Afghanistan | South Asia | Parenthood | 1989 | Labour Code of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan | 06/11/1987 | 06/11/1987 | Positive | Afghanistan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Afghanistan | South Asia | Pension | 1989 | Labour Code of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan | 06/11/1987 | 06/11/1987 | Negative | Afghanistan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Afghanistan | South Asia | Parenthood | 2000 | Labour Law of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan | 01/11/1999 | 01/11/1999 | Negative | Afghanistan no longer prohibits the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Afghanistan | South Asia | Pension | 2000 | Labor Code | 01/11/1999 | 01/11/1999 | Positive | Afghanistan equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Afghanistan | South Asia | Parenthood | 2008 | Labor Code | 02/04/2007 | 02/04/2007 | Positive | Afghanistan introduced paid paternity leave. |
Afghanistan | South Asia | Mobility | 2017 | Passport Law | 10/25/2015 | 10/25/2015 | Positive | Afghanistan enacted a new Passport Law which no longer requires a married woman to bring a guardian or written consent of her husband when applying for a passport. |
Afghanistan | South Asia | Workplace | 2017 | Regulations Prohibiting the Harassment of Women | 10/03/2015 | 11/07/2015 | Positive | Afghanistan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment and also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Afghanistan | South Asia | Mobility | 2023 | Executive Decree on Women's Rights | 12/03/2021 | 12/03/2021 | Negative | The interim Taliban administration in Afghanistan restricted women’s right to travel outside the country in the same way as men. |
Afghanistan | South Asia | Workplace | 2023 | Executive Decree on Women's Rights | 12/03/2021 | 12/03/2021 | Negative | The interim Taliban administration in Afghanistan restricted women’s right to get a job in the same way as men. |
Albania | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1994 | On Social Insurance in the Republic of Albania | 05/11/1993 | 06/11/1993 | Positive | Albania increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Albania | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1994 | On Social Insurance in the Republic of Albania | 05/11/1993 | 06/11/1993 | Positive | Albania explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Albania | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2005 | Labor Code of Albania - Law No. 7961 of 12 July 1995 | 07/29/2003 | 07/29/2003 | Positive | Albania prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Albania | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1997 | Labor Code of Albania - Law No. 7961 of 12 July 1995 | 07/07/1995 | 07/27/1995 | Positive | Albania no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. |
Albania | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 1997 | Labor Code of Albania - Law No. 7961 of 12 July 1995 | 07/12/1995 | 07/27/1995 | Positive | Albania prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Albania | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2008 | Law No. 9669 of 18.12.2006 "On Measures against Violence in Family Relations" | 12/18/2006 | 06/01/2007 | Positive | Albania enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Albania | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2011 | Law on Protection from Discrimination | 02/04/2010 | 03/12/2010 | Positive | Albania introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Albania | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2017 | Labor Code of Albania - Law No. 7961 of 12 July 1995 | 12/05/2015 | 12/05/2015 | Positive | Albania introduced paid paternity leave. |
Albania | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2017 | Labor Code of Albania - Law No. 7961 of 12 July 1995 | 12/05/2015 | 12/05/2015 | Positive | Albania mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Algeria | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 1976 | Act No. 83-11 of 2 July 1983 on social insurance | 04/29/1975 | 05/16/1975 | Positive | Algeria began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
Algeria | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 1984 | Law No. 83-12 of 2 July 1983 relating to retirement | 07/02/1983 | 01/01/1984 | Positive | Algeria introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. The new system set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Algeria | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 1985 | Act No. 83-11 of 2 July 1983 on social insurance | 07/02/1983 | 07/02/1983 | Positive | Algeria increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Algeria | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 1991 | Act No. 90-11 of 21 April 1990 on Labor relations | 04/21/1990 | 04/21/1990 | Positive | Algeria introduced paid paternity leave. |
Algeria | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 1991 | Act No. 90-11 of 21 April 1990 on Labor relations | 04/21/1990 | 04/21/1990 | Positive | Algeria mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Algeria | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 1998 | Ordinance No. 97-13 of 31 May 1997 amending and supplementing Act No. 83-12 of 2 July 1983 on pensions | 05/31/1997 | 05/31/1997 | Negative | Algeria set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Algeria | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2006 | Ordinance n ° 05-02 of February 27, 2005 amending and supplementing Law n ° 84-11 of June 9, 1984 on the family code | 02/27/2005 | 02/27/2005 | Positive | Algeria allowed women to be head of household. It no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Algeria | Middle East & North Africa | Mobility | 2006 | Ordinance n ° 05-02 of February 27, 2005 amending and supplementing Law n ° 84-11 of June 9, 1984 on the family code | 02/27/2005 | 02/27/2005 | Positive | Algeria reformed its Family Code allowing a woman to leave the marital home without her husband's permission. |
Algeria | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2006 | Law No. 04-15 of November 10, 2004 Amending and Supplementing Ordinance No. 66-156 of June 8, 1966 on the Penal Code | 11/10/2004 | 11/10/2004 | Positive | Algeria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Algeria | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2017 | Act No. 15-19 of 30 December 2015 Amending and Supplementing Ordinance No. 66-156 of 8 June 1966 on the Criminal Code | 12/30/2015 | 12/30/2015 | Positive | Algeria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Angola | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1983 | General Labour Law - Law 6/81 of 24 August | 11/11/1981 | 08/24/1981 | Positive | Angola prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Angola | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1989 | Law No. 1/88 - Family Code | 02/20/1988 | 02/20/1988 | Positive | Angola granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. |
Angola | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 1989 | Law No. 1/88 - Family Code | 02/20/1988 | 02/20/1988 | Positive | Angola introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Angola | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 1989 | Law No. 1/88 - Family Code | 02/20/1988 | 02/20/1988 | Positive | Angola allowed women to be head of household. It also gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Angola | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 1989 | Law No. 1/88 - Family Code | 02/20/1988 | 02/20/1988 | Positive | Angola introduced new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Angola | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1989 | Law No. 1/88 - Family Code | 02/20/1988 | 02/20/1988 | Positive | Angola allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Angola | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2001 | General Labour Law No. 2/00 of 11 February 2000 | 02/11/2000 | 02/11/2000 | Positive | Angola mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Angola | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2001 | General Labour Law No. 2/00 of 11 February 2000 | 02/11/2000 | 04/11/2000 | Positive | Angola prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Angola | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2012 | Presidential Decree No. 08/11 | 07/01/2011 | 07/01/2011 | Positive | Angola began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
Angola | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2013 | Notice N 12-2016 Protection of consumers of financial products and services | 06/01/2011 | 06/01/2011 | Positive | Angola made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Angola | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2013 | Law No. 25/11 - Against Domestic Violence | 06/21/2011 | 07/14/2011 | Positive | Angola enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Angola | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2017 | Law No. 7/15 - General Labor Law | 06/15/2015 | 06/15/2015 | Positive | Angola introduced paid paternity leave. |
Angola | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2022 | The Angolan Criminal Code | 11/11/2020 | 02/11/2021 | Positive | Angola enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Antigua and Barbuda | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1974 | The Social Security Act Cap. 408 | 07/11/1972 | 07/11/1972 | Positive | Antigua and Barbuda introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Antigua and Barbuda | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1977 | Antigua and Barbuda Labor Code (No. 14 of 1975) (Cap. 27) | 09/19/1975 | 09/19/1975 | Positive | Antigua and Barbuda prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Antigua and Barbuda | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1998 | Divorce Act | 03/11/1997 | 05/01/1997 | Positive | Antigua and Barbuda allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as a man. |
Antigua and Barbuda | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2000 | Domestic Violence Act 2015 (No. 27 of 2015) | 02/18/1999 | 02/25/1999 | Positive | Antigua and Barbuda enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1976 | Law No. 20.744 - Law on Employment Contracts | 09/11/1974 | 09/27/1974 | Positive | Argentina prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1976 | Law No. 20.744 - Law on Employment Contracts | 09/11/1974 | 09/20/1974 | Negative | Argentina set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 1977 | Law No. 20.744 - Law on Employment Contracts | 03/13/1976 | 03/13/1976 | Positive | Argentina mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1977 | Law No. 27440 on Promoting SMEs | 05/13/1976 | 05/13/1976 | Positive | Argentina prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1989 | Civil and Commercial Code | 06/03/1987 | 06/08/1987 | Positive | Argentina legalized divorce, equally granting the right to both spouses. There is no waiting period before remarriage for either spouse. |
Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1989 | The Civil Code of 1869 | 06/03/1987 | 06/08/1987 | Positive | Argentina reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1989 | Law No. 23. 515 of 1987 amended Civil Code | 06/08/1987 | 06/12/1987 | Positive | Argentina allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 1993 | Law No. 24.013 Labor Law | 11/13/1991 | 12/05/1991 | Positive | Argentina lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1996 | Law No. 24.417 - Law on the Protection Against Family Violence | 12/07/1994 | 12/28/1994 | Positive | Argentina enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 2005 | The Civil Code of 1869 | 10/01/2003 | 11/12/2003 | Positive | Argentina amended its civil code, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2010 | Law No. 26.485 - Law on the Integral Protection of Women | 03/11/2009 | 04/01/2009 | Positive | Argentina enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 2019 | Law 27246, Retirement Mobility Index. Assets. Faculties | 12/28/2017 | 12/28/2017 | Positive | Argentina equalized the mandatory retirement age (70 years) for women and men. |
Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 2022 | Integrated Retirement and Pension System Decree 475/2021 | 07/17/2021 | 07/19/2021 | Positive | Argentina explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Argentina | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 1989 | Law No. 23.515 of 1987 amending the Civil Code | 06/03/1987 | 06/08/1987 | Positive | Argentina enacted a Civil Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Armenia | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1972 | Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia | 06/16/1972 | 10/01/1972 | Negative | Armenia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Armenia | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1972 | Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia | 07/15/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Positive | Armenia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Armenia | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 1974 | Labor Code | 06/16/1972 | 10/01/1972 | Positive | Armenia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Armenia | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1997 | Law on State Pensions | 12/06/1995 | 12/06/1995 | Positive | Armenia no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Armenia | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2004 | Law on State Pensions | 11/19/2002 | 01/01/2003 | Positive | Armenia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Armenia | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2006 | Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia | 11/09/2004 | 06/21/2005 | Positive | Armenia eliminated all restrictions on women's employment and lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Armenia | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2006 | Labor Code | 11/09/2004 | 06/21/2005 | Positive | Armenia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Armenia | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2007 | Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia | 10/24/2005 | 01/01/2006 | Positive | Armenia introduced paid parental leave. |
Armenia | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2012 | Law on State Pensions | 12/22/2010 | 01/01/2011 | Positive | Armenia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Armenia | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2012 | The Republic of Armenia Law HO-117 on Changes and Additions to the Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia | 06/24/2010 | 08/07/2010 | Negative | Armenia abrogated legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Armenia | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2019 | Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence, Protection of Victims of Domestic Violence and Restoration of Solidarity in the Family | 12/30/2017 | 01/31/2018 | Positive | Armenia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Armenia | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2022 | Labor Code of the Republic of Armenia | 09/16/2020 | 01/01/2021 | Positive | Armenia introduced paid paternity leave. |
