

Decree-Law No. 106 Civil Code

11/19/1998

01/01/1999

Positive

Guatemala granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage and equal rights to immovable property.

Guatemala

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2001

Decree No. 27-99 amended Civil Code

08/30/1999

#N/A

Positive

Guatemala allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Guatemala

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2004

Regulation on Protection Related to Disability, Old Age and Survival

03/13/2003

03/19/2003

Positive

Guatemala explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Guatemala

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2009

Decree-Law No. 106 Civil Code

11/29/2007

Positive

Guatemala revoked a provision requiring a waiting period for women before remarriage.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1989

Order n° 003/PRG/SGG/88 of January 28, 1988 establishing the labor code of the Republic of Guinea

01/28/1988

Positive

Guinea increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1989

Order n° 003/PRG/SGG/88 of January 28, 1988 establishing the labor code of the Republic of Guinea

01/28/1988

Positive

Guinea mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2015

Law No. L/2014/072/CNT of 10 January 2014 on the Labor Code

01/10/2014

Positive

Guinea lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2015

Law No. L/2014/072/CNT of 10 January 2014 on the Labor Code

01/14/2014

Positive

Guinea prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2018

Law No. 2016/059/AN on the Penal Code

10/26/2016

Positive

Guinea's new Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2020

Ordinary Law L/2019/035/AN of July 04, 2019, on the Civil Code of the Republic of Guinea

07/26/2019

Positive

Guinea allowed women to be head of household and obtain a divorce in the same way as a man.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2020

Ordinary Law L/2019/035/AN of July 04, 2019, on the Civil Code of the Republic of Guinea

07/26/2019

Positive

Guinea allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2020

Ordinary Law L/2019/035/AN of July 04, 2019, on the Civil Code of the Republic of Guinea

07/04/2019

07/26/2019

Positive

Guinea allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Guinea-Bissau

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1987

Law No. 2/1986 General Labor Law

05/01/1986

Positive

Guinea-Bissau's social security system began administering maternity benefits.

Guinea-Bissau

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1987

Decree-Law No. 5 of 1986

03/29/1987

Positive

Guinea-Bissau introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Guinea-Bissau

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1987

Law No. 2/1986 General Labor Law

04/05/1986

05/01/1986

Positive

Guinea-Bissau prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Guinea-Bissau

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2015

Law No. 6/2014 on the Criminalization of Acts of Violence in the Context of Domestic and Family Relations

02/04/2014

#N/A

Positive

Guinea-Bissau enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Guyana

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1990

Domicile Reform Act

07/14/1988

Positive

Guyana introduced the Domicile Reform Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Guyana

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1992

Married Persons (Property) Act of 1904

07/20/1990

Positive

Guyana recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Guyana

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1998

Domestic Violence Act

12/31/1996

Positive

Guyana enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Guyana

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1998

Prevention of Discrimination Act

10/13/1997

Positive

Guyana mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Guyana

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1999

Prevention of Discrimination Act

10/13/1997

Positive

Guyana introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Guyana

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1999

Termination of Employment and Severance Pay Act

08/07/1997

Positive

Guyana prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Guyana

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1999

Prevention of Discrimination Act

10/13/1997

Positive

Guyana prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Haiti

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1984

Decree of 8 October 1982 establishing a new status for married women

10/08/1982

Positive

Haiti introduced new legislation allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Haiti

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1984

Decree of 8 October 1982 establishing a new status for married women

10/08/1982

Positive

Haiti no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Haiti

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1984

Decree of 8 October 1982 establishing a new status for married women

10/08/1982

Positive

Haiti allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Haiti

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1985

Decree of 24 February 1984 updating the Labor Code of 12 September 1961

02/24/1984

Positive

Haiti mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Haiti

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1985

Decree of 24 February 1984 updating the Labor Code of 12 September 1961

02/24/1984

Positive

Haiti prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Haiti

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2018

Decree of 24 February 1984 updating the Labor Code of 12 September 1961

12/31/2016

Positive

Haiti's government began administering maternity benefits.

Honduras

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1973

Regulation of Social Security Law

12/17/1971

Positive

Honduras introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Honduras

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1998

Decree 144-83, Penal Code

10/31/1996

02/28/1997

Positive

Honduras enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Honduras

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1998

Decree 144-83, Penal Code

05/08/1997

06/10/1997

Positive

Honduras enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Honduras

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2001

Law on Equality of Opportunities for Women

04/28/2000

05/22/2000

Positive

Honduras prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Honduras

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2009

Consumer Protection Law

04/01/2008

07/07/2008

Positive

Honduras's Consumer Law made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Honduras

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2014

Family Code

02/27/2013

09/06/2013

Positive

Honduras allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as a man. It also allowed women to be head of household.

Honduras

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

2014

Civil Code

02/27/2013

09/06/2013

Positive

Honduras reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Hong Kong SAR, China

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1974

Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Ordinance

01/01/1973

Positive

Hong Kong SAR, China introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Hong Kong SAR, China

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

1988

Domestic and Cohabitation Relationships Violence Ordinance

12/19/1986

#N/A

Positive

Hong Kong SAR, China enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Hong Kong SAR, China

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

1997

Sex Discrimination Ordinance

05/20/1996

12/20/1996

Positive

Hong Kong SAR, China introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Hong Kong SAR, China

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1997

Sex Discrimination Ordinance

05/20/1996

Positive

Hong Kong SAR, China enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Hong Kong SAR, China

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1998

Sex Discrimination Ordinance

01/01/1995

01/01/1996

Positive

Hong Kong SAR, China prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Hong Kong SAR, China

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2016

Employment Ordinance (Cap. 57)

12/23/2014

02/27/2015

Positive

Hong Kong SAR, China introduced paid paternity leave.

Hong Kong SAR, China

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2022

Employment Ordinance (Cap. 57)

07/17/2020

12/11/2020

Positive

Hong Kong SAR, China increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Pension

1991

Labour Code of 1992

01/16/1991

Positive

Hungary explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1993

Labour Code of 1992

03/30/1992

Positive

Hungary introduced paid paternity leave.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Pension

1993

Labour Code of 1992

03/30/1992

05/04/1992

Negative

Hungary set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2005

Act CXXV of 2003 on Equal Treatment and Promotion of Equal Opportunity

12/22/2003

Positive

Hungary introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Workplace

2005

Act CXXV of 2003 on Equal Treatment and Promotion of Equal Opportunity

12/28/2003

01/27/2004

Positive

Hungary prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Workplace

2008

Act CXXV of 2003 on Equal Treatment and Promotion of Equal Opportunity

11/27/2006

12/01/2006

Positive

Hungary enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Pension

2010

Law on Social Security Pensions

12/13/2010

Positive

Hungary equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Marriage

2011

Act LXXII of 2009 on Restraining Orders Related to Violence Between Relatives

10/01/2009

Positive

Hungary enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Pay

2013

Act on Labor Code (2012 I)

12/13/2011

Positive

Hungary allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Workplace

1976

Act on Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men

12/31/1976

Positive

Iceland prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1977

Act on Working Terms and Pension Rights Insurance, No. 55/1980

12/31/1975

Positive

Iceland's government began administering maternity benefits.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Pay

1977

Act on Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men

12/31/1976

Positive

Iceland mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Pension

1986

Act on Working Terms and Pension Rights Insurance, No. 55/1980

12/18/1985

Positive

Iceland explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1988

Act on maternity and parental leave

03/31/1987

Positive

Iceland prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1989

Act on maternity and parental leave

01/01/1988

Positive

Iceland introduced paid parental leave.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1999

Paternity Leave and Benefit Act

12/09/1997

01/01/1998

Positive

Iceland introduced paid paternity leave.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Workplace

2001

Act on Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men

05/01/2000

06/06/2000

Positive

Iceland enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Marriage

2013

Act on Restraining Orders

06/23/2011

06/30/2011

Positive

Iceland enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2017

Act on Equal Status and Equal Rights Irrespective of Gender, No. 150/2020

07/10/2015

Positive

Iceland's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

India

South Asia

Workplace

1989

Equal Remuneration Act, 1976

12/16/1987

Positive

India prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

India

South Asia

Assets

1996

The Hindu Succession Act

06/22/1994

06/26/1994

Positive

India reformed the Hindu Succession Act, equalizing inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

India

South Asia

Marriage

2007

The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act

09/13/2005

10/26/2006

Positive

India enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

India

South Asia

Workplace

1999

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act

08/13/1997

Positive

India enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

India

South Asia

Parenthood

2018

The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act

03/27/2017

04/01/2017

Positive

India increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

India

South Asia

Pay

2019

Maharashtra Shops and Establishments (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act

09/07/2017

Positive

The state of Maharashtra eliminated restrictions on women’s ability to work in jobs deemed dangerous.

India

South Asia

Parenthood

2021

Employees State Insurance Act (Amendment)

09/10/2020

10/01/2020

Positive

The state of Maharashtra began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

1975

Law No. 1/1974 on Marriage

01/02/1974

Positive

Indonesia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

1975

Law No. 1/1974 on Marriage

01/02/1974

Positive

Indonesia introduced a new Marriage Law allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Mobility

1975

Law No. 1/1974 on Marriage

01/02/1974

Positive

Indonesia introduced the Marriage Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1975

Law No. 1/1974 on Marriage

01/02/1974

Positive

Indonesia allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1978

Government Regulation on Retirement Guarantee Program (No. 45/2015)

11/26/1977

Positive

Indonesia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1999

Indonesian Labor Law (No.13/2003)

10/03/1997

Positive

Indonesia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2004

Indonesian Labor Law (No.13/2003)

03/25/2003

Positive

Indonesia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men and lifted restrictions on women's employment in industrial jobs.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2004

Indonesian Labor Law (No.13/2003)

06/25/2003

Positive

Indonesia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2005

Indonesian Labor Law (No.13/2003)

03/25/2003

Positive

Indonesia introduced paid paternity leave.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2006

Law No. 23/2004 Regarding Elimination of Violence in Household

09/22/2004

Positive

Indonesia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2023

Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence

05/09/2022

Positive

Indonesia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment, including both criminal penalties and civil remedies for such conduct.

Iran, Islamic Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1992

Labor Law

11/20/1990

Negative

The Islamic Republic of Iran set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Iran, Islamic Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2009

Population and Family Regulation Amendments Act 2013

12/31/2006

Positive

The Islamic Republic of Iran increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Iran, Islamic Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2015

Population and Family Regulation Amendments Act 2013

06/10/2013

Positive

The Islamic Republic of Iran introduced paid paternity leave.

Iraq

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

1989

Labor Law

08/17/1987

Positive

Iraq eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and removed restrictions on women's employment in manufacturing.

Iraq

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

1989

Act No. 71 of 1987 promulgating the Labour Code

05/27/1987

Positive

Iraq prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Iraq

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2017

Passport Law No. 32 of 2015

09/21/2015

Positive

Iraq enacted a new passport law which no longer requires a married woman to bring a guardian when applying for a passport.

Iraq

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2017

Labor Law

10/15/2015

Positive

Iraq increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Iraq

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2017

Labor Law No. 37 of 2015

10/15/2015

Positive

Iraq mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Iraq

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2017

Labor Law No. 37 of 2015

10/15/2015

Negative

Iraq set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Iraq

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2017

Labor Law No. 37 of 2015

10/15/2015

Positive

Iraq enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Iraq

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

2023

Central Bank Circular No. 23/422

03/10/2022

Positive

Iraq prohibited gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Pay

1976

Anti-Discrimination (Pay) Act, 1974

07/01/1974

Positive

Ireland mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1978

Unfair Dismissals Act of 1977

04/06/1977

Positive

Ireland prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Workplace

1979

Employment Equality Act

06/01/1977

Positive

Ireland prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1982

Maternity Protection of Employees Act, 1981

04/06/1981

Positive

Ireland introduced paid maternity leave of at least 14 weeks.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Pay

1982

Social Welfare Consolidation Act

09/17/1982

Positive

Ireland removed restrictions on women's employment in manufacturing.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Marriage

1983

Domestic Violence Act

06/23/1981

07/23/1981

Positive

Ireland enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Mobility

1988

Domicile and Recognition of Foreign Divorces Act

07/02/1986

10/02/1986

Positive

Ireland introduced the Domicile and Recognition of Foreign Divorces Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Pension

1995

Social Welfare Consolidation Act

03/31/1994

Positive

Ireland explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Marriage

1997

Family Law Act

10/02/1995

08/01/1996

Positive

Ireland revoked a constitutional ban on divorce, making the process equal for both spouses. Women and men also have the same rights to remarry.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Assets

1998

Family Law (Divorce) Act

11/27/1996

02/27/1997

Positive

Ireland passed the Family Law (Divorce) Act, explicitly recognizing the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Workplace

2000

Employment Equality Act

06/18/1998

10/19/1999

Positive

Ireland enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2001

Equal Status Act

04/26/2000

10/25/2000

Positive

Ireland's Equal Status Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2018

Paternity Leave and Benefit Act

07/27/2016

Positive

Ireland introduced paid paternity leave.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2021

Parent's Leave and Benefit Act 2019

10/24/2019

11/02/2019

Positive

Ireland introduced two weeks of paid parental leave as an individual entitlement for each parent.

Israel

High income: OECD

Assets

1975

Spouses Property Relations Law, 1973

01/01/1974

Positive

Israel recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Israel

High income: OECD

Workplace

1989

Employment (Equal Opportunities) Law 5748-1988

03/03/1988

04/01/1988

Positive

Israel prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Israel

High income: OECD

Marriage

1992

Prevention of Family Violence Law 5751-1991

03/28/1991

06/26/1991

Positive

Israel enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Israel

High income: OECD

Pay

1997

Equal Pay for Female and Male Workers Law, 1996

03/21/1996

09/21/1996

Positive

Israel mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Israel

High income: OECD

Workplace

1999

Prevention of Sexual Harassment Law 5758-1998

03/01/1998

09/01/1998

Positive

Israel enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Israel

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2001

Prohibition of Discrimination in Products, Services and Entry into Places of Entertainment and Public Places Law, 5761-2000

05/15/2000

Positive

Israel made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Israel

High income: OECD

Pension

2005

Retirement Age Law, 2004

01/18/2004

Negative

Israel set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Israel

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2007

Women's Employment Act

02/23/2005

06/06/2005

Positive

Israel increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Israel

High income: OECD

Pension

2015

Retirement Age Law, 2004

12/29/2011

Positive

Israel equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Italy

High income: OECD

Marriage

1972

Law No. 898 of 1970

12/01/1970

12/03/1970

Positive

Italy adopted its first law on divorce, allowing women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Italy

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1973

Legislative Decree no. 151 of 26 March 2001

01/18/1972

Positive

Italy increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Italy

High income: OECD

Assets

1976

Law No. 151 of 1975

05/19/1975

05/23/1975

Positive

Italy recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Italy

High income: OECD

Marriage

1976

Law No. 151 of 1975

05/19/1975

05/23/1975

Positive

Italy allowed women to be head of household.

Italy

High income: OECD

Mobility

1976

Law No. 151 of 1975

05/19/1975

05/23/1975

Positive

Italy reformed its Family Law removing restriction for a married woman to choose where to live and leave the marital home without her husband's permission.

Italy

High income: OECD

Pay

1979

Law No. 903 of 1977

12/09/1977

Positive

Italy mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Italy

High income: OECD

Workplace

1979

Legislative Decree no. 198 of 11 April 2006 "Code of equal opportunities for men and women, pursuant to article 6 of Law no. 246 of 28 November 2005"

12/09/1977

Positive

Italy prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Italy

High income: OECD

Pension

1997

Law No 335 of 8 August 1995 - Reform of the compulsory and supplementary pension system

08/08/1995

Positive

Italy explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Italy

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2001

Legislative Decree 26-3-2001 no. 151 Consolidated text of the legislative provisions on the protection and support of maternity and paternity, pursuant to Article 15 of Law no. 53 of 8 March 2000.

03/26/2001

Positive

Italy introduced paid parental leave.

Italy

High income: OECD

Pay

2002

Legislative Decree no. 198 of 11 April 2006 "Code of equal opportunities for men and women, pursuant to article 6 of Law no. 246 of 28 November 2005"

03/26/2001

04/26/2001

Positive

Italy eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Italy

High income: OECD

Workplace

2006

Legislative Decree no. 145 of 30 May 2005

05/20/2005

08/11/2005

Positive

Italy enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Italy

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2007

Legislative Decree no. 198 of 11 April 2006 "Code of equal opportunities for men and women, pursuant to article 6 of Law no. 246 of 28 November 2005"

04/11/2006

06/15/2007

Positive

Italy introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Italy

High income: OECD

Workplace

2007

Legislative Decree no. 198 of 11 April 2006 "Code of equal opportunities for men and women, pursuant to article 6 of Law no. 246 of 28 November 2005"

04/11/2006

06/15/2006

Positive

Italy enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Italy

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2014

Law No. 92 of 28 June 2012

06/28/2012

Positive

Italy introduced paid paternity leave.

Italy

High income: OECD

Marriage

2015

Law No. 119 of 15 October 2013

10/15/2013

10/16/2013

Positive

Italy enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Italy

High income: OECD

Pension

2019

Directorial Decree of 5 November 2019

01/01/2018

Positive

Italy equalized the age (67 years) at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Jamaica

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1981

Maternity Leave Act

12/31/1979

Positive

Jamaica prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Jamaica

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1990

The Matrimonial Causes Act

02/01/1989

Positive

Jamaica allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as a man.