Australia | High income: OECD | Assets | 1977 | Family Law Act 1975 | 06/12/1975 | 01/06/1976 | Positive | Australia recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Australia | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 1978 | Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 No 48 | 04/28/1977 | 08/01/1984 | Positive | Australia made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Australia | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1982 | Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 No 48 | 04/22/1981 | 04/22/1981 | Positive | Australia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Australia | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1983 | Domicile Act 1982 | 03/04/1982 | 07/01/1982 | Positive | Australia reformed its Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Australia | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1984 | Australian Passports Act 2005 | 01/13/1983 | 01/13/1983 | Positive | Australia introduced new legal amendments which no longer requires a married woman her husband's permission when applying for a passport. |
Australia | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1985 | Sex Discrimination Act 1984 | 03/21/1984 | 03/21/1984 | Positive | Australia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Australia | High income: OECD | Pay | 1998 | Workplace Relations Act 1996 | 11/25/1996 | 11/25/1996 | Positive | Australia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Australia | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1998 | Anti-Discrimination Amendment Act 1997 | 05/20/1997 | 09/04/1997 | Positive | Australia enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Australia | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2010 | Crimes (Domestic and Personal Violence) Act 2007 No 80 | 12/07/2007 | 03/10/2008 | Positive | Australia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Australia | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2012 | Paid Parental Leave Act 2010 | 07/14/2010 | 10/01/2010 | Positive | Australia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks and its federal government began administering parental leave benefits. It also introduced paid parental leave. |
Australia | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2014 | Paid Parental Leave and Other Legislation Amendment (Dad and Partner Pay and Other Measures) Act 2012 | 07/22/2012 | 07/22/2012 | Positive | Australia introduced paid paternity leave. |
Australia | High income: OECD | Pension | 2016 | Social Security Act 1991 | 04/23/1991 | 07/01/2014 | Positive | Australia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1975 | Maternity Leave Act of 1973 | 04/01/1974 | 04/01/1974 | Positive | Austria increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1977 | General civil code for the entire German inheritance of the Austrian monarchy | 07/01/1975 | 07/01/1975 | Positive | Austria allowed women to be head of household. Austria no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1977 | General civil code for the entire German inheritance of the Austrian monarchy | 07/01/1975 | 07/31/1975 | Positive | Austria reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Assets | 1980 | Law to standardize the right of marriage and divorce in the country of Austria and in the rest of the Reich. 6 July 1938.; Civil Code | 06/15/1978 | 06/15/1978 | Positive | Austria granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. Austria also recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1980 | Maternity Protection Act 1979 | 05/31/1979 | 05/31/1979 | Positive | Austria prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Pay | 1980 | Federal Act on Equal Treatment | 02/23/1979 | 03/15/1979 | Positive | Austria mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1980 | Federal Equal Treatment Act | 02/23/1979 | 03/15/1979 | Positive | Austria prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1985 | Law to standardize the right of marriage and divorce in the country of Austria and in the rest of the Reich. 6 July 1938. | 11/11/1983 | 11/11/1983 | Positive | Austria gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1992 | Paid Parental Leave Act 2010 | 06/27/1990 | 07/13/1990 | Positive | Austria introduced paid parental leave. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Pension | 1994 | Federal Constitutional Law on Different Age Limits of Male and Female Social Insurance | 02/01/1993 | 03/02/1993 | Negative | Austria set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1994 | Federal Equal Treatment Act | 02/12/1993 | 03/01/1993 | Positive | Austria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1998 | Federal Law on protection against violence in the family - GeSchG | 12/30/1996 | 12/30/1996 | Positive | Austria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Pay | 2004 | Federal Act No. 122/2002 | 08/01/2002 | 08/01/2002 | Positive | Austria lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Pension | 2006 | Federal Act of 9 September 1955 on General Social Insurance | 12/15/2004 | 01/01/2005 | Positive | Austria explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2010 | Federal Act on Equal Treatment | 07/02/2008 | 07/02/2008 | Positive | Austria's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Pay | 2010 | Ordinance of the Federal Minister of Economics and Labor on Employment bans and restrictions for women workers | 07/31/2008 | 07/31/2008 | Positive | Austria eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Pension | 2015 | Federal Act of 9 September 1955 on General Social Insurance | 08/20/2003 | 06/01/2014 | Positive | Austria no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Austria | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2021 | Father's Leave Act | 07/01/2019 | 12/01/2019 | Positive | Austria introduced 30 days of paid paternity leave. |
Azerbaijan | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1972 | Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor | 07/15/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Positive | Azerbaijan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Azerbaijan | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1972 | Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor | 07/15/1970 | 07/15/1970 | Negative | Azerbaijan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Azerbaijan | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1973 | Labor Code of the Azerbaijan Republic | 12/10/1971 | 06/01/1972 | Positive | Azerbaijan no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. |
Azerbaijan | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 1973 | Labor Code of the Azerbaijan Republic | 12/10/1971 | 06/01/1972 | Positive | Azerbaijan prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Azerbaijan | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1994 | Law Of Azerbaijan Republic On Citizens' Provision Of Pensions | 09/23/1992 | 01/01/1993 | Positive | Azerbaijan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Azerbaijan | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2001 | Labor Code of the Azerbaijan Republic | 02/01/1999 | 07/01/1999 | Positive | Azerbaijan introduced paid parental leave. |
Azerbaijan | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2008 | Social Benefits Law | 10/10/2006 | 10/10/2006 | Positive | Azerbaijan introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Azerbaijan | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2008 | Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Guarantees of Gender (Men and Women) Equality | 10/10/2006 | 10/10/2006 | Positive | Azerbaijan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Azerbaijan | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2012 | The Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Prevention of Domestic Violence | 06/22/2010 | 06/22/2010 | Positive | Azerbaijan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Bahamas, The | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1973 | National Insurance Act | 12/12/1971 | 12/12/1971 | Positive | The Bahamas introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Bahamas, The | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1984 | Matrimonial Causes Act, Ch. 125 | 01/01/1983 | 01/01/1983 | Positive | The Bahamas amended the Matrimonial Causes Act to recognize the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Bahamas, The | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1986 | National Insurance (Benefits and Assistance) Regulations | 06/06/1984 | 10/01/1984 | Positive | The Bahamas explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Bahamas, The | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1989 | Employment Act, Ch. 321A | 03/29/1988 | 03/29/1988 | Positive | The Bahamas prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Bahamas, The | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1993 | Domestic Violence (Protection Orders) Act | 07/29/1991 | 08/02/1991 | Positive | The Bahamas enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Bahamas, The | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1993 | Sexual Offences Act | 07/29/1991 | 08/02/1991 | Positive | The Bahamas enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Bahamas, The | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 2003 | Inheritance Act (No. 3 of 2002) | 01/31/2002 | 02/01/2002 | Positive | The Bahamas equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. |
Bahamas, The | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2003 | Employment Act, Ch. 321A | 12/31/2001 | 12/31/2001 | Positive | The Bahamas prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Bahrain | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 1978 | Amiri Decree-Law No. 23 of 1976 | 06/01/1976 | 08/15/1976 | Positive | Bahrain prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Bahrain | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 1978 | The Decree-Law promulgating the Law on Social Insurance | 06/29/1976 | 08/15/1976 | Positive | Bahrain introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Bahrain | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 1995 | Labour Law for the Private Sector | 10/04/1993 | 10/04/1993 | Positive | Bahrain introduced paid paternity leave. |
Bahrain | Middle East & North Africa | Mobility | 2007 | Law No. 21 of 2015, amending Passport Law No. 11 of 1975 | 07/13/2005 | 07/14/2005 | Positive | Bahrain amended its Passport Law which no longer requires a married woman her husband's consent when applying for a passport. |
Bahrain | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2014 | Law No. 36 of 2012 The promulgation of the Labor Law in the private sector | 07/26/2012 | 07/26/2012 | Positive | Bahrain prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Bahrain | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2017 | Law No. 17 of 2015 on Protection from Domestic Violence | 05/08/2015 | 08/13/2015 | Positive | Bahrain enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Bahrain | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2019 | Family Law No. 19 of 2017 | 07/19/2017 | 08/01/2017 | Positive | Bahrain began allowing women to be head of household. |
Bahrain | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2020 | Decree Law No. 59 of 2018 amending some provisions of Labor Code No. 36 of 2012 | 11/02/2018 | 11/29/2018 | Positive | Bahrain enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Bahrain | Middle East & North Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2021 | Central Bank of Bahrain's Directive No. OG/293/2020 | 08/26/2020 | 08/26/2020 | Positive | Bahrain made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Bahrain | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 2021 | Ministerial Order No. 32 of 2013 | 10/18/2019 | 10/18/2019 | Positive | Bahrain eliminated restrictions on women's employment in arduous jobs. |
Bahrain | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 2021 | Social Insurance Organization Decision No. (1) of 2020 | 08/27/2020 | 08/29/2020 | Positive | Bahrain explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Bahrain | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 2022 | Law No. 36 of 2012 The promulgation of the Labor Law in the private sector | 08/05/2021 | 08/06/2021 | Positive | Bahrain mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night. It also repealed provisions giving the relevant authority the power to prohibit or restrict women from working in certain jobs or industries. |
Bahrain | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 2023 | Law No. 14 of 2022 amending the some provisions of the Social Security Law issued by Decree Law No. 24 of 1976 | 04/18/2022 | 05/24/2022 | Positive | Bahrain equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
Bangladesh | South Asia | Mobility | 1974 | Bangladesh Passport Order of 1973 | 02/08/1973 | 02/08/1973 | Positive | Bangladesh introduced new legislation which no longer requires a married woman her husband's information when applying for a passport. |
Bangladesh | South Asia | Parenthood | 2008 | Labor Act | 10/11/2006 | 10/11/2006 | Positive | Bangladesh increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Bangladesh | South Asia | Pay | 2008 | Labor Act | 10/11/2006 | 10/11/2006 | Positive | Bangladesh lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Bangladesh | South Asia | Workplace | 2010 | Supreme Court of Bangladesh, BNWLA v. Government of Bangladesh, 14 May 2009, Petition No. 5916 of 2008 | 05/14/2009 | 05/14/2009 | Positive | Bangladesh enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Bangladesh | South Asia | Marriage | 2012 | Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act, 2010 | 10/11/2010 | 10/12/2010 | Positive | Bangladesh enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Barbados | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1978 | Employment of Women (Maternity Leave) Act, Chapter 345A | 07/19/1976 | 07/19/1976 | Positive | Barbados prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Barbados | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1981 | Domicile Reform Act, Cap. 213 | 01/01/1980 | 01/01/1980 | Positive | Barbados introduced the Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Barbados | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1983 | Family Law (Amendment) Act | 02/01/1982 | 02/01/1982 | Positive | Barbados' new Family Law Act explicitly recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Barbados | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1993 | Domestic Violence (Protection Orders) Act, Cap. 130A | 02/13/1992 | 02/13/1992 | Positive | Barbados enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Barbados | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2019 | Employment Sexual Harassment (Prevention) Act, 2017 | 10/27/2017 | 12/15/2017 | Positive | Barbados enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Barbados | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2021 | Employment (Prevention of Discrimination) Act | 08/05/2020 | 08/05/2020 | Positive | Barbados prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Belarus | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1972 | Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus | 07/15/1970 | 07/15/1970 | Negative | Belarus set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Belarus | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1972 | Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus | 07/15/1971 | 01/01/1971 | Positive | Belarus prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Belarus | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 1974 | Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus dated 06/23/1972 | 06/23/1972 | 06/23/1972 | Positive | Belarus prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Belarus | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1993 | Law on Pensions | 04/17/1992 | 01/01/1993 | Positive | Belarus explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Belarus | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1995 | Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus | 12/15/1992 | 01/15/1993 | Positive | Belarus introduced paid parental leave. |
Belarus | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 1996 | Constitution of the Republic of Belarus | 03/15/1994 | 03/30/1994 | Positive | Belarus mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Belarus | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1996 | Constitution of the Republic of Belarus | 11/11/1994 | 11/11/1994 | Positive | Belarus no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. |
Belarus | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2001 | Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus | 07/26/1999 | 01/01/2000 | Positive | Belarus lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Belarus | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2015 | Law on Basic Activities Aimed at Offence Prevention | 01/04/2014 | 04/16/2014 | Positive | Belarus enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Belgium | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1973 | Civil Code | 05/15/1972 | 05/15/1972 | Positive | Belgium abolished a waiting period for remarriage, giving women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Belgium | High income: OECD | Assets | 1978 | Civil Code | 07/14/1976 | 07/14/1976 | Positive | Belgium granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Belgium | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 1978 | Civil Code | 07/14/1976 | 07/14/1976 | Positive | Belgium amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Belgium | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1978 | Civil Code | 07/14/1976 | 07/14/1976 | Positive | Belgium introduced legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Belgium | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1978 | Civil Code | 07/04/1976 | 07/04/1976 | Positive | Belgium allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Belgium | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1996 | Royal Decree implementing Articles 15, 16 and 17 of the Law of 26 July 1996 on the modernisation of social security and ensuring the viability of statutory pension schemes. | 04/03/1995 | 05/10/1995 | Positive | Belgium prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Belgium | High income: OECD | Pension | 1998 | Labor Law | 12/23/1996 | 12/23/1996 | Positive | Belgium equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Belgium | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1999 | Royal Decree on the introduction of a right to parental leave in the context of a career break | 10/29/1997 | 10/29/1997 | Positive | Belgium introduced paid parental leave. |
Belgium | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2000 | Law on equal treatment between men and women with regard to working conditions, access to employment and opportunities for promotion, access to a self-employed profession and supplementary social security schemes | 05/07/1999 | 06/19/1999 | Positive | Belgium prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Belgium | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2004 | Act on the allocation of family housing to a spouse or legal cohabitant who is a victim of physical violence by his or her partner, supplementing article 410 of the Criminal Code. | 01/28/2003 | 02/12/2003 | Positive | Belgium enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Belgium | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2004 | Law on the Welfare of Workers during the Performance of Their Work | 06/11/2002 | 07/01/2002 | Positive | Belgium enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Belgium | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2008 | Law against the discrimination between men and women 10 May 2007 | 05/10/2007 | 05/10/2007 | Positive | Belgium introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Belgium | High income: OECD | Pay | 2010 | Collective Labor Agreement No. 25 of 15 October 1975 on equal pay for men and women, as amended by the collective Labor agreement No. 25 Bis of 19 December 2001 and No. 25 Ter of 9 July 2008 | 07/09/2008 | 07/09/2008 | Positive | Belgium mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value |
Belgium | High income: OECD | Pension | 2010 | Collective Labor Agreement No. 25 of 15 October 1975 on equal pay for men and women, as amended by the collective Labor agreement No. 25 Bis of 19 December 2001 and No. 25 Ter of 9 July 2008 | 07/09/2008 | 07/09/2008 | Positive | Belgium equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
Belgium | High income: OECD | Pay | 2012 | Law Related to Various Dispositions | 04/28/2010 | 05/10/2010 | Positive | Belgium eliminated restrictions on women's employment in mining. It also allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Belize | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1981 | Social Security Act | 10/04/1979 | 10/04/1979 | Positive | Belize began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
Belize | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1982 | Social Security Act | 12/15/1980 | 06/01/1981 | Positive | Belize introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Belize | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1994 | Domestic Violence Act | 12/23/1992 | 03/01/1993 | Positive | Belize enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Belize | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1998 | Protection Against Sexual Harassment Act Chapter 107 | 08/12/1996 | 10/01/1996 | Positive | Belize enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Belize | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2002 | Social Security Act | 11/28/2000 | 01/01/2001 | Positive | Belize increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Belize | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 2003 | Supreme Court of Judicature Act | 02/23/2001 | 03/01/2001 | Positive | Belize reformed its Supreme Court of Judicature Act to recognize the value of nonmonetary contributions, including "any contribution made in the capacity of housewife, homemaker or parent." |
Belize | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2013 | Labor (Amendment) Act, 2011 | 04/13/2011 | 04/13/2011 | Positive | Belize prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1974 | Order No. 73-3 of January 17, 1973 establishing and organizing the Beninese Social Security Office. | 01/12/1973 | 01/12/1973 | Positive | Benin introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1975 | Order No. 74-38 of May 9, 1974, amending Order No. 33 PR/MFPT of September 28, 1967, establishing the Labor Code | 05/09/1974 | 05/09/1974 | Positive | Benin prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 1999 | Act No. 98-004 of 27 January 1998 on the Labor Code. | 01/27/1998 | 01/27/1998 | Positive | Benin mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1999 | Act No. 98-004 of 27 January 1998 on the Labor Code. | 01/27/1998 | 01/27/1998 | Positive | Benin prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2004 | Law No. 98-019 on the Social Security Code in the Republic of Benin | 03/21/2003 | 03/21/2003 | Negative | Benin enacted new legislation that obliges employers to pay a portion of maternity benefits along with the social security system. |
Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2006 | Law No. 2002 - 07 on the Persons and Family Code | 08/24/2004 | 08/24/2004 | Positive | Benin's new Family and Personal Code granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. It also equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. |
Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2006 | Law No. 2002 - 07 on the Persons and Family Code | 08/24/2004 | 08/24/2004 | Positive | Benin introduced a Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent. |
Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2006 | Law No. 2002 - 07 on the Persons and Family Code | 08/24/2004 | 08/24/2004 | Positive | Benin allowed women to be head of household. |
Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2006 | Law No. 2002 - 07 on the Persons and Family Code | 06/14/2004 | 06/14/2004 | Positive | Benin allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2008 | Act No. 2006-19 on the suppression of sexual harassment and the protection of victims in the Republic of Benin | 07/17/2006 | 09/05/2006 | Positive | Benin enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2013 | Act No. 2011-26 of 9 January 2012 on the prevention and punishment of violence against women | 09/27/2011 | 01/09/2012 | Positive | Benin enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2021 | Circular Note - Procedural Relief | 12/08/2019 | 12/08/2019 | Positive | Benin allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men. |
Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2022 | Inter-Ministerial Order 2021-096/MPMEPE/MTFP/MS/DC/SGM/DGT/DSSMST/DPEE/SA/012SGG21 establishing the nature of the work and the categories of businesses forbidden to pregnant women, nursing mothers and young people and the age limit to which the interdiction applies | 08/26/2021 | 08/26/2021 | Positive | Benin removed restrictions on women’s employment in construction. Women can now work in industrial jobs in the same way as men. |
Benin | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2023 | Order No. 2349-5 Prohibiting any discrimination based on sex in access to credit from credit institutions, financial institutions of a banking nature and decentralized financial systems | 12/21/2021 | 12/21/2021 | Positive | Benin prohibited gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Bhutan | South Asia | Parenthood | 2008 | Labor and Employment Act 2007 | 01/04/2007 | 02/20/2007 | Positive | Bhutan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Bhutan | South Asia | Pay | 2008 | Labor and Employment Act 2007 | 01/04/2007 | 02/20/2007 | Positive | Bhutan mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Bhutan | South Asia | Workplace | 2008 | Labor and Employment Act 2007 | 01/04/2007 | 02/20/2007 | Positive | Bhutan prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Bhutan | South Asia | Parenthood | 2011 | Acceptable Forms of Child Labour Regulation, 2009 | 11/11/2009 | 11/11/2009 | Positive | Bhutan introduced paid paternity leave. |
Bhutan | South Asia | Marriage | 2014 | Domestic Violence Prevention Act 2013 | 01/01/2013 | 03/18/2013 | Positive | Bhutan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1974 | Law No. 603 Family Code | 08/23/1972 | 04/02/1973 | Positive | Bolivia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 1974 | Law No. 603 Family Code | 08/23/1972 | 04/02/1973 | Positive | Bolivia enacted a new Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1974 | Law No. 603 Family Code | 08/23/1972 | 04/02/1973 | Positive | Bolivia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1974 | Law No. 603 Family Code | 08/23/1972 | 04/02/1973 | Positive | Bolivia enacted a new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way a man. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1974 | Family Code of 1972 | 08/23/1972 | 04/02/1973 | Negative | Bolivia introduced a legal provision that allows a husband to object to his wife's work. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1989 | Act No. 975, on employment security for pregnant women, of 2 March 1988 | 03/02/1988 | 03/02/1988 | Positive | Bolivia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1997 | Law No. 1674 Against Family or Domestic Violence | 12/15/1995 | #N/A | Positive | Bolivia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 2002 | Supreme Decree No. 25851 Pensions Law | 07/21/2000 | 07/21/2000 | Positive | Bolivia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 2009 | Law No. 3791 Universal Old Age Income | 11/28/2007 | 01/01/2008 | Positive | Bolivia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 2010 | Political Constitution of the Plurinational State of Bolivia | 01/25/2009 | 02/07/2009 | Positive | Bolivia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 2012 | Law No. 045 Against Racism and All Forms of Discrimination | 10/08/2010 | 10/08/2010 | Positive | Bolivia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 2012 | Law No. 65 Pension Law | 12/10/2010 | 12/10/2010 | Negative | Bolivia introduced an old-age pension system that sets unequal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2014 | Supreme Decree No. 1212 - Paternity Leave | 05/01/2012 | 05/02/2012 | Positive | Bolivia introduced paid paternity leave. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2014 | Law No. 348 to Guarantee Women a Life Free from Violence | 03/09/2013 | 03/09/2013 | Positive | Bolivia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2016 | Law No. 603 Family Code | 11/19/2014 | 08/06/2015 | Positive | Bolivia abolished a waiting period for remarriage, giving women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 2016 | Political Constitution of the Plurinational State of Bolivia | 06/10/2014 | 06/10/2014 | Positive | Bolivia lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night and in jobs deemed dangerous. |
Bolivia | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2016 | Law No. 603 Family Code | 11/19/2014 | #N/A | Positive | Bolivia allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2000 | Law on Pension and Disability Insurance of the Federation of Bosnia and Hertzegovina | 07/23/1998 | 07/31/1998 | Positive | Bosnia and Herzegovina equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. It no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2001 | Labor Law of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | 10/27/1999 | 10/27/1999 | Positive | Bosnia and Herzegovina introduced paid paternity leave. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2001 | Labor Law of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | 10/27/1999 | 11/04/1999 | Positive | Bosnia and Herzegovina prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2004 | Law on Gender Equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina | 05/21/2003 | 05/21/2003 | Positive | Bosnia and Herzegovina mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2004 | Law on Gender Equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina | 05/21/2003 | 06/24/2003 | Positive | Bosnia and Herzegovina enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2006 | Law on Protection from Domestic Violence in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | 03/29/2005 | 04/07/2005 | Positive | Bosnia and Herzegovina enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2011 | Law on Pension and Disability Insurance of the Federation of Bosnia and Hertzegovina | 03/25/2010 | 03/25/2010 | Positive | Bosnia and Herzegovina's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2017 | Law on Pension and Disability Insurance of the Federation of Bosnia and Hertzegovina | 01/09/2009 | 12/31/2015 | Positive | Bosnia and Herzegovina no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2018 | Labor Law of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | 03/31/2016 | 04/12/2016 | Positive | Bosnia and Herzegovina allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2019 | Law on Pension and Disability Insurance of the Federation of Bosnia and Hertzegovina | 02/21/2018 | 02/21/2018 | Negative | Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted a new law that allows women and men to retire with partial benefits at ages 56 and 61 respectively. The ages are set to equalize in 2026. |