Jamaica

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1990

The Matrimonial Causes Act

02/01/1989

Positive

Jamaica allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men.

Jamaica

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1997

Domestic Violence Act

02/27/1996

05/06/1996

Positive

Jamaica enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Jamaica

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2007

Property (Rights of Spouses) Act

04/01/2006

Positive

Jamaica recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions as a factor in property division.

Jamaica

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2016

The Employment (Flexible Work Arrangements) (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 2014

11/25/2014

Positive

Jamaica lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Jamaica

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2016

The Employment (Flexible Work Arrangements) (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 2014

03/25/2011

01/01/2015

Positive

Jamaica equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Jamaica

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2023

Sexual Harassment (Protection and Prevention) Act

04/02/2022

Positive

Jamaica enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment, including civil remedies for such conduct.

Japan

High income: OECD

Workplace

1974

Act No. 113 of July, 1972 - Act on Securing, Etc. of Equal Opportunity and Treatment between Men and Women in Employment

07/01/1972

Positive

Japan prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Japan

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1986

Child Care and Family Care Leave Act

06/01/1985

04/01/1986

Positive

Japan increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Japan

High income: OECD

Pension

1992

Law Concerning the Welfare of Workers Who Take Care of Children or Other Family Members Including Child Care and Family Care Leave

07/06/1990

Positive

Japan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Japan

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2011

Child Care and Family Care Leave Act

07/01/2009

06/30/2010

Positive

Japan introduced paid paternity leave.

Japan

High income: OECD

Marriage

2002

Act on the Prevention of Spousal Violence and the Protection of Victims

04/13/2001

10/13/2001

Positive

Japan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Japan

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1996

Child Care and Family Care Leave Act

06/09/1995

10/01/1995

Positive

Japan introduced paid parental leave.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

1980

Law No. 8 of 1996 (Labor Law of 1996) and its amendments

07/30/1978

Positive

Jordan began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1981

Law No. 8 of 1996 (Labor Law of 1996) and its amendments

07/30/1978

Positive

Jordan introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2009

Law on Protection from Domestic Violence No. 15 of 2017

03/16/2008

Positive

Jordan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2011

The Social Security Law for the Year 2010

04/01/2010

Positive

Jordan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2020

Law No. 8 of 1996 (Labor Law of 1996) and its amendments

05/16/2019

Positive

Jordan introduced three days of paid paternity leave.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2020

Law No. 8 of 1996 (Labor Law of 1996) and its amendments

05/16/2019

Positive

Jordan enacted legislation that mandates equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2020

Decree No. 2 of 2018

12/30/2018

Positive

Jordan lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

2021

The Central Bank of Jordan Instructions No. 56/2012

08/12/2020

Positive

Jordan made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2021

Passport application form

08/26/2020

Positive

Jordan allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan

07/01/1970

01/01/1971

Negative

Kazakhstan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1973

Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan

07/21/1972

Positive

Kazakhstan increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1974

Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan

07/21/1972

01/01/1973

Positive

Kazakhstan no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2001

Labour Code of the Kazakh SSR of 21 July 1972

12/10/1999

01/01/2000

Positive

Kazakhstan prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1993

Law on Pensions of the Republic of Kazakhstan

06/17/1991

10/01/1991

Positive

Kazakhstan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2001

Labour Law 1999

12/10/1999

Positive

Kazakhstan prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2001

Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan

12/10/1999

Positive

Kazakhstan lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2009

Law on Compulsory Social Insurance

04/25/2003

01/01/2008

Positive

Kazakhstan introduced paid parental leave.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2011

Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence

12/04/2009

12/14/2009

Positive

Kazakhstan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2017

Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan

11/23/2015

01/01/2016

Negative

Kazakhstan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2023

Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated October 12, 2021 No. 67-VII ZRK

10/12/2021

10/22/2021

Positive

Kazakhstan eliminated all restrictions on women’s employment. Women can now work in industrial jobs and in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Kenya

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1972

Law of Domicile Act of 1972

06/04/1971

06/05/1971

Positive

Kenya introduced the Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Kenya

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1974

Law of Succession Act

11/13/1972

07/01/1981

Positive

Kenya equalized inheritance rights for sons and daughters.

Kenya

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2008

Sexual Offences Act

07/14/2006

07/21/2006

Positive

Kenya enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Kenya

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2009

Employment Act

10/26/2007

Positive

Kenya prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Kenya

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2009

Employment Act

10/26/2007

Positive

Kenya mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and in industrial undertakings at night.

Kenya

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2009

Employment (Amendment) Act, 2021

10/22/2007

Positive

Kenya prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Kenya

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2015

The Matrimonial Property Act, 2013

12/24/2013

01/16/2014

Positive

Kenya recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Kenya

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2017

Protection Against Domestic Violence Act

05/14/2015

06/04/2015

Positive

Kenya enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Kiribati

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1979

Provident Fund (Amendment) Act 2005 (No. 11 of 2005)

07/01/1977

Positive

Kiribati introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Kiribati

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2009

Employment and Industrial Relations Code 2015

06/17/2009

Positive

Kiribati mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Kiribati

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2009

Employment (Amendment) Act 2008 (No.2 of 2008)

05/15/2008

Positive

Kiribati prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Kiribati

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2016

Te Rau N Te Mwenga (Family Peace) Act 2014

12/10/2014

#N/A

Positive

Kiribati enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Kiribati

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2017

Employment and Industrial Relations Code 2015

12/24/2015

Positive

Kiribati prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Kiribati

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2017

Employment and Industrial Relations Code 2015

12/24/2015

Positive

Kiribati eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and in industrial undertakings at night. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Kiribati

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2017

Employment and Industrial Relations Code 2015

08/20/2015

12/24/2015

Positive

Kiribati enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Pension

1975

National Pension Act of 31 December 1986

12/24/1973

01/01/1974

Positive

The Republic of Korea introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1989

Act on Equal Employment and Support for Work-Family Reconciliation

04/01/1989

Positive

The Republic of Korea prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Assets

1991

Civil Act of 1958

01/13/1990

Positive

The Republic of Korea's new Family Law equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. It also recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Mobility

1991

Civil Act of 1958

01/13/1990

Positive

The Republic of Korea reformed its Civil Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Workplace

1998

Labor Standards Act

03/13/1997

Positive

The Republic of Korea prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Marriage

1999

Act on special cases concerning the punishment, etc. of crimes of domestic violence

12/13/1997

06/20/1905

Positive

The Republic of Korea enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Workplace

2000

Sexual Equality Employment Act

02/08/1999

Positive

The Republic of Korea enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2003

Act on Equal Employment and Support for Work-Family Reconciliation

09/15/2003

Positive

The Republic of Korea increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Marriage

2006

Civil Act of 1958

03/31/2005

01/01/2008

Positive

The Republic of Korea allowed women to be head of household. Korea, Rep. gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Workplace

2007

The National Human Rights Commission Act

07/29/2005

Positive

The Republic of Korea enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2009

Act on Equal Employment and Support for Work-Family Reconciliation

10/09/2009

Positive

The Republic of Korea introduced paid paternity leave.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Pension

2009

National Pension Act of 31 December 1986

02/29/2008

03/19/2010

Positive

The Republic of Korea explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1998

Labor Law

06/19/1996

Positive

Kosovo equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2003

United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) Regulation No. 2001/27 on Essential Labor Law in Kosovo

10/08/2001

Negative

Kosovo decreased the duration of paid maternity leave to less than 14 weeks. It also enacted legislation that obliges employers to share in the administration of maternity benefits.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2003

Law on Pension Funds (Amendment) No. 04/L-168 of 08 April 2013

12/22/2001

Positive

Kosovo equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2003

Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan

10/08/2001

Positive

Kosovo prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2004

United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) Regulation No. 2003/12 on Protection against Domestic Violence

05/07/2003

Positive

Kosovo enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2005

Labor Law

02/19/2004

06/07/2004

Positive

Kosovo mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2006

Law on Inheritance

02/19/2004

06/02/2004

Positive

Kosovo introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2012

Labor Law

11/01/2010

11/18/2010

Positive

Kosovo increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Kuwait

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1978

Social Security Law, No. 61 of 1976.

09/02/1976

Positive

Kuwait introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Kuwait

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2011

The Constitutional Court's Ruling that holds some provisions of the Passports Law unconstitutional

10/20/2009

Positive

Kuwait amended its passport law which no longer requires women the consent of her husband when applying for a passport.

Kuwait

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2020

Social Insurance Law

04/01/2019

Negative

Kuwait set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Kuwait

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2021

Kuwait Domestic Violence Law 2020

09/13/2020

09/20/2020

Positive

Kuwait enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Kuwait

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2022

Ministerial Decree No. 177 of 2021 on Prohibiting Discrimination in Employment and Prohibiting Sexual Harassment at Workplaces

09/28/2021

Positive

Kuwait prohibited gender discrimination in employment and adopted legislation on sexual harassment in employment.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Decree Dated March 26, 1956 on Increasing the Duration of Holidays for Pregnancy and Childhood

07/15/1970

01/01/1971

Negative

Kyrgyz Republic set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1973

Labor Code of Kyrgyz Republic

07/15/1970

01/01/1971

Positive

Kyrgyz Republic prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1999

Labor Code of Kyrgyz Republic

09/18/1997

10/01/1997

Positive

Kyrgyz Republic no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2004

Family Code of Kyrgyz Republic

01/31/2003

03/12/2003

Positive

Kyrgyz Republic introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2004

Law on Safeguarding and Protecting Against Domestic Violence

03/25/2003

04/04/2003

Positive

Kyrgyz Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2004

Law on State Guarantees of Equal Rights and Equal Opportunities for Men and Women

01/31/2003

03/12/2003

Positive

Kyrgyz Republic enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2006

Labor Code of Kyrgyz Republic

05/25/2004

08/04/2004

Positive

Kyrgyz Republic lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2006

Labor Code of Kyrgyz Republic

08/04/2004

Positive

Kyrgyz Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2008

Government Decree Kyrgyz Republic dated August 14, 2006 No. 576

08/14/2006

07/01/2006

Negative

Kyrgyz Republic enacted legislation that obliges employers to pay the first ten days of maternity leave.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2010

Law on State Guarantees of Equal Rights and Equal Opportunities for Men and Women

08/02/2008

Positive

Kyrgyz Republic enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

1972

Law No. 70-459 of 1970 amended Civil Code

06/04/1970

Positive

Lao PDR allowed women to be head of household.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Mobility

1977

Civil Code of the Lao People's Democratic Republic

07/11/1975

Positive

Lao PDR introduced new legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

1987

Civil Code of the Lao People's Democratic Republic

12/23/1985

Positive

Lao PDR granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

1992

Civil Code of the Lao People's Democratic Republic

11/29/1990

12/24/1990

Positive

Lao PDR granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

1992

Civil Code of the Lao People's Democratic Republic

11/29/1990

12/24/1990

Positive

Lao PDR enacted a new family law, allowing women to obtain a divorce and remarry in the same way as men.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1992

Family Law 1990

12/24/1990

Positive

Lao PDR allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1995

Decree No. 24/PR of the President of the Republic, dated 21 April 1994 promulgating Act No. 002/NA of 14 March 1994 concerning labour

04/21/1994

06/11/1994

Positive

Lao PDR prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1995

Decree No. 24/PR of the President of the Republic, dated 21 April 1994 promulgating Act No. 002/NA of 14 March 1994 concerning labour

04/21/1994

Positive

Lao PDR prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

2001

Decree on Social Security System for Enterprise Employees

12/23/1999

07/01/2000

Positive

Lao PDR introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2006

Law on Development and Protection of Women 2004

10/22/2004

02/13/2005

Positive

Lao PDR enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

2007

Penal Law 2005

11/09/2005

04/08/2006

Positive

Lao PDR amended its Penal Law that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2008

Labor Law (Amended)

12/27/2006

03/27/2007

Positive

Lao PDR eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night, and allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2015

Labor Law

12/24/2013

03/24/2014

Positive

Lao PDR increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

2015

Law on Social Security

07/26/2013

08/01/2013

Negative

Lao PDR set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2015

Labor Law

12/24/2013

01/28/2014

Positive

Lao PDR enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1972

Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor

07/15/1970

01/01/1971

Positive

Latvia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Pension

1972

Labor Law

12/09/1971

04/01/1972

Negative

Latvia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1973

Labor Law

12/09/1971

Positive

Latvia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Pension

1997

Law on State Pensions

11/06/1996

12/10/1996

Positive

Latvia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Pay

2003

Labor Law

12/12/2002

01/01/2002

Positive

Latvia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Workplace

2003

Labor Law

06/20/2001

Positive

Latvia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2004

Labor Law

06/20/2001

06/01/2002

Positive

Latvia introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Workplace

2005

Labor Law

04/22/2004

05/08/2004

Positive

Latvia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2009

Consumers Rights Protection Law

06/19/2008

07/23/2008

Positive

Latvia amended its Consumer Rights Protection Law that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Marriage

2016

Civil Procedure Code

02/13/2014

03/31/2014

Positive

Latvia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Lebanon

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2001

Labor Code

05/26/2000

Positive

Lebanon prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Lebanon

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2001

Labor Code

05/26/2000

Positive

Lebanon prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Lebanon

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2016

Law on the Protection of Women and Family Members from Domestic Violence

05/07/2014

05/15/2014

Positive

Lebanon enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Lebanon

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2022

Law on Criminalizing Sexual Harassment and the Rehabilitation of its Victims

12/21/2020

01/07/2021

Positive

Lebanon enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment and also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1993

Land (Amendment) Order of 1992

03/10/1992

Positive

Lesotho equalized inheritance rights for male and female surviving spouses.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1994

Labor Code Order

11/12/1992

Positive

Lesotho prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1994

Labor Code Order

11/12/1992

Positive

Lesotho mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1994

Labor Code Order

11/12/1992

Positive

Lesotho prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2006

Old Age Pension (Pensions) Act 2005

03/16/2005

Positive

Lesotho introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2007

Act No.9 of 2006 Legal Capacity of Married Persons

01/01/2006

12/06/2006

Positive

Lesotho enacted the Legal Capacity of Married Persons Act abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2007

Act No.9 of 2006 Legal Capacity of Married Persons

01/01/2006

12/06/2006

Positive

Lesotho allowed women to be head of household.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2007

Act No.9 of 2006 Legal Capacity of Married Persons

01/01/2006

12/06/2006

Positive

Lesotho introduced the Legal Capacity of Married Persons Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2008

Act No.9 of 2006 Legal Capacity of Married Persons

11/01/2006

12/06/2006

Positive

Lesotho allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2008

Act No.9 of 2006 Legal Capacity of Married Persons

01/01/2006

12/06/2006

Positive

Lesotho granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2012

Land Act 2010

01/01/2010

06/14/2010

Positive

Lesotho equalized inheritance rights for sons and daughters.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1974

Domestic Relations Law - Title 9 - Liberian Code of Laws Revised of 1973

04/10/1973

Positive

Liberia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1974

Domestic Relations Law - Title 9 - Liberian Code of Laws Revised of 1973

04/10/1973

Positive

Liberia enacted a new Domestic Relations Law allowing a woman to sing a legally biding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1974

Domestic Relations Law - Title 9 - Liberian Code of Laws Revised of 1973

04/10/1973

Positive

Liberia allowed women to be head of household.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1974

Domestic Relations Law - Title 9 - Liberian Code of Laws Revised of 1973

04/10/1973

#N/A

Positive

Liberia allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2017

An Act to Repeal Title 18 of the Executive Law, Labor Practices Law and to establish in lieu thereof the Decent Work Act 2015

06/26/2015

Positive

Liberia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2017

An Act to Repeal Title 18 of the Executive Law, Labor Practices Law and to establish in lieu thereof the Decent Work Act 2015

06/26/2015

Positive

Liberia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2017

An Act to Repeal Title 18 of the Executive Law, Labor Practices Law and to establish in lieu thereof the Decent Work Act 2015

06/26/2015

Positive

Liberia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2019

The Domestic Violence Act of 2019

01/19/2018

Positive

Liberia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Libya

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

1985

Law No. (10) of 1984 regarding provisions for marriage and divorce and their effects

04/19/1984

Positive

Libya no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Libya

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2011

Law No. (12) For 2010 concerning of labor relations.

01/28/2010

Positive

Libya prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Libya

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2011

Law No. (12) For 2010 concerning of labor relations.

01/28/2010

Positive

Libya mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Libya

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2011

Law No. (12) For 2010 concerning of labor relations.

01/28/2010

Negative

Libya set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Libya

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2011

Law No. (12) For 2010 concerning of labor relations.