Botswana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1972 | Succession (Rights of the Surviving Spouse and Inheritance Family Provisions) Act | 12/14/1970 | 12/14/1970 | Positive | Botswana equalized inheritance rights for male and female surviving spouses. |
Botswana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 1994 | Employment (Amendment) Act 1992. No. 26. | 09/05/1992 | 10/09/1992 | Positive | Botswana lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night and eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. |
Botswana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1997 | Universal Pension and Orphan Care Act 1996 | 01/01/1996 | 01/01/1996 | Positive | Botswana introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Botswana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2006 | Abolition of Marital Power Act | 05/01/2005 | 05/01/2005 | Positive | Botswana granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. It also abolished marital power, granting spouses equal administrative authority over assets during the marriage. |
Botswana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2006 | Abolition of Marital Power Act | 05/01/2005 | 05/01/2005 | Positive | Botswana abolished its marital power provision allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Botswana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2006 | Abolition of Marital Power Act | 05/01/2005 | 05/01/2005 | Positive | Botswana allowed women to be head of household. |
Botswana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2006 | Abolition of Marital Power Act | 05/01/2005 | 05/01/2005 | Positive | Botswana introduced new legislation abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Botswana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2006 | Abolition of Marital Power Act | 05/01/2005 | 05/01/2005 | Positive | Botswana allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Botswana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2009 | Domestic Violence Act | 04/30/2008 | 04/30/2008 | Positive | Botswana enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1976 | Law No. 6.136, of November 7, 1974 | 11/07/1974 | 01/09/1975 | Positive | Brazil began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1975 | Law No. 5.890, of June 8, 1973 | 06/30/1973 | 06/30/1973 | Negative | Brazil set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1979 | Civil Code | 12/26/1977 | 12/27/1977 | Positive | Brazil legalized divorce. The process is the same for women and men. |
Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1990 | Constitution of the Federal Republic of Brazil | 10/08/1988 | 10/08/1988 | Positive | Brazil increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 1991 | Law No. 7855 of October of 1989 | 10/24/1989 | 10/24/1989 | Positive | Brazil allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and ifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1991 | Law No. 7855 of October of 1989 | 10/24/1989 | 01/11/2003 | Positive | Brazil allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 2000 | Decree No. 3048/1999 - Social Security Regulation | 05/31/1999 | 05/31/1999 | Positive | Brazil explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2000 | Decree-Law No. 5452/1943 - Consolidation of Brazilian Labor Laws | 05/26/1999 | 05/26/1999 | Positive | Brazil prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2002 | Decree-Law No. 2848/1940 - Criminal Code | 05/15/2001 | 05/15/2001 | Positive | Brazil enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 2003 | Civil Code | 01/10/2002 | 01/12/2003 | Positive | Brazil granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 2003 | Civil Code | 01/10/2002 | 01/12/2003 | Positive | Brazil introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to register a business in the same way as a man without her husband's consent. |
Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2003 | Civil Code | 01/10/2002 | 01/12/2003 | Positive | Brazil allowed women to be head of household. Brazil gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 2003 | Civil Code | 01/10/2002 | 01/12/2003 | Positive | Brazil introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2008 | Law No. 11340 - Maria da Penha Law (Domestic Violence) | 08/07/2006 | 09/22/2006 | Positive | Brazil enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Brazil | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 2021 | Decree No. 10.410/2020, of June 30, 2020 | 06/30/2020 | 06/30/2020 | Positive | Brazil eliminated the possibility to retire with partial pension benefits. Previously, the ages at which men and women could retire with partial pension benefits were unequal. |
Brunei Darussalam | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 1985 | Old Age and Disability Pensions Cap 18 | 01/01/1984 | 01/01/1984 | Positive | Brunei Darussalam explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Brunei Darussalam | East Asia & Pacific | Assets | 2001 | Islamic Family Law | 03/26/2001 | 03/26/2001 | Positive | Brunei Darussalam recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Brunei Darussalam | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2001 | Married Women Act | 07/07/1999 | 08/01/1999 | Positive | Brunei Darussalam enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Brunei Darussalam | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2011 | Employment Order, 2009 | 09/03/2009 | 09/03/2009 | Positive | Brunei Darussalam eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and at night in industrial undertakings. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 1988 | Labor Code | 03/24/1986 | 01/01/1987 | Positive | Bulgaria prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2002 | Labor Code | 03/16/2001 | 03/31/2001 | Positive | Bulgaria introduced paid parental leave. |
Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2002 | Labor Code | 03/16/2001 | 03/31/2001 | Positive | Bulgaria mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2005 | Protection Against Discrimination Act | 09/30/2003 | 01/01/2004 | Positive | Bulgaria made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2005 | Labor Code | 01/08/2004 | 01/08/2004 | Positive | Bulgaria prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2005 | Protection Against Discrimination Act | 09/30/2003 | 01/01/2004 | Positive | Bulgaria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2006 | Protection Against Domestic Violence Act | 03/29/2005 | 04/01/2005 | Positive | Bulgaria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2006 | Labor Code | 06/18/2004 | 08/01/2004 | Positive | Bulgaria lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2010 | Labor Code | 12/19/2008 | 01/01/2009 | Positive | Bulgaria introduced paid paternity leave. |
Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2012 | Labor Code | 06/08/2010 | 06/18/2010 | Negative | Bulgaria set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2017 | Decree RD-07-4 of 15 June 2015 | 06/15/2015 | 06/15/2015 | Positive | Bulgaria eliminated restrictions on women's employment in certain industries by limiting them to pregnant and nursing women. |
Bulgaria | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2017 | Social Insurance Code | 07/28/2015 | 01/01/2016 | Negative | Bulgaria set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Burkina Faso | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1991 | Zatu an VII 13 of 16 November 1989 on the establishment and implementation of a code of persons and the family in Burkina Faso | 11/16/1989 | 08/04/1990 | Positive | Burkina Faso granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Burkina Faso | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 1991 | Zatu an VII 13 of 16 November 1989 on the establishment and implementation of a code of persons and the family in Burkina Faso | 11/16/1989 | 08/04/1990 | Positive | Burkina Faso enacted a Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent. |
Burkina Faso | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 1991 | Zatu an VII 13 of 16 November 1989 on the establishment and implementation of a code of persons and the family in Burkina Faso | 11/16/1989 | 08/04/1990 | Positive | Burkina Faso allowed women to be head of household. |
Burkina Faso | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1991 | Zatu an VII 13 of 16 November 1989 on the establishment and implementation of a code of persons and the family in Burkina Faso | 11/16/1989 | 08/04/1990 | Positive | Burkina Faso allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Burkina Faso | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1994 | Law no. 11-92 Labour Code | 12/22/1992 | 01/07/1993 | Positive | Burkina Faso prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Burkina Faso | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 1994 | Law no. 11-92 Labour Code | 12/22/1992 | 01/07/1993 | Positive | Burkina Faso lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Burkina Faso | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1994 | Law no. 11-92 Labour Code | 12/22/1992 | 12/22/1992 | Positive | Burkina Faso prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Burkina Faso | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2006 | Law No. 033-2004 Labor Code of Burkina Faso | 09/14/2004 | 10/29/2004 | Positive | Burkina Faso enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Burkina Faso | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2019 | Law No. 025-2018/AN, containing the Penal Code | 05/31/2018 | 05/31/2018 | Positive | Burkina Faso made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Burkina Faso | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2020 | Law No. 025-2018/AN, containing the Penal Code | 05/31/2018 | 05/31/2018 | Positive | Burkina Faso enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Burundi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1973 | Ministerial Order No. 110/172 - Duration of Vacation Leave with Pay and Circumstantial Leave | 11/18/1971 | 11/18/1971 | Positive | Burundi introduced paid paternity leave. |
Burundi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 1994 | Decree-Law No. 1/024 - Reform of the Persons and Family Code | 04/28/1993 | 04/28/1993 | Positive | Burundi no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. Burundi allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
Burundi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 1994 | Decree-Law No. 1/024 - Reform of the Persons and Family Code | 04/28/1993 | 04/28/1993 | Positive | Burundi introduced a new Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Burundi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1994 | Decree-Law No. 1/024 - Reform of the Persons and Family Code | 04/28/1993 | 04/28/1993 | Positive | Burundi allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Burundi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1995 | Decree Law No 1/037 of July 7, 1993 on the revision of the Burundian Labor Code | 07/07/1993 | 07/07/1993 | Positive | Burundi prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Burundi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1995 | Decree-Law No. 1-037 of July 7, 1993. | 07/07/1993 | 07/07/1993 | Positive | Burundi prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Burundi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2010 | Law Num 1/05 of April 22, 2009 on the revision of the Penal Code | 04/22/2009 | 04/22/2009 | Positive | Burundi enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Burundi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2010 | Law Num 1/05 of April 22, 2009 on the revision of the Penal Code | 09/20/2008 | 04/22/2009 | Positive | Burundi enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Burundi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2022 | Law No. 1/11 of November 24, 2020 revising the Decree Law No. 1/037 of July 7, 1993 revising the Labor Code of Burundi | 11/24/2020 | 11/24/2020 | Positive | Burundi mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Cabo Verde | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1983 | Civil Code | 06/20/1981 | 06/20/1981 | Positive | Cabo Verde granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. |
Cabo Verde | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 1983 | Decree-Law 58-81 of June 20, 1981 | 06/20/1981 | 06/20/1981 | Positive | Cabo Verde amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent |
Cabo Verde | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 1983 | Decree-Law 58-81 of June 20, 1981 | 06/20/1981 | 06/20/1981 | Positive | Cabo Verde allowed women to be head of household. |
Cabo Verde | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 1983 | Decree-Law 58-81 of June 20, 1981 | 06/20/1981 | 06/20/1981 | Positive | Cabo Verde amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Cabo Verde | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1983 | Decree-Law 58-81 of June 20, 1981 | 06/20/1981 | 06/20/1981 | Positive | Cabo Verde allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Cabo Verde | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1984 | Decree-Law No. 50/2009 Amending Decree-Law 05/2004 | 12/24/1982 | 12/24/1982 | Positive | Cabo Verde introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Cabo Verde | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 1999 | Civil Code | 06/30/1997 | 06/30/1997 | Positive | Cabo Verde gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Cabo Verde | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2005 | Penal Code | 11/18/2003 | 07/01/2004 | Positive | Cabo Verde's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Cabo Verde | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2005 | Act No. 84/VII/2011 on Gender Based Violence | 11/18/2003 | 03/01/2004 | Positive | Cabo Verde enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Cabo Verde | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2005 | Decree-Law No. 5/2004 - Social Security | 02/16/2004 | 02/16/2004 | Positive | Cabo Verde explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Cabo Verde | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2005 | Penal Code | 07/21/2003 | 11/18/2003 | Positive | Cabo Verde enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Cabo Verde | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2009 | Legislative-Decree No. 5/2007 - Labor Code | 09/16/2007 | 04/16/2008 | Positive | Cabo Verde prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Cabo Verde | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2009 | Legislative-Decree No. 5/2007 - Labor Code | 10/16/2007 | 10/16/2007 | Positive | Cabo Verde prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Cambodia | East Asia & Pacific | Assets | 1991 | Civil Code of Cambodia | 07/17/1989 | 07/17/1989 | Positive | Cambodia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. |
Cambodia | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 1995 | Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia | 09/21/1993 | 09/21/1993 | Positive | Cambodia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Cambodia | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 1998 | Labor Law | 03/13/1997 | 03/13/1997 | Positive | Cambodia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Cambodia | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2007 | Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and the Protection of Victims | 10/24/2005 | 10/24/2005 | Positive | Cambodia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Cambodia | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 1998 | Labor Code 1997 | 03/13/1997 | 03/13/1997 | Positive | Cambodia lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Cambodia | East Asia & Pacific | Entrepreneurship | 2011 | Criminal Code | 11/30/2009 | 11/30/2009 | Positive | Cambodia's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Cambodia | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2011 | Criminal Code | 11/30/2009 | 11/30/2009 | Positive | Cambodia adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Cambodia | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 2022 | Sub-Degree No. 32 On The Social Security Scheme of Pension Money Section For The Persons Who Are Under the Provisions of Labor Law | 03/04/2021 | 03/04/2021 | Positive | Cambodia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Cameroon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1994 | Labor Code | 08/14/1992 | 08/14/1992 | Positive | Cameroon prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Cameroon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2018 | Law No. 2016/007 of 12 July 2016 on the Penal Code | 07/12/2016 | 07/12/2016 | Positive | Cameroon prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Canada | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1973 | Employment Insurance Act | 06/23/1971 | 06/27/1971 | Positive | Canada increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Canada | High income: OECD | Assets | 1976 | Family Law Act | 07/03/1975 | 07/03/1975 | Positive | Canada enacted the Family Law Reform Act, recognizing the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Canada | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 1978 | Canadian Human Rights Act | 08/10/1977 | 03/01/1978 | Positive | Canada introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Canada | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1979 | Family Law Act | 03/16/1978 | 03/31/1978 | Positive | Canada enacted the Family Reform Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Canada | High income: OECD | Pension | 1979 | Canada Pension Plan | 01/01/1983 | 01/01/1983 | Positive | Canada explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Canada | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1986 | Canada Labor Code | 06/07/1985 | 06/07/1985 | Positive | Canada prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Canada | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1986 | Canadian Human Rights Act | #N/A | #N/A | Positive | Canada enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Canada | High income: OECD | Pay | 1988 | Ontario Pay Equity Act Cap P7, 1990 | 01/01/1987 | 01/01/1988 | Positive | Canada mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Canada | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1991 | Family Law Act | #N/A | #N/A | Positive | Canada enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Canada | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1991 | Ontario Human Rights Code | #N/A | #N/A | Positive | Canada adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Canada | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1992 | Employment Insurance Act | 12/31/1990 | 12/31/1990 | Positive | Canada introduced paid parental leave. |
Canada | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2020 | Employment Insurance Act | 02/27/2018 | 03/17/2019 | Positive | Canada introduced a new parental leave sharing benefit that reserves 35 days of paid parental leave for the father. |
Central African Republic | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1977 | Collective Trade Agreement of the Central African Republic | 12/01/1975 | 12/01/1975 | Positive | The Central African Republic introduced paid paternity leave. |
Central African Republic | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1999 | Law No. 97-013 on the Family Code | 11/11/1997 | 11/11/1997 | Positive | Central African Republic granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Central African Republic | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 1999 | Law No. 97-013 on the Family Code | 11/11/1997 | 11/11/1997 | Positive | Central African Republic introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without the representation of her husband. |
Central African Republic | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 1999 | Law No. 10.001 of 6 January 2010 on the Central African Republic Penal Code\ | 11/11/1997 | 11/11/1997 | Positive | The Central African Republic gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Central African Republic | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1999 | Law No. 97-013 on the Family Code | 11/11/1997 | 11/11/1997 | Positive | The Central African Republic allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Central African Republic | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2008 | Law No. 06.032 of 27 December 2006 on the protection of women against violence in the Central African Republic | 12/27/2006 | 09/01/2007 | Positive | Central African Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Central African Republic | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2008 | Decree No. 09.116 establishing the modalities of application of Law No. 06.035 of 28 December 2006 on the Social Security Code of the Central African Republic | 12/28/2006 | 12/28/2006 | Positive | The Central African Republic equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Central African Republic | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2008 | Law No. 06.032 of 27 December 2006 on the protection of women against violence in the Central African Republic | 12/27/2006 | 09/01/2007 | Positive | The Central African Republic enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Central African Republic | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2010 | Act establishing the Labor Code of the Central African Republic | 01/29/2009 | 01/29/2009 | Positive | The Central African Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Chad | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1979 | Decree No. 99/P/CSM of 26 April 1978 on the organization of the pension insurance scheme | 04/26/1978 | 01/01/1978 | Positive | Chad introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Chad | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1998 | Act No. 038/PR/96 of 11 December 1996 on the Labor Code | 12/11/1996 | 12/11/1996 | Positive | Chad prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Chad | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 1998 | Act No. 038/PR/96 of 11 December 1996 on the Labor Code | 12/11/1996 | 12/11/1996 | Positive | Chad mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Chad | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1998 | Act No. 038/PR/96 of 11 December 1996 on the Labor Code | 12/11/1996 | 12/11/1996 | Positive | Chad prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Chad | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2018 | Law No. 001/PR/2017 of 8 May 2017 on the Penal Code | 05/08/2017 | 05/08/2017 | Positive | Chad enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Chad | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2018 | Law No. 001/PR/2017 of 8 May 2017 on the Penal Code | 05/08/2017 | 05/08/2017 | Positive | Chad enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Chile | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1974 | Law No. 17928 of 1973 amended the Labor Code | 04/12/1973 | 04/12/1973 | Positive | Chile increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Chile | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 1991 | Civil Code | 06/09/1989 | 06/09/1989 | Positive | Chile amended its Civil Code abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Chile | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1991 | Civil Code | 06/09/1989 | 06/09/1989 | Positive | Chile no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Chile | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1991 | Civil Code | 06/09/1989 | 06/09/1989 | Positive | Chile amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Chile | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1991 | Law No. 18802 amended Civil Code | 05/23/1989 | 06/09/1989 | Positive | Chile allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Chile | High income: OECD | Pay | 1995 | Law 19250 AMENDS BOOKS I, II AND V OF THE LABOR CODE, ARTICLE 2472 OF THE CIVIL CODE AND OTHER LEGAL TEXTS | 09/23/1993 | 12/01/1993 | Positive | Chile allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. |
Chile | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2003 | Law 19759 of 2001 | 09/27/2001 | 11/01/2001 | Positive | Chile prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Chile | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2006 | Law No. 20005 - Sexual Harassment | 03/08/2005 | 03/18/2005 | Positive | Chile enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Chile | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2007 | Law No. 20066 - Intrafamiliar Violence Law | 09/22/2005 | 10/07/2005 | Positive | Chile enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Chile | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2007 | Ordinance Nº 3846-104 of 2005 | 09/05/2005 | 09/05/2005 | Positive | Chile introduced paid paternity leave. |
Chile | High income: OECD | Pension | 2009 | Law No. 20255 - Social Security Reform | 03/11/2008 | 03/11/2008 | Positive | Chile explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Chile | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2013 | Law No. 20545 of 2011 | 10/17/2011 | 10/17/2011 | Positive | Chile introduced paid parental leave. |
Chile | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2021 | Law 21.264 of 2021 Eliminating the Waiting Period for Remarrying | 09/04/2020 | 09/04/2020 | Positive | Chile gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
China | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 1990 | Regulations on Labour Protection for Female Workers and Employees | 06/28/1998 | 09/01/1988 | Positive | China prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
China | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 1996 | Labor Law of the People's Republic of China (Consolidated) | 01/01/1995 | 01/01/1995 | Positive | China prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
China | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2003 | Measures of Shanghai Urban Maternity Insurance | 10/10/2001 | 11/01/2001 | Positive | China introduced a social security system that administers maternity benefits. |
China | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2005 | Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Population and Family Planning | 12/31/2003 | 04/15/2004 | Positive | China increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
China | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2007 | Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests of the People's Republic of China | 08/28/2005 | 12/01/2005 | Positive | China enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
China | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 2009 | Interim Measures of the State Council on Workers' Retirement and Resignation | 06/29/2007 | 01/01/2008 | Negative | China set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
China | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2013 | Special Provisions on the Labor Protection of Female Employees | 04/28/2012 | 04/28/2012 | Positive | China enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
China | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2023 | Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Population and Family Planning 2022 | 11/25/2021 | 11/25/2021 | Positive | China introduced paid parental leave. |
Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1976 | Law No. 84 Civil Code | 12/30/1974 | 02/06/1975 | Positive | Colombia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1976 | Law No. 84 Civil Code | 12/30/1974 | 02/06/1975 | Positive | Colombia reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1977 | Law No. 84 Civil Code | 01/19/1976 | 02/18/1976 | Positive | Colombia allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1998 | Law No. 294 of 1996 Prevention of intrafamiliar violence | 07/16/1996 | 07/22/1996 | Positive | Colombia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2002 | Law No. 84 Civil Code | 10/25/2000 | 10/25/2000 | Positive | Colombia gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2004 | Law No. 755 of July 23 of 2002 on Paternity Leave (Ley Maria) | 07/23/2002 | 07/23/2002 | Positive | Colombia introduced paid paternity leave. |
Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2007 | Law No. 1010 of 2006 on Sexual Harassment in Employment | 01/23/2006 | 01/23/2006 | Positive | Colombia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2013 | Labor Code | 06/30/2011 | 06/30/2011 | Positive | Colombia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2013 | Labor Code | 12/29/2011 | 12/29/2011 | Positive | Colombia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 2018 | Labor Code | 10/26/2016 | 10/26/2016 | Positive | Colombia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Colombia | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2022 | Law Num. 2114 of July 29, 2021 | 07/29/2021 | 07/29/2021 | Positive | Colombia introduced paid parental leave. |
Comoros | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1983 | Act No. 84-10 of 15 May 1984 Act on civil status | 02/18/1984 | 05/15/1984 | Positive | Comoros increased the duration of paid maternity leave to 14 weeks. |