01/28/2010

Positive

Libya prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Pension

1972

Law on State Social Insurance Pensions of the Republic of Lithuania

12/09/1971

04/01/1972

Negative

Lithuania set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1973

Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania

12/09/1971

Positive

Lithuania prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Workplace

1973

Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania

01/01/1972

Positive

Lithuania prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Pension

1974

Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania

06/01/1972

Positive

Lithuania no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Pension

1996

Law on State Social Insurance Pensions of the Republic of Lithuania

07/18/1994

01/01/1995

Positive

Lithuania no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Pay

2000

Law on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men of the Republic of Lithuania

12/01/1998

03/01/1999

Positive

Lithuania mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Workplace

2000

Law on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men of the Republic of Lithuania

12/01/1998

03/01/1999

Positive

Lithuania enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2002

Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania

12/21/2000

01/01/2001

Positive

Lithuania introduced paid parental leave.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Workplace

2002

Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania

09/26/2000

#N/A

Positive

Lithuania adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2004

Law on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men of the Republic of Lithuania

12/13/2004

Positive

Lithuania introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Pay

2004

Law on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men of the Republic of Lithuania

10/14/2003

11/05/2003

Positive

Lithuania eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Pension

2005

Law on State Social Insurance Pensions of the Republic of Lithuania

11/18/2003

07/01/2004

Negative

Lithuania set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2008

Law on Sickness and Maternity Social Insurance

12/20/2007

Positive

Lithuania introduced paid paternity leave.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Marriage

2013

Law on Protection Against Domestic Violence of the Republic of Lithuania

05/26/2011

12/15/2011

Positive

Lithuania enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Assets

1974

Civil Code

12/12/1972

12/25/1972

Positive

Luxembourg granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1974

Grand-ducal Regulation of 10 July 1974 on Equal Pay for Men and Women

12/12/1972

12/25/1972

Positive

Luxembourg introduced new legislation allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Marriage

1974

Civil Code

12/12/1972

12/25/1972

Positive

Luxembourg no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Mobility

1974

Civil Code

12/12/1972

12/25/1972

Positive

Luxembourg reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Workplace

1974

Civil Code

12/12/1972

12/25/1972

Positive

Luxembourg allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Assets

1975

Civil Code

02/04/1974

02/25/1974

Positive

Luxembourg granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Pay

1976

Grand-ducal Regulation of 10 July 1974 on Equal Pay for Men and Women

07/10/1974

Positive

Luxembourg mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1977

Social Security Code

07/03/1975

07/10/1975

Positive

Luxembourg prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Workplace

1983

Act of 8 December 1981 Concerning Equal Treatment for Men and Women as Regards Access to Employment, Vocational Training and Promotion, and Working Conditions

11/24/1981

12/08/1981

Positive

Luxembourg prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2000

Law of 12 February 1999 concerning the implementation of the national action plan for employment 1998

01/01/1991

03/02/1999

Positive

Luxembourg introduced paid parental leave.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Workplace

2001

Act of 26 May 2000 on Protection against Sexual Harassment in Labor Relations

05/26/2000

07/04/2000

Positive

Luxembourg enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Pension

2002

Social Security Code

06/28/2001

Positive

Luxembourg explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Marriage

2005

Domestic Violence Act of 8 September 2003

09/08/2003

10/07/2003

Positive

Luxembourg enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Pay

2008

Labor Code

10/24/2007

12/28/2007

Positive

Luxembourg eliminated restrictions on women's employment in mining and in industrial undertakings at night.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2009

Law of 21 December 2007 transposing Directive 2004/113/EC

12/21/2007

12/24/2007

Positive

Luxembourg introduced a new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2012

Labor Code

08/03/2010

08/12/2010

Positive

Luxembourg introduced paid paternity leave.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Marriage

2016

Civil Code

07/04/2014

12/31/2014

Positive

Luxembourg gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1977

Law No. 2003-44 establishing the Labor Code

05/17/1975

Positive

Madagascar prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1996

Social Security Code

08/11/1994

Positive

Madagascar explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2002

Law No. 2003-44 establishing the Labor Code

09/12/2000

11/30/2000

Positive

Madagascar enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2006

Law No. 2003-44 establishing the Labor Code

07/28/2004

Positive

Madagascar lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2006

Law No. 2003-44 establishing the Labor Code

07/28/2004

Positive

Madagascar prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2009

Law No. 2007-022 of 20 August 2007 Relating to Marriage and Matrimonial Regimes

06/28/2007

08/20/2007

Positive

Madagascar granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. Madagascar granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2015

Social Security Code

03/14/2013

07/02/2013

Positive

Madagascar equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2021

Law No. 2019-008 on Combating Gender-Based Violence

12/13/2019

01/21/2020

Positive

Madagascar enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1995

Constitution of Malawi

05/16/1994

Positive

Malawi's new constitution equalized inheritance rights for male and female surviving spouses.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2001

Employment Act

05/14/2000

09/01/2000

Positive

Malawi prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2006

Employment Act

05/14/2000

09/01/2000

Positive

Malawi mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2001

Employment Act

05/14/2000

Positive

Malawi prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2001

Employment Act

05/14/2000

09/01/2000

Positive

Malawi eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2008

Law on Gender Equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina

12/29/2006

Positive

Malawi enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2013

Pension Act of 7 April 2011

04/01/2011

06/01/2011

Positive

Malawi introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2014

Gender Equality Act

04/19/2013

04/01/2014

Positive

Malawi enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2016

Marriage, Divorce and Family Relations Act

02/12/2015

04/17/2022

Positive

Malawi passed the Marriage, Divorce and Family Relations Bill, which recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2023

Employment (Amendment) Act, 2021

07/07/2021

10/07/2021

Positive

Malawi introduced paid paternity leave.

Malaysia

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

1986

Islamic Family Law (Federal Territories) Act 1984

06/27/1984

Positive

Malaysia recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Malaysia

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

1996

Domestic Violence Act 1994

07/07/1994

06/01/1996

Positive

Malaysia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Malaysia

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2013

Employment Act 1955

02/09/2012

04/01/2012

Positive

Malaysia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Maldives

South Asia

Parenthood

2009

Employment Act

05/26/2008

07/11/2008

Positive

Maldives prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Maldives

South Asia

Pay

2009

Employment Act

05/26/2008

07/11/2008

Positive

Maldives allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Maldives

South Asia

Workplace

2009

Employment Act

05/26/2008

Positive

Maldives prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Maldives

South Asia

Parenthood

2010

Employment Act

05/26/2008

07/11/2008

Positive

Maldives introduced paid paternity leave.

Maldives

South Asia

Pension

2010

Maldives Pension Act

05/13/2009

Positive

Maldives introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Maldives

South Asia

Marriage

2013

Domestic Violence Act

04/23/2012

Positive

Maldives enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Maldives

South Asia

Workplace

2015

Sexual Harassment and Abuse Prevention Act 2014

04/27/2014

05/13/2014

Positive

Maldives enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Maldives

South Asia

Entrepreneurship

2018

Gender Equality Act

08/23/2016

Positive

Maldives' Gender Equality Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Mali

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1994

Labor Code

09/23/1992

Positive

Mali increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Mali

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2001

Law No. 99-41 of 12 August 1999 on the Social Security Code

08/12/1999

Positive

Mali explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Mali

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2013

Individual and Family Code

12/30/2011

Positive

Mali equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Mali

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2019

Law No. 2017-021/ of 12 June 2017 Amending Law No. 92-020 of 23 September 1992 on the Labor Code in the Republic of Mali

06/12/2017

Positive

Mali enacted legislation that mandates equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Mali

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2019

Law No. 2017-021/ of 12 June 2017 Amending Law No. 92-020 of 23 September 1992 on the Labor Code in the Republic of Mali

06/12/2017

Positive

Mali enacted legislation that prohibits discrimination in employment based on gender.

Mali

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2019

InterMinisterial Order n°2017-1670/MSPC-MAECI-MEF-MMEIA-SG of 2 June 2017 determining the conditions for issuing the National Biometric Passport

06/02/2017

Positive

Mali allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

1975

Civil Code

11/21/1973

12/01/1973

Positive

Malta allowed women to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without their husband's consent.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

1982

OPM Circular No 103/80

12/31/1980

Positive

Malta allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

1982

Social Security Act

04/07/1981

04/10/1981

Positive

Malta prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1988

Social Security Act

01/11/1987

Negative

Malta set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Assets

1995

Civil Code

08/20/1993

Positive

Malta granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during the marriage. It also granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

1995

Civil Code

08/20/1993

Positive

Malta allowed women to be head of household.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

1995

Civil Code

08/20/1993

Positive

Malta reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2001

Protection of Maternity (Employment) Regulations

01/01/2001

Positive

Malta increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2003

Employment and Industrial Relations Act

12/02/2002

Positive

Malta mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2004

Employment and Industrial Relations Act

12/02/2002

Negative

Malta set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2004

Employment and Industrial Relations Act

10/25/2002

12/02/2002

Positive

Malta enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

2005

Equality for Men and Women Act

02/04/2003

12/09/2003

Positive

Malta introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2005

Equal Treatment in Employment Regulations

11/05/2004

Positive

Malta prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2007

Gender Based Violence and Domestic Violence Act

12/16/2005

02/28/2006

Positive

Malta enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2009

Minimum Special Leave Entitlement Regulations

06/29/2007

Positive

Malta introduced paid paternity leave.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2013

Civil Code

07/29/2011

10/01/2011

Positive

Malta legalized divorce, equally granting the right to both spouses. There is no waiting period before remarriage for either spouse.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2015

Equality for Men and Women Act

02/20/2015

Positive

Malta equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2023

The Work-Life Balance for Parents and Carers Regulations, 2022

07/12/2022

08/02/2022

Positive

Malta introduced paid parental leave.

Marshall Islands

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2013

Domestic Violence Prevention and Protection Act 2011

09/29/2011

10/17/2011

Positive

Marshall Islands enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Marshall Islands

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

2021

Gender Equality Act 2019

10/01/2019

10/01/2020

Positive

The Marshall Islands made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination when providing financial services.

Marshall Islands

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2021

Gender Equality Act 2019

10/01/2019

Positive

The Marshall Islands mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Marshall Islands

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2021

Gender Equality Act 2019

10/01/2019

Positive

The Marshall Islands prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Mauritania

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1975

Collective Labor Agreement

02/13/1974

Positive

Mauritania introduced paid paternity leave.

Mauritania

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2016

Act No. 67-039 of 27 March 1967 establishing a social security scheme

12/31/2014

Positive

Mauritania equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1978

National Pensions Act

10/22/1976

12/01/1976

Positive

Mauritius introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1981

Code Civil

10/31/1980

Positive

Mauritius granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1982

Code Civil

10/31/1980

Positive

Mauritius allowed women to be head of household.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1982

Code Civil

10/31/1980

Positive

Mauritius reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1999

Protection from Domestic Violence Act

05/27/1997

08/15/1997

Positive

Mauritius enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2000

Criminal Code

08/18/1998

08/22/1998

Positive

Mauritius enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2010

Equal Opportunities Act 2008

12/30/2008

07/04/1905

Positive

Mauritius' Equal Opportunity Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2010

Employment Rights Act 2008

09/23/2008

Positive

Mauritius prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2010

Employment Rights Act 2008

09/23/2008

Positive

Mauritius eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2010

Equal Opportunities Act 2008

12/16/2008

Positive

Mauritius prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2014

The Workers’ Rights Act 2019 – Act No. 20 of 2019

05/06/2013

05/09/2013

Positive

Mauritius mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2017

Employment Rights Act 2008

05/14/2015

Positive

Mauritius increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1976

Civil Code for the Federal District

12/31/1974

03/03/1975

Positive

Mexico allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1985

Civil Code for the Federal District

12/27/1983

Positive

Mexico amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1992

Federal Penal Code

12/20/1990

01/22/1991

Positive

Mexico enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2001

Civil Code for the Federal District

05/25/2000

Positive

Mexico recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2001

Civil Code for the Federal District

05/25/2000

Positive

Mexico gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2008

General Law on Women's Access to a Life Free of Violence

02/01/2007

02/02/2007

Positive

Mexico enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2010

Civil Code for the Federal District

09/18/2008

10/03/2008

Positive

Mexico allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as a man.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2014

Federal Labor Law

11/30/2012

Positive

Mexico prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2014

Federal Labor Law

11/13/2012

Positive

Mexico prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2015

General Law for Equality between Women and Men

10/08/2013

11/14/2013

Positive

Mexico's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Micronesia, Fed. Sts.

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2019

An Act Adding a New Title 53 of the Pohnpei Code relative to Domestic Issues and Inserting a New Chapter 1 therein relating to Domestic Violence; amending 59 PC 4-101 of the Pohnpei Code to provide consistency therewith; and for other purposes

11/07/2017

12/12/2017

Positive

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova

07/15/1970

01/01/1971

Negative

Moldova set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1972

Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova

07/15/1970

01/01/1971

Positive

Moldova prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2004

Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova

03/28/2003

10/01/2003

Positive

Moldova prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1992

Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova

12/05/1990

Positive

Moldova introduced paid parental leave.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1998

Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova

03/04/1997

Positive

Moldova no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2000

Law on State Pension System

10/14/1998

01/01/1999

Positive

Moldova explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2004

Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova

03/28/2003

Positive

Moldova mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2007

Law on State Registration of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs

02/09/2006

Positive

Moldova introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2007

Law on Equal Opportunities for Men and Women

02/09/2006

03/24/2006

Positive

Moldova enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2009

Law on Preventing and Combating Family Violence

03/01/2007

09/18/2008

Positive

Moldova enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2012

Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova

07/09/2010

09/07/2010

Positive

Moldova lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2018

Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova

04/14/2016

05/27/2016

Positive

Moldova introduced paid paternity leave.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2019

Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova

07/20/2017

08/25/2017

Positive

Moldova lifted restrictions on women’s ability to hold jobs deemed dangerous. It also eliminated restrictions on women’s ability to work in certain industries. Now, such restrictions are limited to women who are pregnant, nursing or postpartum.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2019

Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova

07/20/2017

08/25/2017

Negative

Moldova introduced different mandatory retirement ages for women and men. Employers may now terminate the contracts of women at age 58 and 6 months and of men at age 63. The ages are set to equalize in 2028.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1992

Labor Code

01/24/1991

02/14/1991

Positive

Mongolia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1992

Labor Code

05/14/1990

07/01/1999

Positive

Mongolia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2010

Order No. 107 of 2008 Workplaces and Occupations that are a General Danger to the Health, Life, Ethics, Safety, and Development of Minors

09/26/2008

Positive

Mongolia eliminated all restrictions on women's employment.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

2012

Law on Promotion of Gender Equality

02/02/2011

Positive

Mongolia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2012

Law on Promotion of Gender Equality

02/02/2011

Positive

Mongolia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2018

Law on Combating Domestic Violence

12/22/2016

02/01/2007

Positive

Mongolia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2019

Labor Code

01/01/2018

Positive

Mongolia introduced paid parental leave.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2023

The Law of Mongolia 07/02/2021 on Labor

07/02/2021

01/01/2022

Positive

Mongolia introduced paid paternity leave.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2023

The Law of Mongolia 07/02/2021 on Labor

07/02/2021

01/01/2022

Positive

Mongolia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1992

Labor Law

07/31/1990

Positive

Montenegro equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2004

Law on Pension and Disability Insurance

04/01/2003

Positive

Montenegro no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2005

Labor Law

07/09/2003

Positive

Montenegro prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2009

Law on Gender Equality

07/31/2007

08/08/2007

Positive

Montenegro enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2012

Law on Prohibition of Discrimination

07/27/2010

Positive

Montenegro's Prohibition of Discrimination Law made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2012

Law on Domestic Violence Protection

07/27/2010

08/14/2010

Positive

Montenegro enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2012

Labor Law

08/15/2008

08/08/2008

Negative

Montenegro set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2013

Labor Law

11/24/2011

12/12/2011

Positive

Montenegro introduced paid parental leave.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2014

Law on Prohibition of Discrimination

05/29/2012

06/04/2012

Positive

Montenegro enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2021

Labor Law

12/30/2019

01/07/2020

Positive

Montenegro eliminated restrictions on women's employment in industrial jobs such as mining, construction, manufacturing and the water sector. It also removed restrictions on women's employment in jobs deemed dangerous.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

1995

Circular from the Ministry of the Interior No. 93-77

04/19/1994

Positive

Morocco enacted new legislation which no longer requires a married woman her husband's consent when applying for a passport.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

1997

Commercial Code

08/11/1995

Positive

Morocco allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

2005

Law No. 24-03 amended Penal Code

11/11/2003

01/15/2004

Positive

Morocco amended its Penal Code that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2005

Family Code

02/03/2004

02/05/2004

Positive

Morocco allowed women to be head of household. Morocco no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2006

Labor Code

09/11/2003

11/06/2004

Positive

Morocco prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2005

Labor Code

09/11/2003

Positive

Morocco mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2005

Labor Code

09/11/2003

Positive

Morocco prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2005

Labor Code

09/11/2003

Positive

Morocco increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2019

Act No. 103-13 on combating violence against women

02/22/2018

07/07/2018

Positive

Morocco enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1987

Law No. 23/2007

12/14/1985

06/14/1986

Positive

Mozambique prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2006

Family Law No. 10/2004

08/25/2004

02/25/2005

Positive

Mozambique granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2006

Family Law No. 10/2004

08/25/2004

02/25/2005

Positive

Mozambique introduced a new Family Law allowing a woman to sing a legally biding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2006

The Civil Code of 1966

08/25/2004

02/25/2005

Positive

Mozambique allowed women to be head of household and gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2006

Family Law No. 10/2004

08/25/2004

02/25/2005

Positive

Mozambique introduced a new Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2006

Family Law No. 10/2004

08/25/2004

Positive

Mozambique allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2009

Law No. 23/2007

05/11/2007

08/01/2007

Positive

Mozambique introduced paid paternity leave. It also began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2009

Decree No. 51

05/11/2007

07/07/2007

Positive

Mozambique explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2009

Law No. 23/2007

08/01/2007

11/01/2007

Positive

Mozambique prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2011

Law No. 29/2009

09/29/2009

03/29/2010

Positive

Mozambique enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2019

The Mozambique Code of Conduct for Institutions Credit and Financial Institutions of March 22, 2018

03/23/2018

Positive

Mozambique made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Myanmar

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2014

Social Security Law 2012

08/31/2012

Positive

Myanmar increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1993

Labor Act

03/13/1992

04/08/1992

Positive

Namibia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1993

Labor Act

04/08/1992

04/16/1992

Positive

Namibia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1996

Social Security Act 34 of 1994

11/30/1994

01/15/1995

Positive

Namibia began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1997

Married Person Equality Act of 1996

05/20/1996

05/28/1996

Positive

Namibia removed the husband's marital power, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1997

Married Person Equality Act of 1996

05/20/1996

05/28/1996

Positive

Namibia enacted the Married Persons Equality Act abolishing the marital power provision to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1997

Married Person Equality Act of 1996

05/20/1996

05/28/1996

Positive

Namibia allowed women to be head of household.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1997

Married Person Equality Act of 1996

05/20/1996

05/28/1996

Positive

Namibia introduced the Married Persons Equality Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1997

Married Person Equality Act of 1996

05/20/1996

#N/A

Positive

Namibia allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2005

Combating of Domestic Violence Act, 2003

07/25/2003

11/17/2003

Positive

Namibia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2009

Labor Act

12/21/2007

11/01/2008

Positive

Namibia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2009

Labor Act

12/21/2007

11/01/2008

Positive

Namibia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Nepal

South Asia

Assets

2003

The National Civil (Code) Act

03/14/2002

Positive

Nepal granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Nepal

South Asia

Marriage

2008

Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts for Maintaining Gender Equality, 2063 (2006)

09/28/2006

Positive

Nepal allowed women to be head of household.

Nepal

South Asia

Marriage

2010

Domestic Violence (Crime and Punishment) Act, 2066 of 2009

04/27/2009

Positive

Nepal enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Nepal

South Asia

Workplace

2016

The Sexual Harassment at Workplace (Prevention) Act, 2014 (2071)

11/21/2014

02/20/2015

Positive

Nepal enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Nepal

South Asia

Assets

2019

The National Civil (Code) Act

10/16/2017

08/17/2018

Positive

Nepal equalized inheritance rights for sons and daughters and for male and female surviving spouses.

Nepal

South Asia

Marriage

2019

The National Civil (Code) Act

10/16/2017

08/17/2018

Positive

Nepal allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as a man.

Nepal

South Asia

Mobility

2019

The National Civil (Code) Act

08/02/2017

08/17/2018

Negative

Nepal introduced a provision that restricts women from choosing where to live in the same way as men.

Nepal

South Asia

Parenthood

2019

Labor Act 2017

09/04/2017

Positive

Nepal introduced 15 days of paid paternity leave.

Nepal

South Asia

Pay

2019

Labor Act 2017

09/04/2017

Positive

Nepal lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night. It also mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Nepal

South Asia

Workplace

2019

Labor Act 2017

09/04/2017

Positive

Nepal enacted new legislation that prohibits discrimination in employment based on gender.

Nepal

South Asia

Parenthood

2020

Social Security Act 2018

11/22/2018

Positive

Nepal increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Nepal

South Asia

Pension

2020

Social Security Act 2018

11/19/2018

Positive

Nepal adopted its first old age pension system that allows both women and men to retire with full pension benefits at age 60. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Pay

1976

Council Directive of 10 February 1975 on the Approximation of the Laws of the Member States relating to the Application of the Principle of Equal Pay for Men and Women

03/20/1975

Positive

The Netherlands mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Workplace

1981

Equal Treatment Act

03/01/1980

03/14/1980

Positive

The Netherlands prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Pay

1987

An Act to Amend the Labour Act 1919 by Making Provisions in Connection with the Cancellation of the Ban on Night Work by Women in Factories or Workplaces

05/05/1986

Positive

The Netherlands eliminated restrictions on women's ability to work at night in factories and other industrial workplaces.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Pay

1990

Council Directive 76/207/EEC of 9 February 1976 on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions

04/11/1989

Positive

The Netherlands lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1991

Dutch Civil Code

02/03/1990

02/22/1990

Positive

The Netherlands prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1995

Equal Treatment Act

03/02/1994

Positive

The Netherlands' Equal Treatment Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Workplace

2000

Working Conditions Act

03/18/1999

03/29/1999

Positive

The Netherlands enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Workplace

2008

Working Conditions Act

11/03/2006

01/01/2007

Positive

The Netherlands adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2010

Work and Care Act

06/10/2009

Positive

The Netherlands introduced paid paternity leave.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Marriage

2016

Social Support Act 2015

07/09/2014

#N/A

Positive

The Netherlands enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2023

Decree of 26 April 2022

04/26/2022

08/02/2022

Positive

The Netherlands introduced paid parental leave.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Assets

1978

Married Women's Property Act

12/14/1976

02/01/1977

Positive

New Zealand explicitly recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Mobility

1978

Domicile Act of 1976

08/31/1976

Positive

New Zealand introduced the Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Workplace

1979

Human Rights Act 1993

11/21/1977

Positive

New Zealand prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1982

Maternity Leave and Employment Protection Act 1980

01/13/1981

04/01/1981

Positive

New Zealand prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Pay

1983

Factories and Commercial Premises Act 1981

03/23/1981

03/23/1982

Positive

New Zealand lifted the ban on women's employment

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Workplace

1988

Labour Relations Act 1987

05/27/1987

08/01/1987

Positive

New Zealand enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1995

Property (Relationships) Act of 1976

08/10/1993

02/01/1994

Positive

New Zealand introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Marriage

1997

Family Violence (Amendments) Act 2018

12/15/1995

#N/A

Positive

New Zealand enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2003

Parental Leave and Employment Protection Act 1987

03/30/2002

07/01/2002

Positive

New Zealand's government began administering maternity benefits.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2007

Parental Leave and Employment Protection Act 1987

12/01/2004

12/01/2005

Positive

New Zealand increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2017

Parental Leave and Employment Protection Act 1987

03/17/2016

04/01/2016

Positive

New Zealand introduced paid parental leave.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Pay

2021

Equal Pay Amendment Act 2020

08/06/2020

10/31/2020

Positive

New Zealand mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1983

GENERAL REGULATION OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY Law (Executive Decree No. 7 of 1956)

02/11/1982

03/01/1982

Negative

Nicaragua no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1989

Family Code

04/28/1988

04/29/1988

Positive

Nicaragua recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions, including domestic work.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1989

Family Code

04/28/1988

04/29/1988

Positive

Nicaragua allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1998

Labor Code

09/05/1996

10/30/1996

Positive

Nicaragua prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2009

Penal Code

05/09/2008

07/08/2008

Positive

Nicaragua enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2009

Penal Code

11/16/2007

11/23/2007

Positive

Nicaragua enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2015

Law No. 842 on the Protection of the Rights of Consumers and Users

06/13/2013

Positive

Nicaragua's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2016

Family Code

06/24/2014

08/27/2014

Positive

Nicaragua allowed women to be head of household and gave them the same rights to remarry as men.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

2016

Family Code

06/24/2014

04/08/2015

Positive

Nicaragua introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2016

Family Code

06/24/2014

04/08/2015

Positive

Nicaragua introduced paid paternity leave.

Niger

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1974

Interprofessional collective agreement of 15 December 1972 Notice relating to the extension of the interprofessional collective agreement

12/15/1972

05/10/1973

Positive

Niger introduced paid paternity leave.

Niger

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1998

Law No. 2012-45 on the Labor Code

06/29/1996

Positive

Niger prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Niger

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1998

Law No. 2012-45 on the Labor Code

06/29/1996

Positive

Niger mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Niger

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1998

Law No. 2012-45 on the Labor Code

06/29/1996

Positive

Niger prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Niger

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2005

Penal Code of Niger (2003) as amended by Law No. 2008-18

06/13/2003

04/07/2004

Positive

Niger enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Niger

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2019

Decree No. 2017-682/PRN/MET/PS of 10 August 2017 on the regulatory part of the Labor Code

08/10/2017

Positive

Niger removed restrictions on women’s employment in mining, construction and manufacturing. Women can now work in these industries in the same way as men.

Nigeria

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1973

Administration of Estates Law of Lagos

05/25/1905

Positive

Nigeria equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Nigeria

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2008

Lagos State of Nigeria a Law to provide protection against domestic violence and for connected purposes

05/18/2007

Positive

Nigeria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Nigeria

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2013

A Bill for a Law to provide rules on criminal conduct, regulate public order and for connected purposes

08/08/2011

Positive

Nigeria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Nigeria

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2022

Passport application procedures

11/03/2020

Positive

Nigeria allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men.

North Macedonia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2007

Criminal Code

07/22/2005

07/30/2005

Positive

North Macedonia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

North Macedonia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1995

Criminal Code

12/27/1993

Positive

North Macedonia equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

North Macedonia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2004

Act of 31 March 2003 to Amend and Supplement the Labour Relations Act

03/31/2003

04/16/2003

Positive

North Macedonia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

North Macedonia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2007

Law on Equal Opportunities for Men and Women

05/29/2006

06/06/2006

Positive

North Macedonia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

North Macedonia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2010

Criminal Code

07/10/2009

Positive

North Macedonia introduced paid paternity leave.

North Macedonia

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2011

Law on Ownership and Other Real Rights

04/08/2010

04/13/2010

Positive

North Macedonia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

North Macedonia

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2016

Law on Prevention, Suppression and Protection from Domestic Violence

09/17/2014

01/01/2015

Positive

North Macedonia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Norway

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1978

Holidays Act No. 21 of 1988

04/21/1978

05/05/1978

Positive

Norway prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It began administering maternity benefits. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Norway

High income: OECD

Pay

1980

Act (No. 45 of 1978) relating to Gender Equality (Gender Equality Act)

06/09/1978

Positive

Norway mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Norway

High income: OECD

Workplace

1980

Act on Gender Equality (the Gender Equality Act)

06/09/1978

Positive

Norway prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Norway

High income: OECD

Marriage

1993

Marriage Act

07/04/1991

01/01/1993

Positive

Norway gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Norway

High income: OECD

Pension

1993

Care Credits Program 1992

08/31/1992

Positive

Norway explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Norway

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1994

National Insurance Act

05/27/1995

Positive

Norway introduced paid paternity leave.

Norway

High income: OECD

Workplace

2004

Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act

06/14/2002

07/01/2002

Positive

Norway enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Norway

High income: OECD

Marriage

2010

Amendment Act to the Criminal Code No. 28 of 20 May 2005

06/19/2009

Positive

Norway enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Oman

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1993

Social Insurance Law

07/02/1991

Positive

Oman introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Oman

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2004

Labor Law

04/26/2003

06/03/2003

Positive

Oman enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Oman

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2022

Passport Application Procedures

01/01/2021

Positive

Oman allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men.

Pakistan

South Asia

Pension

1977

Employees Old Age Benefits Act

04/05/1976

04/19/1976

Positive

Pakistan introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Pakistan

South Asia

Entrepreneurship

1986

Companies Act of 2017

10/08/1984

Negative

Pakistan introduced a new companies law that prescribes additional procedures for women when registering a business compared to men.

Pakistan

South Asia

Pension

1988

Employees Old Age Benefits Act

06/29/1986

07/01/1986

Negative

Pakistan set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Pakistan

South Asia

Workplace

2011

The Protection Against Harassment of Women at the Workplace Act 2010

03/11/2010

Positive

Pakistan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Pakistan

South Asia

Marriage

2014

The Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act, 2013

03/12/2013

Positive

Pakistan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Pakistan

South Asia

Workplace

2018

The Sindh Terms of Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 2015. Sindh Act No. XI of 2016.

04/12/2016

Positive

Pakistan prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Pakistan

South Asia

Parenthood

2019

The Sindh Maternity Benefits Act

05/23/2018

Positive

Pakistan increased the duration of paid maternity leave from 84 to 112 days.

Pakistan

South Asia

Entrepreneurship

2021

Companies (Amendment) Ordinance

05/05/2020

Positive

Pakistan allowed women to register a business in the same way as a men.

Pakistan

South Asia

Entrepreneurship

2022

The Companies (Amendment) Bill, 2020

08/26/2020

Negative

Pakistan failed to convert into law a decree that would permanently equalize men’s and women’s ability to register a business.

Pakistan

South Asia

Pay

2022

The Sindh Shops and Commercial Establishment (Amendment) Act, 2021. Sindh Act No.XXV of 2021.

07/05/2021

07/28/2021

Positive

Pakistan lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Pakistan

South Asia

Entrepreneurship

2023

Companies (Amendment) Act, 2021

12/04/2021

Positive

Pakistan allowed women to register a business in the same way as men.

Palau

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2014

Palau Family Protection Act

11/01/2012

11/13/2012

Positive

Palau enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1995

Family Code

04/27/1994

05/17/1994

Positive

Panama recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1995

Family Code

04/27/1994

05/17/1994

Positive

Panama allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1995

Family Code

04/27/1994

05/17/1994

Positive

Panama allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1996

Family Code

10/17/1994

Positive

Panama allowed women to register a business in the same way as men.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1996

Judgment of the Supreme Court of Justice (Panama), 3rd Administrative and Labor Contentious, August 2, 1994

04/29/1994

Positive

Panama removed ban on women's employment in mining and construction.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1996

Supreme Court Decision of July 12 of 1994 - Action of Unconstitutionality formulated by Lcda. MariBlanca against Art. 31 of Commercial Code.; Supreme Court of Justice - October 1994 - Action of Unconstitutionality formulated by Lcda. Mill against Arts. 1, 2, and 57 of the Commercial Code

10/17/1994

Positive

Panama allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1997

Labor Code

08/12/1995

08/14/1995

Positive

Panama enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2003

Law No. 38 of 2001

07/10/2001

07/23/2001

Positive

Panama enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2006

Law No. 11 of 2005 on prohibiting labor discrimination

04/22/2005

Positive

Panama prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2015

Law No. 82 of 2013

10/04/2013

10/24/2013

Positive

Panama adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2018

Law No. 27 of 2017

05/23/2017

05/24/2017

Positive

Panama introduced paid paternity leave.

Papua New Guinea

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1980

Employment Act 1978

08/21/1978

01/01/1981

Positive

Papua New Guinea prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Papua New Guinea

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1982

Superannuation Regulation 2002

01/01/1980

Positive

Papua New Guinea introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Papua New Guinea

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2015

Family Protection Act 2013

09/18/2013

03/11/2014

Positive

Papua New Guinea enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1976

Labor Code

12/27/1974

02/25/1975

Positive

Paraguay lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1987

Law No. 1/92 on the Partial Reform of the Civil Code

12/18/1985

12/23/1985

Positive

Paraguay introduced a Civil Code allowing a woman choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1994

Law No. 1/92 on the Partial Reform of the Civil Code

07/15/1992

Positive

Paraguay granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1994

Law No. 1/92 on the Partial Reform of the Civil Code

07/15/1992

Positive

Paraguay amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to register a business in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1994

Law No. 45/91 Establishing the Tied Divorce of Marriage

10/01/1991

Positive

Paraguay allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men and gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1994

Law No. 213 established the Labor Code

10/29/1993

Positive

Paraguay allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. It also prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1995

Law that Modifies the Law that Establishes the Labor Code_2021

06/29/1993

10/29/1993

Positive

Paraguay mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1999

Penal Code

10/26/1997

11/26/1997

Positive

Paraguay enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2000

Law No. 1.334/98 on Consumer and User Protection

10/27/1998

10/30/1998

Positive

Paraguay introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2002

Law No. 1600 against domestic violence

09/21/2000

#N/A

Positive

Paraguay enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2017

Law Nº 5508 / PROMOTION, PROTECTION OF MATERNITY AND SUPPORT FOR BREASTFEEDING

10/28/2015

10/29/2015

Positive

Paraguay increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1986

Civil Code

07/24/1984

11/14/1984

Positive

Peru's new Civil Code granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. It also recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1986

Civil Code

07/24/1984

11/14/1984

Positive

Peru allowed women to be head of household.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1986

Civil Code

07/24/1984

11/14/1984

Positive

Peru introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1986

Civil Code

07/25/1984

11/14/1984

Positive

Peru allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1993

Legislative Decree Num. 728, which enacts the employment promotion Law

11/08/1991

12/20/1991

Negative

Peru set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1995

Law No. 26260 on Protection from Family Violence

12/08/1993

12/25/1993

Positive

Peru enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1997

Law No. 26504 Modifies the Health Benefits Regime, the National Pension System, the Private Pension Funds and the structure of contributions to FONAVI

07/17/1995

07/18/1995

Positive

Peru equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1998

Supreme Decree No. 003-97-TR Labor Productivity and Competitiveness Law

03/21/1997

03/28/1997

Positive

Peru prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1998

Supreme Decree No. 003-97-TR Labor Productivity and Competitiveness Law

03/21/1997

03/28/1997

Positive

Peru equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1998

Law No. 26772 provides that offers of employment and access to educational training may not contain requirements that constitute discrimination, annulment or alteration of equal opportunities or treatment