Comoros | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1985 | Act No. 84-10 of 15 May 1984 Act on civil status | 02/18/1984 | 05/15/1984 | Positive | Comoros prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Comoros | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1985 | Act No. 84-108 on the Labor Code | 02/18/1984 | 02/18/1984 | Positive | Comoros prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Comoros | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2014 | Law No. 12 Repealing, Amending and Supplementing Certain Provisions of Law No. 84-108/pr on the Labor Code | 06/28/2012 | 06/28/2012 | Positive | Comoros mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Comoros | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2014 | Law No. 12 Repealing, Amending and Supplementing Certain Provisions of Law No. 84-108/pr on the Labor Code | 06/28/2012 | 09/06/2012 | Positive | Comoros enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Comoros | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2016 | Decree No. 15 - 058/PR promulgating Law No. 14-036/AU of 22 December 2014 on the prevention and repression of violence against women in the Union of the Comoros | 12/22/2014 | 05/02/2015 | Positive | Comoros enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Comoros | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2016 | Decree No. 14-176/PR | 12/05/2014 | 12/05/2014 | Positive | Comoros introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1989 | Act No. 87.010 of 1 August 1987 on the Family Code | 08/01/1987 | 08/01/1988 | Positive | The Democratic Republic of Congo equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 1989 | Act No. 87.010 of 1 August 1987 on the Family Code | 08/01/1987 | 08/01/1988 | Negative | The Democratic Republic of Congo introduced a new family law that obliges a married woman to obey her husband. |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2000 | Act No. 02-15 of 16 October 2002 on the Labor Code | 10/16/2002 | 10/25/2002 | Positive | The Democratic Republic of Congo increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2004 | Act No. 02-15 of 16 October 2002 on the Labor Code | 10/16/2002 | 10/25/2002 | Positive | The Democratic Republic of Congo prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2004 | Act No. 02-15 of 16 October 2002 on the Labor Code | 10/16/2002 | 10/25/2002 | Positive | The Democratic Republic of Congo lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2004 | Act No. 02-15 of 16 October 2002 on the Labor Code | 10/16/2002 | 10/25/2002 | Positive | The Democratic Republic of Congo enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2017 | Law No. 15/013 of 1 August 2015 on the Implementation of Women's Rights and Parity | 08/01/2015 | 08/01/2015 | Positive | The Democratic Republic of Congo introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2017 | Law No. 15/013 of 1 August 2015 on the Implementation of Women's Rights and Parity | 08/01/2015 | 08/01/2015 | Positive | The Democratic Republic of Congo prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2018 | Law No 16/008 Amending and Complementing Law No. 87-010 of August 1, 1987 on the Family Code | 07/15/2016 | 07/15/2016 | Positive | The Democratic Republic of Congo amended its Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2018 | Law No 16/008 Amending and Complementing Law No. 87-010 of August 1, 1987 on the Family Code | 07/15/2016 | 07/15/2016 | Positive | The Democratic Republic of Congo no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2018 | Law No 16/008 Amending and Complementing Law No. 87-010 of August 1, 1987 on the Family Code | 07/15/2016 | 07/15/2016 | Positive | The Democratic Republic of Congo reformed its Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2018 | Law No. 16-010 of July 15, 2016 amending and supplementing Law No. 15-2002 on the labor code | 07/15/2016 | 07/15/2016 | Positive | The Democratic Republic of Congo eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night. |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2018 | Law No 16/008 Amending and Complementing Law No. 87-010 of August 1, 1987 on the Family Code | 07/15/2016 | 07/15/2016 | Positive | The Democratic Republic of Congo allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2020 | Law No. 16-009 establishing the rules relating to the general social security scheme | 07/15/2016 | 07/15/2018 | Positive | The Democratic Republic of Congo introduced social insurance maternity benefits. Maternity leave is now paid by the government instead of the employer. |
Congo, Dem. Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2020 | Law No. 16-009 establishing the rules relating to the general social security scheme | 07/15/2016 | 07/15/2018 | Positive | The Democratic Republic of Congo equalized the retirement age (60 years) for women and men and established pension credits for periods of child care. |
Congo, Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 1986 | Law NO. 073/84 OF 17/10/1984 ON THE FAMILY CODE | 10/17/1984 | 10/17/1984 | Positive | Congo, Rep. introduced a Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent. |
Congo, Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1986 | Law NO. 073/84 OF 17/10/1984 ON THE FAMILY CODE | 10/17/1984 | 10/17/1984 | Positive | Congo, Rep. allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Congo, Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1987 | Act No. 004-86 of 25 February 1986 on the Social Security Code | 02/25/1986 | 02/25/1986 | Positive | Congo, Rep. explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Congo, Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2023 | Law No. 19-2022 on the fight against violence against women in the Republic of Congo | 05/04/2022 | 05/19/2022 | Positive | The Republic of Congo enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Congo, Rep. | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2023 | Law No. 19-2022 on the fight against violence against women in the Republic of Congo | 05/04/2022 | 05/19/2022 | Positive | The Republic of Congo enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment, including criminal penalties for such conduct. |
Costa Rica | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1975 | Family Code | 12/21/1973 | 08/05/1974 | Positive | Costa Rica introduced divorce by mutual consent. The process is equal for women and men. Also, it no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Costa Rica | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1975 | Family Code | 12/21/1973 | 08/05/1974 | Positive | Costa Rica allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men. |
Costa Rica | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1987 | Law No. 2/1943 Labor Code | 04/23/1986 | 04/23/1986 | Positive | Costa Rica increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Costa Rica | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1996 | Law No. 2/1943 Labor Code | 04/19/1995 | 04/19/1995 | Positive | Costa Rica explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Costa Rica | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1996 | Law No. 7476/1995 - Law against Sexual Harassment in Employment and Education | 03/02/1995 | 03/03/1995 | Positive | Costa Rica enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Costa Rica | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1997 | Law No. 7586/1996 - Domestic Violence | 04/10/1996 | 05/02/1996 | Positive | Costa Rica enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Costa Rica | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2009 | Family Code | 02/14/2008 | 02/14/2008 | Positive | The Supreme Court of Costa Rica annulled a waiting period for women before remarriage. |
Costa Rica | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 2020 | REFORM OF Law No. 7142, Law FOR THE PROMOTION OF SOCIAL EQUALITY FOR WOMEN, OF MARCH 8, 1990 | 03/26/2019 | 03/26/2019 | Positive | Costa Rica mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Costa Rica | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 2021 | Law No. 2/1943 Labor Code | 10/01/2019 | 10/29/2019 | Positive | Costa Rica lifted the ban on women's night work. |
Costa Rica | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2023 | Law to combat labor discrimination against women in maternity condition | 05/05/2022 | 05/05/2022 | Positive | Costa Rica introduced paid paternity leave. |
Costa Rica | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 2023 | Freedom of Employment Choice of Women | 03/07/2022 | 03/07/2022 | Positive | Costa Rica removed restrictions on women's employment in jobs deemed dangerous. |
Côte d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 1985 | Law No. 83-1983 amended Marriage Law of 1964 | 08/02/1983 | 08/02/1983 | Positive | Côte d'Ivoire amended its Marriage Law allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent. |
Côte d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1996 | Law No. 95-15 of January 12, 1995 Establishing the Labor Code | 01/12/1995 | 01/12/1995 | Positive | Côte d'Ivoire prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
Côte d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 1996 | Law No. 95-15 of January 12, 1995 Establishing the Labor Code | 01/12/1995 | 01/12/1995 | Positive | Côte d'Ivoire mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Côte d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1996 | Law No. 95-15 of January 12, 1995 Establishing the Labor Code | 01/12/1995 | 01/12/1995 | Positive | Côte d'Ivoire prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Côte d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2000 | Law No. 81-640 Of July 31, 1981 Establishing the Penal Code | 12/23/1998 | 12/23/1998 | Positive | Côte d'Ivoire enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Côte d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2014 | Law No. 2013 of January 25, 2013 Repealing Article 53 and Modifying Articles 58, 59, 60 and 67 of Law No. 64-64-375 of October 7, 1964 relating to Marriage as Amended by Law No. 83-800 | 01/25/2013 | 01/25/2013 | Positive | Côte d'Ivoire allowed women to be head of household. |
Côte d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2014 | Interministerial Order No. 022/MEMIS/MEMAE/MPMEF of January 14, 2013, amending Article 4 of Order No. 165/MI/MEF of May 15, 2008 setting, for applications made in Cote d'Ivoire, the conditions for the establishment and issuance of the ordinary national passport | 01/14/2013 | 01/14/2013 | Positive | Côte d'Ivoire allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men. It also allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men. |
Côte d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2014 | Law No. 2013 of January 25, 2013 Repealing Article 53 and Modifying Articles 58, 59, 60 and 67 of Law No. 64-64-375 of October 7, 1964 relating to Marriage as Amended by Law No. 83-800 | 01/25/2013 | 01/25/2013 | Positive | Côte d'Ivoire allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Côte d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2019 | Decree No. 2018-272 of 7 March 2018 on work forbidden to women and pregnant women | 03/07/2018 | 03/07/2018 | Negative | Ivory Coast introduced restrictions for women's employment in certain industries, including mining. |
Côte d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2020 | Law No. 2019-570 of 26 June 2019 relating to marriage | 06/26/2019 | 06/26/2019 | Positive | Côte d’Ivoire granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Côte d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2023 | Law No. 2021-893 of 21 December 2021 modifying the Penal Code | 12/21/2021 | 01/13/2022 | Positive | Côte d'Ivoire prohibited gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Côte d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2023 | Law on measures for the protection of victims of domestic violence, rape and sexual violence other forms of violence | 12/21/2021 | 12/21/2022 | Positive | Côte d'Ivoire enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Côte d'Ivoire | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2023 | Decree No. 2021-919 of 22 December 2021 concerning the protection of pregnant women in employment | 12/22/2021 | 01/24/2022 | Positive | Côte d'Ivoire eliminated all restrictions on women’s employment. Women can now work in industrial jobs and in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Croatia | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1991 | Law on Labor Relations of 27 April 1990 | 04/27/1990 | 04/27/1990 | Positive | Croatia equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Croatia | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 1996 | Labor Law | 05/17/1995 | 01/01/1996 | Positive | Croatia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Croatia | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 1996 | Labor Act (No. 758/95) | 05/17/1995 | 01/01/1996 | Positive | Croatia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Croatia | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2005 | Law on Protection Against Domestic Violence | 07/18/2003 | 07/30/2003 | Positive | Croatia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Croatia | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2005 | Law No. 114/03 on Amendments to the Labor Law | 07/14/2003 | 07/16/2003 | Positive | Croatia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Croatia | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2009 | Law on Gender Equality | 07/09/2008 | 07/15/2008 | Positive | Croatia's Anti-Discrimination Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Croatia | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2010 | Law on Maternal and Parental Benefits | 07/15/2008 | 01/01/2009 | Positive | Croatia introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave. |
Croatia | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2011 | Labor Law | 12/04/2009 | 01/01/2010 | Positive | Croatia eliminated restrictions on women's employment in certain industries, including the mining and water industries. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Cyprus | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1974 | Social Insurance Law 2010 (59(I)/2010) | 12/29/1972 | 12/29/1972 | Positive | Cyprus explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Cyprus | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1988 | Maternity Protection Law 1997 (100(I)/1997) | 04/10/1987 | 05/27/1988 | Positive | Cyprus prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Cyprus | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1989 | Maternity Protection Law 1997 (100(I)/1997) | 05/27/1988 | 05/27/1988 | Positive | Cyprus increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Cyprus | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 1991 | Equal Pay between Men and Women for the Same Work or Work of Equal Value Law 2002 (177(I)/2002) | 05/05/1989 | 05/05/1992 | Positive | Cyprus mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Cyprus | Europe & Central Asia | Assets | 1992 | Law Regulating Property Relations of Spouses 1991 (232/1991) | 06/13/1905 | 06/13/1905 | Positive | Cyprus recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Cyprus | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 1996 | Violence in the Family (Prevention and Protection of Victims) Law of 1994 (47(I)/1994) | 06/17/1994 | #N/A | Positive | Cyprus enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Cyprus | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2004 | Equal Treatment of Men and Women in Employment and Vocational Training Law 2002 (205(I)/2002) | 12/06/2002 | 05/01/2004 | Positive | Cyprus prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Cyprus | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2009 | Equal Treatment of Men and Women (Access to Goods and Services) Act 2008 (18(I)/2008) | 05/02/2008 | 05/02/2008 | Positive | Cyprus introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Cyprus | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2019 | Protection of the Paternity Law 2017 (117(I)/2017) | 07/24/2017 | 08/01/2017 | Positive | Cyprus introduced 10 days of paid paternity leave. |
Cyprus | Europe & Central Asia | Mobility | 2022 | Passport application form; Passport application procedures | 10/26/2020 | 10/26/2020 | Positive | Cyprus allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men. |
Czechia | High income: OECD | Pay | 1981 | Labor Code | 12/31/1980 | 12/31/1980 | Positive | Czechia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Czechia | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1992 | Labor Code | 09/18/1990 | 10/01/1990 | Positive | Czechia introduced paid parental leave. |
Czechia | High income: OECD | Pay | 1996 | Labor Code | 05/31/1994 | 06/01/1994 | Positive | Czechia lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Czechia | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2007 | Domestic Violence Act | 04/14/2006 | 01/01/2007 | Positive | Czechia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Czechia | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2008 | Labor Code | 06/07/2006 | 01/01/2007 | Positive | Czechia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Czechia | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2009 | Anti-Discrimination Act | 04/23/2008 | 04/23/2008 | Positive | Czechia's Anti-Discrimination Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Czechia | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2010 | Anti-Discrimination Act | 06/29/2009 | 09/01/2009 | Positive | Czechia enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Czechia | High income: OECD | Pay | 2013 | The Act Establishing the Conditions for the Protection of Health at Work | 03/26/2012 | 04/01/2012 | Positive | Czechia eliminated restrictions on women's employment in manufacturing. |
Czechia | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2019 | Penal Code | 05/01/2016 | 02/01/2018 | Positive | Czechia introduced five days of paid paternity leave. |
Czechia | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2007 | Labor Code | 06/07/2006 | 01/01/2007 | Positive | Czechia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Denmark | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1971 | Act on Marriage and Dissolution | 06/04/1969 | 06/04/1969 | Positive | Denmark gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Denmark | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1986 | Act on Equal treatment of men and women in employment and maternity leave, sickness or maternity benefits; Act on Law on Childcare leave | 07/01/1984 | 07/01/1984 | Positive | Denmark introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave. |
Denmark | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1990 | Act on Equal Treatment of Men and Women in Employment | 04/19/1989 | 05/01/1989 | Positive | Denmark prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Denmark | High income: OECD | Pension | 1993 | Labor Market Supplementary Pension Act of 10 October 2014 | 05/20/1992 | 05/20/1992 | Positive | Denmark explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Denmark | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1999 | Act No. 213 of 1998, Act on Equal Treatment of Men and Women as regards Access to Employment and Maternity Leave | 04/03/1998 | 04/03/1998 | Positive | Denmark prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Denmark | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2001 | Act No. 388 of 2000 on Equality Between Women and Men | 05/30/2000 | 06/01/2000 | Positive | Denmark enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Denmark | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2009 | Act on Equality Between Women and Men | 09/19/2007 | 09/19/2007 | Positive | Denmark introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Denmark | High income: OECD | Pay | 2009 | Act on Equal Pay for Men and Women | 09/05/2008 | 09/05/2008 | Positive | Denmark mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Denmark | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2013 | Criminal Code | 02/03/2012 | 03/01/2012 | Positive | Denmark enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Djibouti | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 1991 | Law No. 154/AN/02/4th L codifying the functioning of the OPS and the general pension scheme for salaried workers | 06/19/1989 | 06/19/1989 | Positive | Djibouti introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Djibouti | Middle East & North Africa | Entrepreneurship | 1996 | Penal Code | 01/05/1995 | 01/05/1995 | Positive | Djibouti's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Djibouti | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2006 | Labor Code | 01/28/2006 | 01/28/2006 | Positive | Djibouti prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Djibouti | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 2007 | Labor Code | 01/28/2006 | 01/28/2006 | Positive | Djibouti mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Djibouti | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 2010 | Law No. 17/AN/08/6th L modifying the retirement age | 10/11/2008 | 10/11/2008 | Positive | Djibouti equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
Djibouti | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2019 | Law No. 66/AN/719/8th L on the Protection, Prevention and Care of Women and Children Victims of Violence | 04/12/2018 | 04/12/2018 | Positive | Djibouti enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Djibouti | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2020 | Law No. 221/AN/17/8th L amending and supplementing Law No. 133/AN/05/5th L of 28 January 2006 establishing the Labor Code | 06/25/2018 | 06/25/2018 | Positive | Djibouti enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Dominica | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1974 | The Matrimonial Causes Act of 1973 | 05/23/1973 | 01/01/1974 | Positive | Dominica recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Dominica | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1974 | The Matrimonial Causes Act of 1973 | 05/23/1973 | 01/01/1974 | Positive | Dominica allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
Dominica | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1975 | The Domicile and Matrimonial Proceedings Act of 1973 | 07/25/1973 | 01/01/1974 | Positive | Dominica allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men. |
Dominica | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1977 | Social Security (Benefit) Regulations | 01/29/1976 | 01/29/1976 | Positive | Dominica introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Dominica | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2003 | Protection against Domestic Violence Act No. 22 of 2001 | 01/29/2002 | 01/31/2002 | Positive | Dominica enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 1980 | Law No. 855 of 1977 amended the Labor Code | 07/22/1978 | 07/22/1978 | Positive | Dominican Republic amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1980 | Law No. 855 of 1977 amended the Labor Code | 07/22/1978 | 07/22/1978 | Positive | Dominican Republic no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1980 | Law No. 855 of 1977 amended the Labor Code | 07/22/1978 | 07/22/1978 | Positive | Dominican Republic reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1980 | Law No. 855 of 1977 amended the Labor Code | 07/22/1978 | #N/A | Positive | The Dominican Republic allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1993 | Law No. 16-92 Labor Code | 05/29/1992 | 05/29/1992 | Positive | The Dominican Republic introduced paid paternity leave. |
Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 1993 | Law No. 16-92 Labor Code | 05/29/1992 | 05/29/1992 | Positive | The Dominican Republic lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1993 | Law No. 16-92 Labor Code | 05/29/1992 | 05/31/1992 | Positive | The Dominican Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1998 | Law No. 24-97 on Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence | 01/27/1997 | 01/28/1997 | Positive | Dominican Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1998 | Law No. 24-97 on Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence | 01/27/1997 | 01/28/1997 | Positive | The Dominican Republic adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 2003 | Law No. 189-01 (Amendment to Civil Code on Marital Regime) | 11/22/2001 | 11/22/2001 | Positive | The Dominican Republic granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 2016 | Regulations on the Protection of Users of Financial Products and Services | 02/05/2015 | 04/20/2015 | Positive | Dominican Republic's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2016 | Case TC/0070/15 | 04/16/2015 | 04/16/2015 | Positive | The Dominican Republic gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Dominican Republic | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2018 | Law No. 16-92 Labor Code | 07/09/2014 | 02/09/2017 | Positive | The Dominican Republic increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1972 | Civil Code | 11/20/1970 | 11/20/1970 | Positive | Ecuador removed provisions designating the husband as administrator of property, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 1972 | Civil Code | 11/20/1970 | 11/20/1970 | Positive | Ecuador amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1972 | Civil Code of 1970 | 11/20/1970 | #N/A | Positive | Ecuador allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1990 | Social Security Law | 09/08/1988 | 09/08/1988 | Positive | Ecuador introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1991 | Civil Code | 08/18/1989 | 08/18/1989 | Positive | Ecuador no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1991 | Civil Code | 08/18/1989 | 08/18/1989 | Positive | Ecuador reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1997 | Law No. 103 of 1995 on Violence against Women and the Family | 12/11/1995 | 12/11/1995 | Positive | Ecuador enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 2000 | Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador | 06/05/1998 | 06/05/1998 | Positive | Ecuador mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2000 | Penal Code of 1971 | 07/21/1998 | 07/21/1998 | Positive | Ecuador enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 2003 | Social Security Law | 11/30/2001 | 11/30/2001 | Positive | Ecuador explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2007 | Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador | 12/16/2005 | 01/01/2006 | Positive | Ecuador introduced paid paternity leave. |
Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2010 | Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador | 09/28/2008 | 10/20/2008 | Positive | Ecuador prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Ecuador | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2017 | Civil Code | 06/16/2015 | 06/19/2015 | Positive | Ecuador amended its Civil Code to allow women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. A waiting period for women of 300 days before remarriage was also abolished. |
Egypt, Arab Rep. | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 1987 | Egypt's Personal Status Law No. 100 of 1985 | 07/03/1985 | 05/16/1985 | Negative | Egypt, Arab Rep. introduced a new personal status law that obliges a married woman to obey her husband. |
Egypt, Arab Rep. | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2004 | Labor Law No. 12 of 2003 | 04/07/2003 | 04/07/2003 | Positive | Egypt, Arab Rep. prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Egypt, Arab Rep. | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 1997 | Law No. 12 of 1996 Promulgating the Child Law Amended by Law No. 126 of 2008 | 03/25/1996 | 03/25/1996 | Positive | Egypt, Arab Rep. explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Egypt, Arab Rep. | Middle East & North Africa | Mobility | 2002 | Egypt’s Supreme Constitutional Court’s Decision No. 243 for Judicial Year No. 21 | 11/04/2000 | 11/04/2000 | Positive | Egypt, Arab Rep.'s Constitutional Court Decision removed restriction for a married woman to travel abroad without her husband's permission. |
Egypt, Arab Rep. | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2004 | Labor Law No. 12 of 2003 | 04/07/2003 | 04/07/2003 | Positive | Egypt, Arab Rep. prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Egypt, Arab Rep. | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2016 | Law No. 50 of 2014 amending Some Provisions of the Penal Code Promulgated by Law No. 58 of 1937 | 06/05/2014 | 06/06/2014 | Positive | Egypt, Arab Rep. enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Egypt, Arab Rep. | Middle East & North Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2022 | The Central Bank of Egypt’s Circular of April 22, 2021 | 04/22/2021 | 04/22/2021 | Positive | Egypt, Arab Rep. made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Egypt, Arab Rep. | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2022 | Prime Minister's Decision No. 827 of 2021 to Establish Units of Violence against Women | 04/18/2021 | 04/18/2021 | Positive | Egypt, Arab Rep. enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
El Salvador | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1995 | Family Code | 10/11/1993 | 10/01/1994 | Positive | El Salvador recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
El Salvador | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1995 | Family Code | 10/11/1993 | 10/01/1994 | Positive | El Salvador no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. El Salvador allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
El Salvador | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1995 | Family Code | 10/11/1993 | 10/01/1994 | Positive | El Salvador introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
El Salvador | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1995 | Labor Code | 04/29/1994 | 05/20/1994 | Positive | El Salvador prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
El Salvador | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1998 | Domestic Violence Act | 12/20/1996 | 12/28/1996 | Positive | El Salvador enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
El Salvador | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1998 | Pension Savings System Act | 12/20/1996 | 12/28/1996 | Positive | El Salvador explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
El Salvador | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1998 | Penal Code | 04/26/1997 | 06/10/1997 | Positive | El Salvador enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
El Salvador | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 2007 | Decree No. 776 Law on Consumer Protection | 08/18/2005 | 10/08/2005 | Positive | El Salvador enacted a new Consumer Protection Law that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
El Salvador | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2009 | Social Security Act | 12/20/2007 | 01/01/2008 | Positive | El Salvador began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
El Salvador | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2014 | Decree Num. 376 that reforms the Labor Code | 05/28/2013 | 06/08/2013 | Positive | El Salvador introduced paid paternity leave. |
El Salvador | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2017 | Labor Code | 10/23/2015 | 02/23/2016 | Positive | El Salvador increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Equatorial Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1985 | Decree No. 100/1990 of 28 September 1990 approving the regulations of the general social security scheme | 03/10/1984 | 03/10/1984 | Positive | Equatorial Guinea began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
Equatorial Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1985 | Decree No. 100/1990 of 28 September 1990 approving the regulations of the general social security scheme | 03/10/1984 | 03/10/1984 | Positive | Equatorial Guinea introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Equatorial Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1991 | Law No. 10/2.012, dated 24 December, on the Reform of the General Labor Law | 01/04/1990 | 03/04/1990 | Positive | Equatorial Guinea prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Equatorial Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1991 | Law No. 2/1990, dated January 4, on General Labor Regulations | 01/04/1990 | 01/11/2003 | Positive | Equatorial Guinea prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Equatorial Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2014 | Law No. 10/2.012, dated 24 December, on the Reform of the General Labor Law | 12/24/2012 | 03/27/2012 | Positive | Equatorial Guinea introduced paid paternity leave. |