03/26/1997

04/17/1997

Positive

Peru prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2000

Consumer Protection and Defense Code

12/28/1998

12/31/1998

Positive

Peru's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2004

Law No. 27942 Law on the Prevention and Punishment of Sexual Harassment

02/26/2003

02/27/2003

Positive

Peru enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2008

Law No. 28983 Law on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men

03/16/2007

03/17/2007

Positive

Peru mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2011

Law No. 30807 of 4 July 2018, amending Law No. 29409, which grants the right to paternity leave to workers in the public and private sectors

09/18/2009

09/19/2009

Positive

Peru introduced paid paternity leave.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2017

Law No. 30367 Law PROTECTING THE MOTHER WORKER AGAINST AARBITRARY DISMISSAL AND EXTENDING HER RESTING PERIOD

11/06/2015

11/25/2015

Positive

Peru increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1974

Presidential Decree No. 24, s. 1972

10/19/1972

Positive

The Philippines's social security system began administering maternity benefits.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1975

Labor Code

05/01/1974

Positive

The Philippines prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

1989

Family Code

06/06/1987

Positive

The Philippines introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, open a bank account, and register a business in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Mobility

1989

Family Code

06/06/1987

Positive

The Philippines introduced a Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1989

Family Code

07/06/1987

07/21/1987

Positive

The Philippines allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

1990

Labor Code

05/12/1989

05/27/1989

Positive

The Philippines mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

1993

Women in Development and Nation Building Act (Republic Act No. 7192)

12/11/1991

Positive

The Philippines introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1996

Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 (Republic Act No. 7877)

02/14/1995

03/05/1995

Positive

The Philippines enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1998

Paternity Leave Act of 1996 (Republic Act No. 8187)

06/11/1996

07/07/1996

Positive

The Philippines introduced paid paternity leave.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2005

Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 (Republic Act No. 9262)

03/08/2004

03/27/2004

Positive

The Philippines enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2013

Republic Act No. 10151 An Act Allowing the Employment of Night Workers, thereby Repealing Articles 130 and 131 of Presidential Decree Number Four Hundred Forty-two, as Amended, Otherwise Known as the Labor Code of the Philippines

06/21/2011

07/06/2011

Positive

The Philippines eliminated restrictions on women's ability to work in industrial undertakings at night. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2020

105-Day Expanded Maternity Leave Law (Republic Act No. 11210)

02/20/2019

03/07/2019

Negative

The Philippines enacted legislation that obliges employers to share in the administration of maternity benefits.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2020

105-Day Expanded Maternity Leave Law (Republic Act No. 11210)

02/20/2019

03/07/2019

Positive

The Philippines extended the duration of paid maternity leave from 60 to 105 days.

Poland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1974

Act of 26 June 1974 - Labor Code

07/06/1972

Positive

Poland increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Poland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1976

Act of 26 June 1974 - Labor Code

06/26/1974

Positive

Poland prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Poland

High income: OECD

Pension

1976

Act of 26 June 1974 - Labor Code

06/26/1974

Negative

Poland set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Poland

High income: OECD

Pension

1984

Act of 14 December 1982 on Pension Supply to Employees and Their Families

12/14/1982

Negative

Poland set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Poland

High income: OECD

Marriage

1999

Act of 29 July 2005 on Counteracting Domestic Violence

06/06/1997

09/01/1998

Positive

Poland enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Poland

High income: OECD

Pension

2000

Act of 17 December 1998 on Old-Age and Disability Pensions from Social Insurance

12/17/1998

Positive

Poland no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Poland

High income: OECD

Pay

2009

Act of 3 December 2010 on Implementation of Certain European Union Provisions in Equal Treatment

10/21/2009

Positive

Poland mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Poland

High income: OECD

Workplace

2010

Act of 3 December 2010 on Implementation of Certain European Union Provisions in Equal Treatment

11/21/2008

Positive

Poland enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Poland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2011

Act of 3 December 2010 on Implementation of Certain European Union Provisions in Equal Treatment

11/25/2010

11/28/2010

Positive

Poland introduced paid paternity leave.

Poland

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2012

Act of 3 December 2010 on Implementation of Certain European Union Provisions in Equal Treatment

12/03/2010

01/01/2011

Positive

Poland's Equal Treatment Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Poland

High income: OECD

Workplace

2012

Act of 3 December 2010 on Implementation of Certain European Union Provisions in Equal Treatment

12/10/2010

01/01/2011

Positive

Poland prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Poland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2014

Act of 26 June 1974 - Labor Code

03/17/2013

Positive

Poland introduced paid parental leave.

Poland

High income: OECD

Pension

2014

Act of 17 December 1998 on Old-Age and Disability Pensions from Social Insurance

05/11/2012

Negative

Poland set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Poland

High income: OECD

Pay

2018

Act of 26 June 1974 - Labor Code

08/03/2016

Positive

Poland allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also removed all restrictions on women's employment.

Poland

High income: OECD

Pension

2018

Act of 17 December 1998 on Old-Age and Disability Pensions from Social Insurance

11/16/2016

01/05/2017

Positive

Poland no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Assets

1979

Constitution of the Portuguese Republic

10/06/1977

04/01/1978

Positive

Portugal granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1979

Portuguese Civil Code

11/25/1977

04/01/1978

Positive

Portugal amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Marriage

1979

Portuguese Civil Code

11/25/1977

04/01/1978

Positive

Portugal allowed women to be head of household.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Mobility

1979

Portuguese Civil Code

11/25/1977

04/01/1978

Positive

Portugal reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Workplace

1979

Decree-Law No. 496/77 of November 25 1977

11/25/1977

04/01/1978

Positive

Portugal allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Pay

1981

Labor Code

08/31/1979

09/20/1979

Positive

Portugal mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Mobility

1990

Decree-Law No. 83/2000

10/15/1988

01/01/1989

Positive

Portugal introduced new legislation which no longer establishes differences in the application procedures for a married woman when applying for a passport.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Pension

1995

Decree-Law No. 91/2009

09/25/1993

01/01/1994

Positive

Portugal explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Marriage

1996

Penal Code

03/15/1995

10/01/1995

Positive

Portugal enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1997

Decree-Law No. 91/2009

06/09/1995

Positive

Portugal increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2001

Decree-Law No. 91/2009

08/31/1999

Positive

Portugal introduced paid paternity leave.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Pay

2005

Labor Code

08/27/2003

Positive

Portugal removed restrictions on women's employment in industrial undertakings.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Workplace

2005

Labor Code

08/27/2003

12/01/2003

Positive

Portugal enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Workplace

2006

Law No. 99/2003 Approving the Labor Code

08/06/2003

08/27/2003

Positive

Portugal prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2009

Law No. 14/2008

03/12/2008

03/15/2008

Positive

Portugal introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2010

Labor Code

02/12/2009

Positive

Portugal introduced paid parental leave.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Marriage

2021

Law No. 85/2019

08/06/2019

10/01/2019

Positive

Portugal gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Puerto Rico

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1976

Equal Credit Opportunity

10/28/1974

Positive

Puerto Rico's Equal Credit Opportunity Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Puerto Rico

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1978

Civil Code

06/02/1976

04/02/1976

Positive

Puerto Rico made both spouses administrators of marital property, granting them equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Puerto Rico

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1978

Civil Code

06/02/1976

04/02/1976

Positive

Puerto Rico no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Puerto Rico

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1978

Civil Code

06/02/1976

04/02/1976

Positive

Puerto Rico reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Puerto Rico

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1989

Law No. 17 of 22 April 1988

04/22/1988

06/21/1988

Positive

Puerto Rico enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Puerto Rico

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1991

Law No. 54 of 1989 (Domestic Violence Law)

08/15/1989

Positive

Puerto Rico enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Puerto Rico

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2021

Civil Code

06/01/2020

Positive

Puerto Rico gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Qatar

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2006

Law No. (14) of 2004 promulgating the Labor Law

05/19/2004

Negative

Qatar prohibited women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Qatar

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2008

Law No. (5) of 2007 amending some provisions of Decree-Law No. (14) of 1993 regarding passports

05/13/2007

Positive

Qatar introduced new legal amendments which no longer requires a married woman her guardian's consent when applying for a passport.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1973

Law Number: 10 of 25/11/72 Labor Code

11/25/1972

03/01/1973

Positive

Romania prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1974

Law Number: 10 of 25/11/72 Labor Code

11/25/1972

02/25/1973

Negative

Romania set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2001

Law No. 210 of 31 December 1999 on Parental Leave

12/15/1999

12/31/1999

Positive

Romania introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2003

Law No. 202 of 19 April 2002 on Equal Opportunities Between Women and Men

04/19/2002

05/19/2002

Positive

Romania mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2003

Law No. 202 of 19 April 2002 on Equal Opportunities Between Women and Men

05/08/2002

06/07/2002

Positive

Romania enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2004

Law No.217 of 22 May 2003 on Preventing and Combatting Domestic Violence

05/22/2003

08/27/2003

Positive

Romania enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2004

Law No. 202 of 19 April 2002 on Equal Opportunities Between Women and Men

01/24/2003

03/01/2003

Positive

Romania prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2004

Labor Code of 2003

01/24/2003

03/01/2003

Positive

Romania lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2008

Law No. 202 of 19 April 2002 on Equal Opportunities Between Women and Men

07/14/2006

09/15/2006

Positive

Romania's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Russian Federation

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

The Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of July 15, 1970 on the Approval of the Fundamentals of Labour Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics

07/01/1970

01/01/1971

Negative

The Russian Federation set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Russian Federation

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1973

Labor Code of the Russian Federation

12/09/1971

04/01/1972

Positive

The Russian Federation prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Russian Federation

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1973

Labor Code of the Russian Federation

12/09/1971

04/01/1972

Positive

The Russian Federation prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Russian Federation

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1992

Law on State Pensions in the Russian Federation

11/20/1990

Positive

The Russian Federation explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Russian Federation

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1993

Labor Code of the Russian Federation

03/12/1992

Positive

The Russian Federation no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Russian Federation

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1994

Law of the Russian Federation On the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to the Code of Labor Laws of the RSFSR

09/25/1992

10/06/1992

Positive

The Russian Federation introduced paid parental leave.

Russian Federation

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2003

Labor Code of the Russian Federation

12/30/2001

02/01/2002

Positive

The Russian Federation lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. It also mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2001

Law No. 22 of 1999 amended Civil Code

11/12/1999

11/15/1999

Positive

Rwanda reformed its Civil Code, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equalizing inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2003

Law No. 51/2001 of 30/12/2001 Establishing the New Labour Code

12/30/2001

Positive

Rwanda allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2003

Law No. 51/2001 of 30/12/2001 Establishing the New Labour Code

12/30/2001

Positive

Rwanda prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2004

Ministerial Order No. 3 of 13/7/2010 on determining circumstantial leaves

03/14/2003

Positive

Rwanda introduced paid paternity leave.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2010

Law on Prevention and Punishment of Gender-Based Violence

07/15/2008

09/10/2008

Positive

Rwanda enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2010

Law on Prevention and Punishment of Gender-Based Violence

09/10/2008

04/06/2009

Positive

Rwanda enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2018

Law Governing Persons and Family

08/28/2016

09/12/2016

Positive

Rwanda allowed women to be head of household.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2018

Law Governing Persons and Family

08/28/2016

09/12/2016

Positive

Rwanda introduced new legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2020

Law No. 66/2018 of 30/08/2018 Regulating Labor in Rwanda

08/30/2018

09/06/2018

Positive

Rwanda introduced equal remuneration for work of equal value

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2021

Law No. 001/2020 of 02/02/2020 Amending Law No. 32/2016 of 28/08/2016 governing persons and family

02/02/2020

02/17/2020

Positive

Rwanda gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Samoa

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1973

National Provident Fund Act

03/23/1972

Positive

Samoa introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Samoa

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

2012

Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Ordinance 1961

08/16/2010

Positive

Samoa recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions, including unpaid work caring for family members.

Samoa

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2014

Family Safety Act 2013

04/05/2013

06/01/2013

Positive

Samoa enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Samoa

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2014

Labor and Employment Relations Act 2013

04/05/2013

Positive

Samoa prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Samoa

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2014

Labor and Employment Relations Act 2013

04/05/2013

Positive

Samoa lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Samoa

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2014

Labor and Employment Relations Act 2013

04/05/2013

Positive

Samoa prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

San Marino

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1982

Law No. 40 of 25 March 1981

05/24/1981

06/04/1981

Positive

San Marino prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

San Marino

Europe & Central Asia

Assets

1987

Law No. 49 of 26 April 1986, Reform of Family Law

04/26/1986

Positive

San Marino recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

San Marino

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

1987

Law No. 49 of 26 April 1986, Reform of Family Law

04/26/1986

Positive

San Marino allowed women to be head of household. San Marino legalized divorce, allowing women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

San Marino

Europe & Central Asia

Mobility

1987

Law No. 49 of 26 April 1986, Reform of Family Law

04/26/1986

Positive

San Marino reformed its Family Law removing restriction for a married woman to choose where to live and leave the marital home without her husband's permission.

San Marino

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1987

Law No. 49 of 26 April 1986, Reform of Family Law

04/26/1986

07/01/1986

Positive

San Marino allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

San Marino

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2009

Law No. 97 of 20 June 2008

06/18/2008

06/23/2008

Positive

San Marino enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1977

Law No.25/75

12/15/1975

Positive

São Tomé and Príncipe enacted new legislation which no longer establishes differences in the application procedures for a married woman when applying for a passport.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1979

Law No. 2/1977 - Regulation of Family Institutions

09/28/1977

Positive

São Tomé and Príncipe granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1979

Law No. 2/1977 - Regulation of Family Institutions

09/28/1977

Positive

São Tomé and Príncipe enacted a new Family Law allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1979

Law No. 2/1977 - Regulation of Family Institutions

09/28/1977

Positive

São Tomé and Príncipe allowed women to be head of household.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1979

Law No. 2/1977 - Regulation of Family Institutions

09/28/1977

Positive

São Tomé and Príncipe introduced a Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1979

Law No. 2/1977 - Regulation of Family Institutions

09/28/1977

Positive

São Tomé and Príncipe allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1980

Law n°6-92 on the Legal Regime of Individual Conditions of Employment

12/31/1979

Positive

São Tomé and Príncipe introduced a social security system that administers maternity benefits.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1981

Law n°7-04 of the Social Protection Framework

07/31/1979

Positive

São Tomé and Príncipe introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1993

Law No. 6/1992 - Legal Regime of Individual Working Conditions

06/11/1992

Positive

São Tomé and Príncipe prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2010

Law No. 11/2008 - Law on Domestic and Family Violence

08/15/2008

10/29/2008

Positive

São Tomé and Príncipe enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2014

Law No. 6/2012 - Penal Code

07/05/2012

08/06/2012

Positive

São Tomé and Príncipe enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2016

Decree-Law No. 25/2014 - Regulation on Mandatory Social Protection

09/25/2014

11/07/2014

Positive

São Tomé and Príncipe equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2020

Law No. 6/2019 - Labor Code

04/11/2019

07/11/2019

Positive

São Tomé and Príncipe prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2020

Law No. 6/2019 - Labor Code

08/31/2018

11/16/2018

Positive

São Tomé and Príncipe lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night, in mining and in jobs deemed dangerous.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2007

Labor Law Royal Decree No. M/51

09/27/2005

04/28/2006

Positive

Saudi Arabia introduced paid paternity leave.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2012

Ministerial Order No. 2370/1 of 18 September 2010

09/18/2010

Positive

Saudi Arabia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2015

Law on the Protection from Harm

08/26/2013

09/21/2013

Positive

Saudi Arabia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2019

Anti-Harassment Law Royal Decree No. M/96

05/31/2018

06/08/2018

Positive

Saudi Arabia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

2020

Banking Consumer Protection Principles; Finance Companies Consumer Protection Principles

07/24/2019

Positive

Saudi Arabia made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2020

Royal Decree No. M/134

07/30/2019

08/02/2019

Positive

Saudi Arabia began allowing women to be head of household and removed the legal obligation for a married woman to obey her husband.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2020

Royal Decree No. M/134

07/30/2019

08/02/2019

Positive

Saudi Arabia improved women’s mobility by removing restrictions on obtaining a passport and traveling abroad. New legal amendments also equalized a woman’s right to choose where to live and leave the marital home.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2020

Labor Law

07/30/2019

Positive

Saudi Arabia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2020

Labor Law

07/30/2019

Positive

Saudi Arabia equalized the age (60 years) at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also mandated a retirement age of 60 years for both women and men.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2020

Labor Law

07/30/2019

Positive

Saudi Arabia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2021

Royal Decree No. (M/5) dated 1-7-1442 AH

08/26/2020

Positive

Saudi Arabia eliminated all restrictions on women's employment.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2023

Personal Status Law

03/09/2022

06/19/2022

Negative

Saudi Arabia enacted legislation mandating women to obey their husbands.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2023

Personal Status Law

03/09/2022

06/19/2022

Negative

Saudi Arabia restricted women’s right to choose where to live and travel outside the home in the same way as men.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1974

Family Code

06/12/1972

01/01/1973

Positive

Senegal allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1979

IPRES Internal Regulations

07/26/1977

Positive

Senegal introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1982

Social Security Code

08/25/1980

Positive

Senegal increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1984

National Interprofessional Collective Agreement

10/16/1982

Positive

Senegal introduced paid paternity leave.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1991

IPRES Internal Regulations

05/07/1991

Positive

Senegal explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2000

Penal Code

01/29/1999

Positive

Senegal enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2000

Penal Code

01/29/1999

Positive

Senegal enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2021

National Interprofessional Collective Agreement

12/30/2019

Positive

Senegal prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2023

Law No. 2022-01 of April 14, 2022 on the status of refugees and stateless persons

04/14/2022

Positive

Senegal prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2023

Decree relating to the work of pregnant women No. 2021-1469

11/03/2021

11/16/2021

Positive

Senegal removed restrictions on women’s employment in industrial jobs.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1998

Labor Code of 1996

06/19/1996

Positive

Serbia equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2003

Labor Code of 1996

12/12/2001

Positive

Serbia introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2003

Labor Law

12/12/2001

Positive

Serbia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2004

Law on Pension and Disability Insurance

04/01/2003

Positive

Serbia no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2006

Labor Law

03/15/2005

03/23/2005

Positive

Serbia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2007

Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence

01/01/2006

01/09/2006

Positive

Serbia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2010

Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination

03/26/2009

Positive

Serbia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2011

Gender Equality Law

03/26/2009

Positive

Serbia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2016

Law on Pension and Disability Insurance

01/01/2015

Negative

Serbia set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1972

Law No. 70-459 of 1970 amended Civil Code

06/04/1970

Positive

Seychelles allowed women to be head of household.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1972

National Provident Fund Act

03/29/1971

Positive

The Seychelles introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1977

Civil Code of Seychelles Act

01/01/1976

Positive

Seychelles introduced a Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1995

Employment (Conditions of Employment) (Amendment) Regulations, 2018

04/03/1995

Positive

The Seychelles increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1996

Employment Act

04/03/1995

Positive

The Seychelles prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1996

Employment Act

02/28/1995

Positive

The Seychelles prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2001

Family Violence (Protection of Victims) Act, 2000

03/23/2000

05/01/2000

Positive

Seychelles enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2017

Employment (Conditions of Employment) (Amendment) Regulations, 2018

05/28/2015

06/01/2015

Positive

The Seychelles introduced paid paternity leave.

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2003

The National Social Security and Insurance Trust Act

08/09/2001

Positive

Sierra Leone introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2009

The Devolution of Estates Act

06/14/2007

07/26/2007

Positive

Sierra Leone equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2009

The Domestic Violence Act, 2007

07/26/2007

Positive

Sierra Leone enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2010

The Registration of Customary Marriage and Divorce Act

01/23/2009

#N/A

Positive

Sierra Leone granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2010

The Registration of Customary Marriage and Divorce Act

01/23/2009

06/14/2009

Positive

Sierra Leone introduced the Registration of Customary Marriage and Divorce Act allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2010

The Registration of Customary Marriage and Divorce Act

01/23/2009

06/14/2009

Positive

Sierra Leone allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2021

The Sexual Offences Act, 2019

09/19/2019

11/04/2019

Positive

Sierra Leone adopted legislation on sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2022

Directives on Provision of Financial Services on a Non-Discriminatory Basis of August 5, 2021

08/12/2021

#N/A

Positive

Sierra Leone made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Mobility

1983

Women’s Charter

06/01/1981

Positive

Singapore allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

1988

Women’s Charter

03/30/1987

Positive

Singapore enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

1990

Employment (Amendment) Act 1988

08/16/1988

08/26/1988

Positive

Singapore lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

1997

Employment (Amendment) Act 1995

11/18/1995

03/01/1996

Positive

Singapore eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

1998

Women’s Charter

08/27/1996

05/01/1997

Positive

Singapore recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2005

Women’s Charter

02/29/2004

04/14/2003

Positive

Singapore allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as a man.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2010

Children Development Co-Savings Act (Chapter 38A)

10/29/2008

10/31/2008

Positive

Singapore increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2015

Employment, Parental Leave and Other Measures Act 2013

12/04/2013

04/01/2014

Positive

Singapore introduced paid parental leave. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2015

Protection from Harassment Act

04/11/2014

11/15/2014

Positive

Singapore enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1991

Law No. 382/1990 Act on Parental Allowance

01/10/1990

Positive

The Slovak Republic introduced paid parental leave.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1994

Law No. 311/2001 Labor Code

09/28/1992

Positive

The Slovak Republic prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Pension

2003

Law No. 311/2001 Labor Code

07/02/2001

08/08/2001

Negative

The Slovak Republic set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Workplace

2003

Law No. 311/2001 Labor Code

07/02/2001

04/01/2002

Positive

The Slovak Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2005

Law No. 365/2004 Anti-Discrimination Act

05/20/2004

Positive

Slovak Republic introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Pay

2005

Law No. 311/2001 Labor Code

06/01/2003

05/01/2004

Positive

Slovak Republic eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Pension

2005

Law No. 461/2003 on Social Insurance

11/27/2003

Positive

Slovak Republic no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Marriage

2007

Law No. 300/2005 Criminal Code

07/02/2005

01/01/2006

Positive

Slovak Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Pension

2009

Law No. 461/2003 on Social Insurance

11/30/2007

Negative

Slovak Republic set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Workplace

2009

Law No. 365/2004 Anti-Discrimination Act

06/20/2007

10/15/2008

Positive

Slovak Republic enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Pension

2011

Law No. 461/2003 on Social Insurance

11/27/2003

01/01/2010

Positive

Slovak Republic equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Pay

2012

Law No. 311/2001 Labor Code

03/01/2011

06/06/2011

Positive

Slovak Republic allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Pension

2021

Law No. 461/2003 on Social Insurance

03/28/2019

01/01/2020

Negative

Slovak Republic established unequal ages for men and women to retire with full and partial pension benefits. The mandatory retirement age for men and women is also now unequal.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2003

Parental Protection and Family Benefits Act

07/10/2003

08/04/2003

Positive

Slovenia introduced paid parental leave.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Pay

2003

Employment Relationships Act

04/24/2002

01/01/2003

Positive

Slovenia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Pension

2003

Employment Relationships Act

04/24/2002

05/03/2002

Positive

Slovenia no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Workplace

2003

Employment Relationships Act

04/24/2002

01/01/2003

Positive

Slovenia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2005

Principle of Equal Treatment Act

04/30/2004

05/06/2004

Positive

Slovenia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2005

Parental Protection and Family Benefits Act

07/10/2003

08/04/2003

Positive

Slovenia introduced paid paternity leave.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Marriage

2009

Domestic Violence Prevention Act

02/15/2008

03/01/2008

Positive

Slovenia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Pension

2019

Pension and Disability Insurance Act

05/03/2019

Positive

Slovenia equalized the age (60 years) at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Pension

2021

Pension and Disability Insurance Act

02/04/2012

01/01/2020

Positive

Slovenia equalized the ages (65 years) at which men and women can retire with full pension benefits.

Solomon Islands

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1974

Retirement and Re-employment Act

01/01/1973

Positive

Solomon Islands introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Solomon Islands

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2016

Family Protection Act 2014

08/27/2014

04/01/2016

Positive

Solomon Islands enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Somalia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1974

Labor Code

10/18/1972

10/21/1972

Positive

Somalia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Somalia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1974

Labor Code

10/18/1972

10/21/1972

Positive

Somalia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Somalia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1974

Labor Code

10/18/1972

10/21/1972

Positive

Somalia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1984

Basic Conditions of Employment Act

12/31/1983

Positive

South Africa lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1986

Matrimonial Property Act

07/03/1984

11/01/1984

Positive

South Africa granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage and recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1989

Intestate Succession Act

09/30/1987

03/18/1988

Positive

South Africa's Intestate Succession Act equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1993

Domicile Act

03/03/1992

03/11/1992

Positive

South Africa enacted the Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1995

Matrimonial Property Act

09/24/1993

10/06/1993

Positive

South Africa granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1995

Matrimonial Property Act

10/06/1993

12/01/1993

Positive

South Africa enacted the General Law Fourth Amendment abolishing the Legal Capacity of Married Persons Act abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1995

Matrimonial Property Act

09/24/1993

10/06/1993

Positive

South Africa allowed women to be head of household.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1995

General Law Fourth Amendment Act

10/06/1993

12/01/1993

Positive

South Africa allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1997

Labor Relations Act

12/13/1995

Positive

South Africa prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1997

Mine Health and Safety Act No. 29 of 1996

06/14/1996

Positive

South Africa eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2000

Employment Equity Amendment Act

10/19/1998

12/01/1999

Positive

South Africa prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2001

The Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act of 2000

02/02/2000

09/01/2000

Positive

South Africa introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2001

Domestic Violence Act

11/20/1998

12/15/1999

Positive

South Africa enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1999

Basic Conditions of Employment Act

12/05/1997

03/21/1998

Positive

South Africa increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2013

Protection from Harassment Act

12/06/2011

04/27/2013

Positive

South Africa enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2015

Employment Equity Amendment Act

01/16/2014

Positive

South Africa mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2015

Employment Equity Amendment Act

01/16/2014

08/01/2014

Positive

South Africa enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1991

Social Insurance Act of 1990

12/31/1990

Positive

South Sudan introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1998

Labour Act 1997

01/01/1997

Positive

South Sudan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2009

Social Insurance Act of 1990

12/31/2008

Positive

South Sudan equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2010

The Child Act

10/13/2008

02/10/2009

Positive

South Sudan equalized inheritance rights for sons and daughters.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2010

The Penal Code Act, 2008

08/22/2008

02/10/2009

Positive

South Sudan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2013

Passports and Immigration Act, 2011

07/07/2011

Positive

South Sudan introduced a new Passport and Immigration Act which no longer establishes differences in the application procedures for a married woman when applying for a passport.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2014

Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011

07/07/2011

07/09/2011

Negative

South Sudan set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2019

Labor Act, 2017

10/24/2017

Positive

South Sudan introduced 10 days of paid paternity leave.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2019

Labor Act, 2017

10/24/2017

Positive

South Sudan lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night, underground, underwater and in jobs deemed dangerous. It also mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2019

Labor Act, 2017

10/24/2017

12/12/2017

Positive

South Sudan prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Spain

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1976

Royal Decree of July 24, 1889 by which the Civil Code is published.

05/02/1975

Positive

Spain amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Spain

High income: OECD

Marriage

1976

Royal Decree of July 24, 1889 by which the Civil Code is published.

05/02/1975

Positive

Spain no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Spain

High income: OECD

Pension

1976

Royal Legislative Decree 8/2015, of October 30, which approves the revised text of the General Law on Social Security.

07/20/1974

Positive

Spain explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Spain

High income: OECD

Workplace

1976

Law No. 14-1975 of May 2, on reform of certain articles of the Civil Code and the Code of Commerce on the legal affiliation of married women and the rights and duties of spouses

05/02/1975

05/25/1975

Positive

Spain allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Spain

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1977

Labor Relations Law of 1976

04/08/1976

04/22/1976

Positive

Spain increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Spain

High income: OECD

Mobility

1979

Royal Decree 896/2003, of July 11, which regulates the issuance of the ordinary passport and determines its characteristics.

09/23/1977

12/11/1977

Positive

Spain enacted new passport law which no longer requires a married woman her husband's consent when applying for a passport.

Spain

High income: OECD

Workplace

1981

Law No. 8 of 1980, Workers' Statute Law

03/10/1980

03/15/1980

Positive

Spain prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Spain

High income: OECD

Assets

1983

Royal Decree of July 24, 1889 by which the Civil Code is published.

07/07/1981

07/20/1981

Positive

Spain granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Spain

High income: OECD

Marriage

1983

Royal Decree of July 24, 1889 by which the Civil Code is published.

07/07/1981

07/20/1981

Positive

Spain legalized divorce, equally granting the right to both spouses. There is no waiting period before remarriage for either spouse.

Spain

High income: OECD

Mobility

1983

Royal Decree of July 24, 1889 by which the Civil Code is published.

07/07/1981

07/20/1981

Positive

Spain reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Spain

High income: OECD

Pay

1995

Royal Legislative Decree 8/2015, of October 30, which approves the revised text of the General Law on Social Security.

05/19/1994

Positive

Spain mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Spain

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1996

Royal Legislative Decree 1/1995, of March 24, approving the revised text of the Workers' Statute Law

03/24/1995

05/01/1995

Positive

Spain prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Spain

High income: OECD

Marriage

1997

ORGANIC Law 1/2004, of December 28, of Integral Protection Measures against Gender Violence.

11/23/1995

05/25/1996

Positive

Spain enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Spain

High income: OECD

Pay

1997

ORGANIC Law 10/1995, of November 23, of the Penal Code.

11/08/1995

02/10/1996

Positive

Spain allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also removed restrictions on women's employment in industrial undertakings.

Spain

High income: OECD

Workplace

1997

ORGANIC Law 10/1995, of November 23, of the Penal Code.

11/23/1995

05/24/1996

Positive

Spain enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Spain

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2008

Organic Law No. 3/2007 on the effective equality of women and men

03/23/2007

03/24/2007

Positive

Spain's Equality of Women and Men Law made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Spain

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2022

Royal Decree-Law No. 6/2019 on urgent measures to guarantee of equal treatment and opportunities between women and men in employment and occupation

03/01/2019

01/01/2021

Positive

Spain introduced 16 weeks of paid parental leave as an individual entitlement for fathers.

Sri Lanka

South Asia

Workplace

1997

Penal Code

10/31/1995

Positive

Sri Lanka enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Sri Lanka

South Asia

Marriage

2007

Prevention of Domestic Violence Act No. 34 of 2005

10/03/2005

10/07/2005

Positive

Sri Lanka enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

St. Kitts and Nevis

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1974

The Divorce Act

05/23/1973

Positive

St. Kitts and Nevis allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

St. Kitts and Nevis

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1979

Social Security (Benefits) Regulations 1978

01/10/1978

Positive

St. Kitts and Nevis explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

St. Kitts and Nevis

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1980

Social Security (Benefits) Regulations 1978

01/10/1978

Positive

St. Kitts and Nevis began administering maternity benefits through its social insurance system.

St. Kitts and Nevis

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1988

Protection of Employment Act 1986

06/30/1986

Positive

St. Kitts and Nevis prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

St. Kitts and Nevis

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2001

Domestic Violence Act

01/11/2000

04/03/2004

Positive

St. Kitts and Nevis enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1972

National Insurance Corporation Act and National Insurance Regulation

10/31/1970

Positive

St. Lucia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1981

National Insurance Act, 1978

12/31/1978

04/30/1979

Positive

St. Lucia introduced a social security system that provides maternity benefits.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1991

The Civil Code

12/30/1989

Positive

St. Lucia granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during the marriage. It also granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1991

The Civil Code

12/30/1989

Positive

St. Lucia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1991

The Civil Code

12/28/1989

Positive

St. Lucia reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1996

Domestic Violence (Summary Proceedings) Act

04/20/1995

Positive

St. Lucia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2001

Equality of Opportunity and Treatment in Employment and Occupation Act

03/07/2000

04/01/2000

Positive

St. Lucia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2001

Equality of Opportunity and Treatment in Employment and Occupation Act

03/07/2000

04/01/2000

Positive

St. Lucia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2001

Equality of Opportunity and Treatment in Employment and Occupation Act

12/31/2001

04/01/2000

Positive

St. Lucia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2008

The Labour Code No. 37 of 2006

11/16/2006

Positive

St. Lucia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1974

Matrimonial Causes Act

05/23/1973

Positive

St. Vincent and the Grenadines allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1991

Matrimonial Causes Act

12/29/1989

Positive

St. Vincent and the Grenadines recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1996

National Insurance (Benefits) Regulations

08/23/1994

Positive

St. Vincent and the Grenadines explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1997

Domestic Violence Act 2015

10/17/1995

Positive

St. Vincent and the Grenadines enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2005

Protection of Employment Act

08/21/2003

Positive

St. Vincent and the Grenadines prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1991

Social Insurance Act of 1990

06/12/1990

07/01/1990

Positive

Sudan introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1998

Labour Act 1997

01/01/1997

Positive

Sudan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2009

Social Insurance Act of 1990

12/31/2008

Positive

Sudan equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Suriname

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1982

Civil Code

03/11/1981

Positive

Suriname granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Suriname

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1982

Civil Code

03/11/1981

Positive

Suriname introduced new legislation allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract and open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.

Suriname

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1982

Civil Code

03/11/1981

Positive

Suriname allowed women to be head of household and no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Suriname

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1982

Civil Code

03/11/1981

Positive

Suriname introduced new legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same ways as a man.

Suriname

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1982

Act on Old-Age Supply Fund of 20 March 1981

03/20/1981

Positive

Suriname introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Suriname

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1982

Decree No. C-11 (sb 1981, No. 23)

03/11/1981

Positive

Suriname allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Suriname

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1985

Decree núm. E-41, September 12, 1983

09/12/1983

Positive

Suriname lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Suriname

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2010

Combating Domestic Violence Act

06/02/2009

06/20/2009

Positive

Suriname enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Suriname

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2016

General Pensions Law 2014 (No. 113 of 2014).

09/30/2014

Negative

Suriname no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Suriname

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2020

Family Employment Protection Act (Maternity Protection Act)

06/10/2019

09/10/2019

Positive

Suriname prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Suriname

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2020

Family Employment Protection Act (Maternity Protection Act)

06/10/2019

09/10/2019

Positive

Suriname prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Suriname

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2021

Family Employment Protection Act (Maternity Protection Act)

06/10/2019

09/10/2019

Positive

Suriname introduced 16 weeks of paid maternity leave and 8 days of paid paternity leave.

Sweden

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1974

General Working Hours Act

11/16/1973

Positive

Sweden introduced paid parental leave.

Sweden

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1981

Social Insurance Act

01/01/1980

Positive

Sweden introduced paid paternity leave.

Sweden

High income: OECD

Workplace

1981

Discrimination Act

12/17/1979

07/01/1980

Positive

Sweden prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Sweden

High income: OECD

Marriage

1990

Penal Code

07/01/1988

Positive

Sweden enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Sweden

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1992

Equal Opportunities Act

05/30/1991

06/07/1991

Positive

Sweden prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Sweden

High income: OECD

Pay

1992

Equal Opportunities Act

05/23/1991

01/01/1992

Positive

Sweden mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Sweden

High income: OECD

Pension

2000

Act on Income-based Old-Age Pensions

06/11/1998

Positive

Sweden explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Sweden

High income: OECD

Workplace

2007

Discrimination Act

06/09/2005

07/01/2005

Positive

Sweden enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Sweden

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2014

Discrimination Act

06/20/2012

12/21/2012

Positive

Sweden's Discrimination Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Switzerland

High income: OECD

Assets

1986

Swiss Civil Code (Civil status, marriage, divorce, Child rights, duty to provide support to relatives, Homesteads, guardianship, marriage brokerage)

10/05/1984

01/01/1988

Positive

Switzerland granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Switzerland

High income: OECD

Marriage

1986

Swiss Civil Code (Civil status, marriage, divorce, Child rights, duty to provide support to relatives, Homesteads, guardianship, marriage brokerage)

10/05/1984

01/01/1988

Positive

Switzerland allowed women to be head of household.

Switzerland

High income: OECD

Mobility

1986

Swiss Civil Code (Civil status, marriage, divorce, Child rights, duty to provide support to relatives, Homesteads, guardianship, marriage brokerage)

10/05/1984

01/01/1988

Positive

Switzerland amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Switzerland

High income: OECD

Workplace

1986

Swiss Civil Code

10/05/1984

01/01/1988

Positive

Switzerland allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Switzerland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1989

Law No. 97-013 on the Family Code

03/18/1988

01/01/1989

Positive

Switzerland prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Switzerland

High income: OECD

Pay

1996

Federal Act on Gender Equality

03/24/1995

06/30/1996

Positive

Switzerland mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Switzerland

High income: OECD

Pension

1996

Federal Act on Gender Equality

10/06/1994

12/31/1996

Positive

Switzerland explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Switzerland

High income: OECD

Workplace

1996

Federal Act on Gender Equality

03/24/1995

06/30/1996

Positive

Switzerland enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Switzerland

High income: OECD

Workplace

1997

Federal Act on Gender Equality

03/24/1995

06/30/1996

Positive

Switzerland prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Switzerland

High income: OECD

Marriage

2000

Swiss Civil Code (Civil status, marriage, divorce, Child rights, duty to provide support to relatives, Homesteads, guardianship, marriage brokerage)

06/26/1998

01/01/2000

Positive

Switzerland gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Switzerland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2006

Federal Act on Allowances for Loss of Earnings in the Event of Service and Maternity Leave

10/03/2003

07/01/2003

Positive

Switzerland's government began administering maternity benefits. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Switzerland

High income: OECD

Marriage

2008

Protection Against Violence Act

06/19/2006

04/01/2007

Positive

Switzerland enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Switzerland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2022

Law No. 97-013 on the Family Code

12/19/2019

01/01/2021

Positive

Switzerland introduced 2 weeks of paid paternity leave.

Syrian Arab Republic

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2003

Legislative Decree No. 35/2002 amending Labor Law No. 91 of 1959

05/13/2002

Positive

Syrian Arab Republic increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Syrian Arab Republic

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2003

Law 78 of 2001 Amending Social Security Code of 1959

12/31/2001

Negative

Syrian Arab Republic set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Syrian Arab Republic

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2008

Law No. 4 of 2017 amending a number of articles of Legislative Decree No. 26 of 12-4-2007 on Civil Status

04/12/2007

#N/A

Positive

Syrian Arab Republic allowed women to be head of household.

Syrian Arab Republic

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2011

Labor Law No. 17/2010

04/12/2010

Positive

Syrian Arab Republic prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Syrian Arab Republic

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2011

Labor Law No. 17/2010

04/12/2010

Positive

Syrian Arab Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Syrian Arab Republic

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2020

Law No. 4 of 2019 amending some articles of the Personal Status Law promulgated by Legislative Decree No. 59 of 1953 and its amendments

06/27/2019

06/28/2019

Positive

The Syrian Arab Republic allowed a married woman to leave the home without her husband's permission.

Syrian Arab Republic

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2022

Law No. 20 of 2019 amending the Personal Status Law No. 59 of 1953

06/27/2019

06/28/2019

Positive

Syria no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Taiwan, China

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

1986

Labor Standards Act

07/30/1984

08/01/1984

Positive

Taiwan, China mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Taiwan, China

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

1987

Civil Code

06/03/1985

Positive

Taiwan, China recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Taiwan, China

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

1997

Labor Standards Act

06/22/1996

07/01/1996

Positive

Taiwan, China lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Taiwan, China

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2000

Domestic Violence Prevention Act

06/24/1998

Positive

Taiwan, China enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Taiwan, China

East Asia & Pacific

Mobility

2000

Civil Code

06/17/1998

Positive

Taiwan, China reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Taiwan, China

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2003

Act of Gender Equality in Employment

01/16/2002

03/08/2002

Positive

Taiwan, China prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Taiwan, China

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2003

Act of Gender Equality in Employment

01/16/2002

03/08/2002

Positive

Taiwan, China prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Taiwan, China

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

2004

Civil Code

06/26/2002

Positive

Taiwan, China repealed provisions giving the husband sole administrative authority over marital property, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Taiwan, China

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2010

Act of Gender Equality in Employment

04/22/2009

05/01/2009

Positive

Taiwan, China increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Taiwan, China

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2015

Occupational Safety and Health Act (2013.07.03 Amended )

07/03/2013

Positive

Taiwan, China eliminated all restrictions on women's employment by limiting them to pregnant and nursing women. It also allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Tajikistan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1989

Amendments to the Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor

02/04/1988

Negative

Tajikistan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Tajikistan

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1973

Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor

07/15/1970

01/01/1971

Positive

Tajikistan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Tajikistan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1993

Law on Pensions Provisions of the Republic of Tajikistan

12/31/1991

Positive

Tajikistan no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Tajikistan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1995

Law on Pensions Provisions of the Republic of Tajikistan

06/25/1993

01/01/1994

Positive

Tajikistan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Tajikistan

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1998

Labor Code of the Republic of Tajikistan

05/15/1997

Positive

Tajikistan introduced paid parental leave.

Tajikistan

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

1998

Labor Code of the Republic of Tajikistan

05/15/1997

Positive

Tajikistan mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Tajikistan

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1998

Labor Code of the Republic of Tajikistan

05/15/1997

Positive

Tajikistan prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Tajikistan

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2006

Law on State Guarantees of Equal Rights for Men and Women and Equal Opportunities for their Implementation

03/01/2005

Positive

Tajikistan introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Tajikistan

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2014

Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence

03/19/2013

03/28/2013

Positive

Tajikistan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Tajikistan

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2018

Labor Code of the Republic of Tajikistan

07/23/2016

Positive

Tajikistan lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Tanzania

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1985

Civil Appeal: Bi Hawa Mohamed v. Ally Sefu

11/29/1983

Positive

Tanzania recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Tanzania

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1999

Sexual Offences Special Provisions Act 1998

04/21/1998

07/01/1998

Positive

Tanzania enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Tanzania

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2005

Employment and Labor Relations Act 2004

06/04/2004

06/29/2004

Positive

Tanzania prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Tanzania

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2006

Employment and Labor Relations Act 2004

06/04/2004

06/29/2004

Positive

Tanzania began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Tanzania

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2006

Employment and Labor Relations Act 2004

06/04/2004

06/29/2004

Positive

Tanzania mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Tanzania

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2006

Employment and Labor Relations Act 2004

01/23/2005

Positive

Tanzania prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Thailand

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1999

Labor Protection Act B.E. 2541

02/12/1998

08/11/1998

Positive

Thailand prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Thailand

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1999

Labor Protection Act (No. 7) B.E. 2562 (2019)

02/28/1998

Positive

Thailand prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Thailand

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

2000

Social Security Act B.E. 2533 (1990)

03/31/1999

Positive

Thailand introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Thailand

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2009

Domestic Violence Victim Protection Act B.E. 2550 (2007)

09/13/2007

Positive

Thailand enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. Thailand allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Thailand

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2009

Labor Protection Act (No. 7) B.E. 2562 (2019)

02/15/2008

05/28/2009

Positive

Thailand enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Thailand

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2020

Labor Protection Act (No. 7) B.E. 2562 (2019)

04/05/2019

05/05/2019

Positive

Thailand introduced new legislation that mandates equal remuneration for women and men who perform work of equal value.

Timor-Leste

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1978

Decree-Law No. 17/2017 Old Age Pension

11/26/1977

Positive

Timor-Leste introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Timor-Leste

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1999

LABOUR CODE OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF TIMOR LESTE UNTAET/REG/2002/5

10/03/1997

Positive

Timor-Leste prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Timor-Leste

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2003

LABOUR CODE OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF TIMOR LESTE UNTAET/REG/2002/5

05/01/2002

Positive

Timor-Leste prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Timor-Leste

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

2005

Commercial Companies Act

03/02/2004

Positive

Timor-Leste enacted the Commercial Companies Act allowing a woman to register a business in the same way as a man without her husband 's consent.

Timor-Leste

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2012

Law No. 7/2010 Against Domestic Violence

05/03/2010

07/08/2010

Positive

Timor-Leste enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Timor-Leste

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

2013

Civil Code

09/13/2011

Positive

Timor-Leste's Civil Code gave spouses equal rights and duties, granting them equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Timor-Leste

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

2013

Civil Code

09/13/2011

Positive

Timor-Leste introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract and open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.

Timor-Leste

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2013

Civil Code

09/13/2011

Positive

Timor-Leste allowed women to be head of household. Timor-Leste allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Timor-Leste

East Asia & Pacific

Mobility

2013

Civil Code

09/13/2011

Positive

Timor-Leste enacted a new Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Timor-Leste

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2013

LABOUR CODE OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF TIMOR LESTE UNTAET/REG/2002/5

02/21/2012

06/20/2012

Positive

Timor-Leste introduced paid paternity leave.

Timor-Leste

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2013

Labor Law

02/02/2012

06/21/2012

Positive

Timor-Leste mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Timor-Leste

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2018

Decree-Law No. 12/2017

05/24/2017

06/23/2017

Positive

Timor-Leste introduced a social security system that administers maternity benefits.

Timor-Leste

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

2019

Decree-Law No. 18/2012 - Subsidies for Motherhood Support

05/24/2017

06/23/2017

Positive

Timor-Leste explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Togo

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1974

Social Security Code 2011

11/12/1973

Positive

Togo introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Togo

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1981

Personal and Family Code

01/31/1980

Positive

Togo's Personal and Family Code granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. It also equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Togo

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1981

Personal and Family Code

01/31/1980

Positive

Togo enacted a Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account in the same way as a man.

Togo

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2008

Labor Code

12/13/2006

Positive

Togo prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Togo

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2008

Labor Code

12/13/2006

Positive

Togo mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Togo

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2008

Labor Code

10/13/2006

Positive

Togo prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Togo

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2012

Order No. 020/MTESS/DGTLS of July 30, 2010 establishing the nature of work prohibited to pregnant women (Article 147 of the Labor Code)

07/30/2010

Positive

Togo eliminated restrictions on women’s ability to work in certain industries by limiting them to pregnant women.

Togo

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2012

Order No. 020/MTESS/DGTLS of July 30, 2010 establishing the nature of work prohibited to pregnant women (Article 147 of the Labor Code)

07/30/2010

Positive

Togo explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Togo

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2014

Personal and Family Code

07/07/2012

Positive

Togo introduced a new Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Togo

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2014

Personal and Family Code (Amendment) 2014

07/06/2012

Positive

Togo allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Togo

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2016

Personal and Family Code

11/17/2014

Positive

Togo allowed women to be head of household.

Togo

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2022

Labor Code

06/18/2021

Negative

Togo introduced new legislation which no longer prohibits the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Tonga

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

2012

National Retirement Benefits Scheme Act 2010

10/01/2010

Positive

Tonga introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Tonga

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2015

Family Protection Act 2013

11/05/2013

07/01/2014

Positive

Tonga enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Trinidad and Tobago

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1973

National Insurance Act

11/01/1971

11/15/1971

Positive

Trinidad and Tobago introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Trinidad and Tobago

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1975

Matrimonial Proceedings and Property Act

02/21/1972

Positive

Trinidad and Tobago recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions, including those made by "looking after the home or caring for the family."

Trinidad and Tobago

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1983

Succession Act

07/30/1981

Positive

Trinidad and Tobago equalized inheritance rights for male and female surviving spouses.

Trinidad and Tobago

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1984

Family Law (Guardianship of Minors, Domicile and Maintenance) Act

06/29/1981

03/01/1983

Positive

Trinidad and Tobago introduced a new Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Trinidad and Tobago

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1993

Domestic Violence Act, 1991

08/16/1991

08/23/1991

Positive

Trinidad and Tobago enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Trinidad and Tobago

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2002

Equal Opportunity Act 2000

10/20/2000

01/31/2001

Positive

Trinidad and Tobago's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Trinidad and Tobago

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2002

Equal Opportunity Act 2000

10/20/2000

01/31/2001

Positive

Trinidad and Tobago prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Trinidad and Tobago

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2005

Occupational Safety and Health Act (Cap. 88:08)

01/13/2004

01/30/2004

Positive

Trinidad and Tobago eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Trinidad and Tobago

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2014

Maternity Protection Act

05/15/2012

05/31/2012

Positive

Trinidad and Tobago increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Tunisia

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1975

Decree No. 74-499 on the Old-Age, Invalidity and Survivors' Pension Scheme in the Non-Agricultural Sector

04/27/1974

Positive

Tunisia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Tunisia

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

1995

Personal Status Code

07/12/1993

Positive

Tunisia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Tunisia

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2019

Organic Law No. 2017-58 of 11 August 2017, on the Elimination of Violence against Women

08/15/2017

02/15/2018

Positive

Tunisia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Tunisia

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2019

Organic Law No. 2017-58 of 11 August 2017, on the Elimination of Violence against Women

08/11/2017

08/15/2017

Positive

Tunisia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Türkiye

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1992

Turkish Constitutional Court Decision, E 1990 of 30, K 1990 of 31 of November 29, 1990

11/29/1990

Positive

Türkiye allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Türkiye

Europe & Central Asia

Assets

2003

Turkish Citizenship Law

11/22/2001

12/08/2001

Positive

Türkiye recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Türkiye

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2003

Turkish Citizenship Law

11/22/2001

12/08/2001

Positive

Türkiye allowed women to be head of household.

Türkiye

Europe & Central Asia

Mobility

2003

Civil Code

11/22/2001

12/08/2001

Positive

Türkiye introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Türkiye

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2004

Labor Act

05/22/2003

06/22/2003

Positive

Türkiye prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Türkiye

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2004

Labor Act

05/22/2003

Positive

Türkiye prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Türkiye

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2005

Labor Act

05/22/2003

06/10/2003

Positive

Türkiye increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Türkiye

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2006

Penal Code

09/26/2004

10/02/2004

Positive

Türkiye enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Türkiye

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2007

Law to Protect Family and Prevent Violence Against Women

09/26/2004

04/01/2005

Positive

Türkiye enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Türkiye

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2004

Labor Act

05/22/2003

06/10/2003

Positive

Türkiye allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Türkiye

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2016

Labor Act

04/04/2015

04/23/2015

Positive

Türkiye introduced paid paternity leave.

Uganda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2007

Employment Act

05/24/2006

08/07/2006

Positive

Uganda mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

Uganda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2007

Employment Act

05/24/2006

Positive

Uganda prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Uganda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2008

The Employment Act, 2006

06/08/2006

08/07/2006

Positive

Uganda prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Uganda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2011

The Domestic Violence Act 2010

03/17/2010

04/09/2010

Positive

Uganda enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Uganda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2020

Passport Application Procedures 2020

06/01/2018

Positive

Uganda made international travel easier for women by allowing them to apply for a passport in the same way as men, with no need to provide additional information.

Uganda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2023

Succession (Amendment) Act, 2022

04/10/2022

Positive

Uganda equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Uganda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2023

Succession (Amendment) Act, 2022

04/10/2022

Positive

Uganda granted women the same rights to choose where to live as men.

Ukraine

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

Labor Code of Ukraine

07/15/1970

01/01/1971

Negative

Ukraine set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Ukraine

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1972

Labor Code of Ukraine

07/15/1970

01/01/1971

Positive

Ukraine prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Ukraine

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1992

Labor Code of Ukraine

03/20/1991

01/01/1992

Positive

Ukraine prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Ukraine

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1993

Law of Ukraine on Compulsory State Pension Insurance

11/05/1991

01/01/1992

Positive

Ukraine explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Ukraine

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1995

Labor Code of Ukraine

03/20/1991

01/01/1992

Positive

Ukraine introduced paid parental leave.

Ukraine

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1993

Labor Code of Ukraine

11/05/1991

01/01/1992

Positive

Ukraine no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Ukraine

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2007

Law of Ukraine on Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men

09/08/2005

01/01/2006

Positive

Ukraine enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Ukraine

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2010

Law of Ukraine on Prevention and Counteraction to Domestic Violence

09/25/2008

01/01/2009

Positive

Ukraine enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Ukraine

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2014

Law OF UKRAINE On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning the Prevention and Counteraction of Discrimination

09/06/2012

Positive

Ukraine introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Ukraine

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2015

Law of Ukraine on State Assistance to Families with Children

03/27/2014

04/01/2014

Negative

Ukraine abolished paid parental leave.

Ukraine

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2019

Law of Ukraine on Compulsory State Pension Insurance

10/03/2017

Positive

Ukraine equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Ukraine

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2022

Labor Code of Ukraine

04/15/2021

05/09/2021

Positive

Ukraine introduced 14 days of paid paternity leave.

Ukraine

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2022

Law of Ukraine on Compulsory State Pension Insurance

07/08/2011

04/01/2021

Positive

Ukraine equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

United Arab Emirates

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2000

Law on Pensions and Social Security

02/16/1999

Positive

The United Arab Emirates introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

United Arab Emirates

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2019

The matter of nationality and passports, The matter of amending some provisions of Federal Law No. 17 of 1972 AD Federal Decree-Law No. 16 of 2017 AD

09/28/2019

09/29/2017

Positive

The United Arab Emirates made international travel easier for women by allowing a married woman to apply for a passport without the written consent of her husband.

United Arab Emirates

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

2020

Central Bank Circular Announcement

09/01/2019

Positive

The United Arab Emirates made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

United Arab Emirates

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2020

Federal Domestic Violence Law No. 10 of 2019

08/29/2019

01/29/2020

Positive

The United Arab Emirates began allowing women to be head of household and adopted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

United Arab Emirates

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2020

Federal Decree Law No. 6 of 2019 Amending Some Provisions of Federal Labor Law No. 8 of 1980

08/29/2019

Positive

The United Arab Emirates prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

United Arab Emirates

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2020

Federal Decree Law No. 6 of 2019 Amending Some Provisions of Federal Labor Law No. 8 of 1980

08/29/2019

Positive

The United Arab Emirates lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night and in jobs deemed dangerous. It also eliminated restrictions on women’s employment in the mining, manufacturing, agriculture and energy industries.

United Arab Emirates

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2020

Federal Decree Law No. 6 of 2019 Amending Some Provisions of Federal Labor Law No. 8 of 1980

08/29/2019

Positive

The United Arab Emirates improved the protection of women at work by prohibiting discrimination based on gender in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

United Arab Emirates

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2021

Federal Decree No. 5 of 2020

08/25/2020

08/26/2020

Positive

The United Arab Emirates no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

United Arab Emirates

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2021

Federal Decree No. 5 of 2020

08/25/2020

08/26/2020

Positive

The United Arab Emirates allowed women to choose where to live and travel abroad in the same way as men. The United Arab Emirates also allowed a married woman to leave the home without her husband's permission.

United Arab Emirates

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2021

Federal Decree-Law Regarding the Regulation of Employment Relationship

08/27/2020

09/27/2020

Positive

The United Arab Emirates introduced 5 days of paid parental leave as an individual entitlement for each parent. Fathers now have paid leave to care for their newborn babies.

United Arab Emirates

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2021

Federal Decree-Law Regarding the Regulation of Employment Relationship

08/25/2020

09/25/2020

Positive

The United Arab Emirates mandated equal remuneration for men and women who perform work of equal value.

United Arab Emirates

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2021

Federal Decree No. 5 of 2020

08/25/2020

Positive

The United Arab Emirates allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Assets

1974

Matrimonial Causes Act 1973

05/23/1973

Positive

The United Kingdom recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Marriage

1974

Matrimonial Causes Act 1973

05/23/1973

Positive

The United Kingdom reformed the Matrimonial Causes Act, allowing women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Mobility

1975

Domicile and Matrimonial Proceedings Act 1973

07/25/1973

#N/A

Positive

The United Kingdom introduced the Domicile and Matrimonial Proceedings Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Pension

1976

The Social Security (Credits) Regulations 1975

04/04/1975

04/06/1975

Positive

The United Kingdom explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1977

Sex Discrimination Act 1975

11/12/1975

Positive

The United Kingdom's Sex Discrimination Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Workplace

1977

Sex Discrimination Act 1975

11/12/1975

Positive

The United Kingdom prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Mobility

1982

British Nationality Act 1981

06/03/1905

Positive

The United Kingdom introduced new legal amendments which no longer establishes differences in the application procedures for a married woman when applying for a passport.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1988

Statutory Maternity Pay (General) Regulations 1986

11/24/1986

03/15/1987

Positive

The United Kingdom increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Pay

1990

Employment Relations Act 1999

11/16/1989

Positive

The United Kingdom eliminated restrictions on women's employment in mining and manufacturing.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Pension

1997

Pensions Act 1995

07/19/1995

Positive

The United Kingdom equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Marriage

1998

Family Law Act of 1996

07/04/1996

Positive

The United Kingdom enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2001

The Maternity and Parental Leave Regulations 1999

12/10/1999

12/15/1999

Positive

The United Kingdom prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2004

The Paternity and Adoption Leave Regulations 2002

11/11/2002

12/08/2002

Positive

The United Kingdom introduced paid paternity leave.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Workplace

2007

Sex Discrimination Act 1975

09/07/2005

10/01/2005

Positive

The United Kingdom enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Workplace

2011

Equality Act 2010

04/08/2010

10/01/2010

Positive

The United Kingdom enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

United Kingdom

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2016

Statutory Shared Parental Pay (General) Regulations 2014

11/18/2014

12/01/2014

Positive

The United Kingdom introduced paid parental leave.

United States

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1976

15 USC Chapter 41, Subchapter IV: Equal Credit Opportunity

10/28/1974

Positive

United States' Equal Credit Opportunity Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

United States

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1980

29 CFR 1604.10 - Employment policies relating to pregnancy and childbirth.

10/31/1978

Positive

United States prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

United States

High income: OECD

Assets

1982

New York Domestic Relations Law 236B: Equitable Distribution, Maintenance, Child Support

06/02/1905

07/19/1980

Positive

United States recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

United States

High income: OECD

Workplace

1982

Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 Labor Subtitle B Regulations Relating to Labor, Chapter XIV - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission part 1604, Guidelines on Discrimination because of Sex § 1604.11 Sexual harassment.

11/10/1980

#N/A

Positive

United States enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

United States

High income: OECD

Marriage

1995

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

09/13/1994

Positive

United States enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

United States

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2019

New York Regulations Part 415. Child Care Services

04/04/2016

01/01/2018

Positive

New York State (USA) introduced paid family leave that currently entitles each parent to 70 days of leave for the birth of a child. It will gradually increase to 84 days. Parents receive paid parental leave benefits through their employer’s insurance carriers.

Uruguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1982

Law No. 19.161 - Maternity and Paternity Benefits for Private Sector Workers

11/28/1980

12/09/1980

Positive

Uruguay began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Uruguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1991

Law No. 16.045 - Law on Equal Treatment and Opportunities for Both Sexes in the Workplace

06/02/1989

Positive

Uruguay prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Uruguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1997

Law No. 17.514 - Domestic Violence

07/12/1995

07/19/1995

Positive

Uruguay enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Uruguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2004

Law No. 16.713 - Social Security

09/03/1995

01/01/2003

Positive

Uruguay equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Uruguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2010

Law No. 18.345 - Special Licenses with Salary Payment for Private Sector Workers

09/11/2008

09/23/2008

Positive

Uruguay introduced paid paternity leave.

Uruguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2010

Law No. 18.395 - Amendments to Social Security Law No. 16.713

09/11/2008

09/23/2008

Positive

Uruguay explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Uruguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2011

Law No. 18.561 - Sexual Harassment

09/11/2009

09/21/2009

Positive

Uruguay enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Uruguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2015

Law No. 19.161 - Maternity and Paternity Benefits for Private Sector Workers

11/01/2013

11/15/2013

Positive

Uruguay increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Uruguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2019

Law No. 19.580 - Gender Based Violence and Against Women

12/22/2017

01/09/2018

Positive

Uruguay introduced new legislation that mandates equal remuneration for women and men who perform work of equal value.

Uzbekistan

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1973

Labor Code of the Republic Uzbekistan

07/15/1970

01/01/1971

Positive

Uzbekistan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Uzbekistan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1989

Labor Code of the Republic Uzbekistan

02/04/1988

02/22/1988

Negative

Uzbekistan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Uzbekistan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1995

Law No. 938-XII of 3 September 1993 On State Pensions

09/03/1993

07/01/1994

Positive

Uzbekistan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Uzbekistan

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1997

Labor Code of the Republic Uzbekistan

12/21/1995

04/01/1996

Positive

Uzbekistan introduced paid parental leave.

Uzbekistan

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

1997

Labor Code of the Republic Uzbekistan

12/21/1995

04/01/1996

Positive

Uzbekistan lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Uzbekistan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1997

Labor Code of the Republic Uzbekistan

12/21/1995

04/01/1996

Positive

Uzbekistan no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Uzbekistan

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1997

Labor Code of the Republic Uzbekistan

12/21/1995

Positive

Uzbekistan prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Uzbekistan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2012

Labor Code of the Republic Uzbekistan

12/22/2010

Negative

Uzbekistan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Uzbekistan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2020

Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 4235 of 7 March 2019

03/07/2019

Positive

Uzbekistan equalized the mandatory retirement age (60 years) for women and men.

Uzbekistan

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2021

Resolution about measures for implementation of system of registration and issue of identification ID cards in the Republic of Uzbekistan

09/02/2019

Positive

Uzbekistan made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination when providing financial services.

Vanuatu

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

1974

Matrimonial Causes Act 1973

05/23/1973

Positive

Vanuatu allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Vanuatu

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

1983

Penal Code

08/07/1981

Positive

Vanuatu's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Vanuatu

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1989

Vanuatu National Provident Fund (Withdrawal Of Credits And Special Death Benefit) Regulations

10/13/1986

08/10/1987

Positive

Vanuatu introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Vanuatu

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2010

Family Protection Act 2008

12/22/2008

03/02/2009

Positive

Vanuatu enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Venezuela, RB

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1984

Civil Code

07/06/1982

07/26/1982

Positive

Venezuela, RB granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during the marriage. It also granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Venezuela, RB

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1984

Civil Code

07/06/1982

07/26/1982

Positive

Venezuela, RB allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Venezuela, RB

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1984

Civil Code

07/06/1982

07/26/1982

Positive

Venezuela, RB enacted a new Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Venezuela, RB

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1992

Labor Law

05/01/1991

Positive

Venezuela, RB prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Venezuela, RB

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1992

Organic Labor Act of 1990

11/27/1990

05/01/1991

Positive

Venezuela, RB prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Venezuela, RB

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1999

Labor Law

06/10/1997

Positive

Venezuela, RB increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Venezuela, RB

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2007

Decree No. 4447 of April 25, 2006 about the regulation of the Labor Code

04/25/2006

04/28/2006

Positive

Venezuela, RB eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Venezuela, RB

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2000

Law on Violence against Women and the Family

09/03/1998

01/01/1999

Positive

Venezuela, RB enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Venezuela, RB

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2008

Organic Law on the Right of Women to a Life Free of Violence

03/19/2007

04/23/2007

Positive

Venezuela, RB enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Venezuela, RB

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2009

Law for the protection of families, maternity and paternity

07/26/2007

09/20/2007

Positive

Venezuela, RB introduced paid paternity leave.

Venezuela, RB

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2015

Civil Code

07/16/2013

Positive

Venezuela, RB gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Vietnam

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1995

Penal Code

06/23/1994

01/01/1995

Positive

Vietnam prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Vietnam

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1996

Labour Code 1994

06/23/1994

01/01/1995

Positive

Vietnam prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also began administering maternity benefits through its social insurance system.

Vietnam

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

2008

The Law on Gender Equality

11/29/2006

07/01/2007

Positive

Vietnam's Gender Equality Law made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Vietnam

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2009

Law on Domestic Violence Prevention and Control No. 02/2007

11/21/2007

07/01/2008

Positive

Vietnam enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Vietnam

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2014

Labour Code

06/18/2012

05/01/2013

Positive

Vietnam mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Vietnam

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

2014

Labour Code

06/18/2012

05/01/2013

Negative

Vietnam set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Vietnam

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2014

Labour Code

06/18/2012

05/01/2013

Positive

Vietnam enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Vietnam

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2017

Labour Code

11/20/2014

01/01/2016

Positive

Vietnam introduced paid paternity leave.

Vietnam

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

2017

Law on Social Insurance

11/20/2014

01/01/2016

Positive

Vietnam explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Vietnam

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2021

Labour Code

11/20/2019

01/31/2020

Positive

Vietnam eliminated restrictions on women's employment in jobs deemed dangerous.

Vietnam

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2022

Circular No.10/2020/TT-BLDTBXH

11/12/2020

01/01/2021

Positive

Vietnam eliminated all restrictions on women's employment. Women can now work in industrial jobs in the same way as men.

West Bank and Gaza

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2001

Labor Law No. (7) of 2000

04/30/2000

Positive

West Bank and Gaza prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

West Bank and Gaza

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2017

Social Security Law 2016

09/29/2016

11/20/2016

Positive

West Bank and Gaza began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

West Bank and Gaza

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2017

Social Security Law 2016

09/29/2016

11/20/2016

Positive

West Bank and Gaza introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

West Bank and Gaza

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2020

Labor Law No. (7) of 2000

01/28/2019

Negative

West Bank and Gaza reversed a previous reform that introduced the 2016 Social Security Law. Now employers are solely liable for paying maternity benefits.

West Bank and Gaza

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2020

Social Security Law 2016

01/28/2019

Negative

West Bank and Gaza reversed a previous reform that introduced the 2016 Social Security Law. There is now no pension system for the private sector.

Yemen, Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1996

Labor Code

03/09/1995

Negative

The Republic of Yemen set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Yemen, Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

1996

Labor Code

03/09/1995

Positive

The Republic of Yemen prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Yemen, Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2009

Law No. 15 of 2008 amending Law No. 5 of 1995 concerning the Labour Code

04/14/2008

Positive

The Republic of Yemen equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Zambia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1984

Employment Code Act

08/20/1982

Positive

Zambia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Zambia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1990

The Intestate Succession Act

05/19/1989

Positive

Zambia equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Zambia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1992

Employment of Young Persons and Children Act

12/31/1991

Positive

Zambia eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and in industrial undertakings at night.

Zambia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1994

Industrial and Labour Relations Act

04/30/1993

Positive

Zambia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Zambia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2013

Anti-Gender-Based Violence Act 2011

04/15/2011

Positive

Zambia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Zambia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2017

The Gender Equity and Equality Act

12/23/2015

07/08/1905

Positive

Zambia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Zambia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2017

The Gender Equity and Equality Act

12/23/2015

07/08/1905

Positive

Zambia introduced the Gender Equity and Equality Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Zambia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2017

The Gender Equity and Equality Act

12/24/2015

Positive

Zambia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Zambia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2017

The Gender Equity and Equality Act

12/23/2015

12/24/2015

Positive

Zambia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Zambia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2020

Employment Code Act

04/11/2019

Positive

Zambia extended the duration of paid maternity leave from 84 to 98 days.

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1984

Legal Age of Majority Act

12/10/1982

Positive

Zimbabwe allowed women to sign a legally binding contract, register a business, and sign a contract in the same way as men.

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1984

Legal Age of Majority Act

12/10/1982

Positive

Zimbabwe allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men.

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1984

Legal Age of Majority Act

12/10/1982

Positive

Zimbabwe allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1989

Matrimonial Causes Act

12/11/1987

Positive

Zimbabwe recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1993

Married Persons Property Act

06/14/1991

Positive

Zimbabwe granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1995

Pension and Other Benefits Scheme Statutory Instrument No. 393 of 1993

12/24/1993

Positive

Zimbabwe introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2000

Prevention of Discrimination Act

01/29/1999

Positive

Zimbabwe introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2003

Labour Relations Amendment Act

12/31/2002

03/07/2003

Positive

Zimbabwe prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2003

Labour Act

12/31/2002

03/07/2003

Positive

Zimbabwe prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2007

Labour Act

12/30/2005

Positive

Zimbabwe increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2007

Labour Act

12/30/2005

Positive

Zimbabwe enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Zimbabwe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2008

Domestic Violence Act

02/26/2007

09/25/2007

Positive

Zimbabwe enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.