Equatorial Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2014 | Law No. 10/2.012, dated 24 December, on the Reform of the General Labor Law | 12/24/2012 | 03/27/2012 | Positive | Equatorial Guinea mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Eritrea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1993 | Transitional Civil Code of Eritrea of 1991 | 09/15/1991 | 09/15/1991 | Positive | Eritrea granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Eritrea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 1993 | Transitional Civil Code of Eritrea of 1991 | 09/15/1991 | 09/15/1991 | Positive | Eritrea allowed women to be head of household. Eritrea no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Eritrea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 1993 | Transitional Civil Code of Eritrea of 1991 | 09/15/1991 | 09/15/1991 | Positive | Eritrea introduced the Transitional Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Eritrea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1994 | Labor Proclamation of Eritrea | 01/20/1993 | 01/20/1993 | Positive | Eritrea prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Eritrea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 1994 | Labour Proclamation No. 42/1993 | 01/20/1993 | 01/20/1993 | Negative | Eritrea prohibited women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Eritrea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2003 | Labor Proclamation of Eritrea | 11/15/2001 | 11/15/2001 | Positive | Eritrea allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men and lifted restrictions on women's employment in industrial jobs. |
Eritrea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1994 | Labor Proclamation of Eritrea | 01/20/1993 | 01/20/1993 | Positive | Eritrea prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Estonia | High income: OECD | Pension | 1972 | The Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of July 15, 1970 on the Approval of the Fundamentals of Labour Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics | 07/15/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Negative | Estonia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Estonia | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1972 | The Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of July 15, 1970 on the Approval of the Fundamentals of Labour Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics | 07/15/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Positive | Estonia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Estonia | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1993 | Employment Contracts Act of 15 April 1992 | 04/15/1992 | 07/03/1992 | Positive | Estonia introduced paid parental leave. |
Estonia | High income: OECD | Pay | 1993 | Employment Contracts Act of 15 April 1992 | 04/15/1992 | 07/03/1992 | Positive | Estonia lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Estonia | High income: OECD | Pension | 1993 | Employment Contracts Act of 15 April 1992 | 04/15/1992 | 07/03/1992 | Positive | Estonia no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. |
Estonia | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2003 | Employment Contracts Act | 04/04/2001 | 01/01/2002 | Positive | Estonia introduced paid paternity leave. |
Estonia | High income: OECD | Pension | 2003 | State Pension Insurance Act | 01/29/2003 | 03/10/2003 | Positive | Estonia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Estonia | High income: OECD | Pay | 2005 | Gender Equality Act | 04/07/2004 | 05/01/2004 | Positive | Estonia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Estonia | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2005 | Gender Equality Act | 04/07/2004 | 05/01/2004 | Positive | Estonia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Estonia | High income: OECD | Pay | 2010 | Employment Contracts Act | 12/12/2008 | 07/01/2009 | Positive | Estonia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. |
Estonia | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2011 | Gender Equality Act | 09/24/2009 | 09/24/2009 | Positive | Estonia's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Estonia | High income: OECD | Pension | 2017 | State Pension Insurance Act | 12/05/2001 | 01/01/2017 | Positive | Estonia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Eswatini | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1975 | Swaziland National Provident Fund Order 1974. No. 23. | 08/30/1974 | 02/01/1975 | Positive | Eswatini introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Eswatini | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1982 | Employment Act, 1980. | 09/26/1980 | 01/01/1981 | Positive | Eswatini prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Eswatini | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1982 | Employment Act, 1980. | 09/26/1980 | 09/26/1980 | Positive | Eswatini prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Eswatini | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2013 | Deeds Registry (Amendment) Act | 06/14/2012 | 07/02/2012 | Positive | Eswatini granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Eswatini | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2020 | Sexual Offences and Domestic Violence Act, 2018 | 06/28/2018 | 07/16/2018 | Positive | Eswatini enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Ethiopia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1994 | Labour Proclamation No. 42/1993 | 01/20/1993 | 01/20/1993 | Positive | Ethiopia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Ethiopia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 1994 | Labour Proclamation No. 42/1993 | 01/20/1993 | 01/20/1993 | Negative | Ethiopia prohibited women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Ethiopia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1994 | Labour Proclamation No. 42/1993 | 01/20/1993 | 01/20/1993 | Positive | Ethiopia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Ethiopia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2002 | Revised Family Code Proclamation of 2000 | 07/04/2000 | 07/04/2000 | Positive | Ethiopia's revised Family Code granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Ethiopia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2002 | Revised Family Code Proclamation of 2000 | 07/04/2000 | 07/04/2000 | Positive | Ethiopia allowed women to be head of household. Ethiopia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Ethiopia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2002 | Revised Family Code Proclamation of 2000 | 07/04/2000 | 07/04/2000 | Positive | Ethiopia introduced the Revised Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Ethiopia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2006 | Criminal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia | 05/09/2005 | 05/09/2005 | Positive | Ethiopia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Ethiopia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2013 | Private Organization Employees Pension Proclamation No. 715/2011 | 06/24/2011 | 06/24/2011 | Positive | Ethiopia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Ethiopia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2021 | Labour Proclamation No.1156/2019 | 09/05/2019 | 09/05/2019 | Positive | Ethiopia increased paid maternity leave from 90 to 120 days and introduced 3 days of paid paternity leave. |
Fiji | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2000 | Human Rights Commission Act 1999 | 03/09/1999 | 03/09/1999 | Positive | Fiji enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Fiji | East Asia & Pacific | Assets | 2005 | Family Law Act 2003 | 11/01/2005 | 11/01/2005 | Positive | Fiji recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Fiji | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2009 | Employment Relations Promulgation 2007 | 10/02/2007 | 10/02/2007 | Positive | Fiji prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Fiji | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2009 | Employment Relations Promulgation 2007 | 10/02/2007 | 10/02/2007 | Positive | Fiji lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Fiji | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2009 | Employment Relations Promulgation 2007 | 10/02/2007 | 10/02/2007 | Positive | Fiji prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Fiji | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2011 | Domestic Violence Act 2009 | 08/14/2009 | 12/01/2009 | Positive | Fiji enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Fiji | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2020 | Employment Relations (Budget Amendment) Act 2018 | 07/13/2018 | 01/01/2019 | Positive | Fiji introduced five days of paid paternity leave. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave from 84 to 98 days. |
Fiji | East Asia & Pacific | Mobility | 2021 | Travel Documents Regulations 2019 | 09/18/2019 | 09/18/2019 | Positive | Fiji allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men. |
Finland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1976 | Health Insurance Act 2004 | 07/01/1974 | 07/01/1974 | Positive | Finland increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Finland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1979 | Law No. 72-1143 of December 22, 1972 on equal pay for men and women | 03/01/1978 | 03/01/1978 | Positive | Finland introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave. |
Finland | High income: OECD | Pay | 1987 | Act on Equality between Men and Women | 08/08/1986 | 01/01/1987 | Positive | Finland mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Finland | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1988 | Act on Equality between Men and Women | 08/08/1986 | 06/01/1988 | Positive | Finland prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Finland | High income: OECD | Pay | 1990 | Law 1351/1988 on Amending the Working Time Act | 12/29/1988 | 01/01/1989 | Positive | Finland lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Finland | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2000 | Act on Restraining Orders | 12/04/1998 | 01/01/1999 | Positive | Finland enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Finland | High income: OECD | Pension | 2005 | Employee Pensions Act 2006 | 06/27/2003 | 01/01/2005 | Positive | Finland explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Finland | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2006 | Act on Equality between Men and Women | 04/14/2005 | 06/01/2005 | Positive | Finland enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Finland | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2010 | Act on Equality between Men and Women | 12/19/2008 | 12/19/2008 | Positive | Finland' new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
France | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1972 | Civil Code | 06/04/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Positive | France allowed women to be head of household. |
France | High income: OECD | Pay | 1974 | Law No. 72-1143 of December 22, 1972 on equal pay for men and women | 12/22/1972 | 12/22/1972 | Positive | France mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
France | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1977 | Civil Code | 07/11/1975 | 01/01/1976 | Positive | France reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
France | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1984 | Law No. 82-689 of August 4, 1982 relating to the freedoms of workers in the company | 08/04/1982 | 08/04/1982 | Positive | France prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
France | High income: OECD | Assets | 1987 | Civil Code | 12/23/1985 | 07/01/1986 | Positive | France granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
France | High income: OECD | Pension | 1987 | Social Security Code | 12/30/1986 | 12/31/1986 | Positive | France explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
France | High income: OECD | Pay | 1989 | Labor Code | 06/19/1987 | 06/20/1987 | Positive | France lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
France | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 1994 | Penal Code | 07/22/1992 | 03/01/1994 | Positive | France's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
France | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1994 | Penal Code; Labour Code | 07/07/1992 | 07/23/1992 | Positive | France enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
France | High income: OECD | Pay | 2002 | Labor Code | 05/09/2001 | 05/09/2001 | Positive | France eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night. |
France | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2005 | Civil Code | 05/26/2004 | 01/01/2005 | Positive | France gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
France | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2007 | Act No. 2010-769 of 9 July 2010 on violence specifically against women, violence within couples and its impact on children | 04/04/2006 | 04/05/2006 | Positive | France enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
France | High income: OECD | Pay | 2008 | Labor Code | 03/12/2007 | 03/01/2008 | Positive | France allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
France | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2016 | Labor Code | 08/09/2016 | 08/10/2016 | Positive | France introduced paid parental leave. |
Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1985 | Collective Agreement of the Trade Sector in Gabon | 06/08/1983 | 06/08/1983 | Positive | Gabon introduced paid paternity leave. |
Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1996 | Act No. 3/94 of 21 November 1994 on the Labor Code | 11/21/1994 | 01/01/1995 | Positive | Gabon prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1996 | Act No. 3/94 of 21 November 1994 on the Labor Code | 11/21/1994 | 11/21/1994 | Positive | Gabon prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2018 | Law No. 10/2016 of September 5, 2016 to Combat Sexual Harassment in the Workplace | 09/05/2016 | 09/05/2016 | Positive | Gabon enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2022 | Law N° 004/2021 of September 15, 2021 modifying certain provisions of Law N° 15/72 of July 29, 1972 on the Civil Code | 09/15/2021 | 09/16/2021 | Positive | Gabon granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2022 | Law N° 004/2021 of September 15, 2021 modifying certain provisions of Law N° 15/72 of July 29, 1972 on the Civil Code | 09/15/2021 | 09/16/2021 | Positive | Gabon allowed women to open a bank account in the same way as men and made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2022 | Law N° 004/2021 of September 15, 2021 modifying certain provisions of Law N° 15/72 of July 29, 1972 on the Civil Code | 09/06/2021 | 09/16/2021 | Positive | Gabon no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband and allows women to be head of household in the same way as men. Gabon also enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2022 | Law N° 004/2021 of September 15, 2021 modifying certain provisions of Law N° 15/72 of July 29, 1972 on the Civil Code | 09/15/2021 | 09/16/2021 | Positive | Gabon allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men. |
Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2022 | Law N° 004/2021 of September 15, 2021 modifying certain provisions of Law N° 15/72 of July 29, 1972 on the Civil Code | 09/15/2021 | 09/16/2021 | Positive | Gabon allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2023 | Courier N°00762/MI/CAB-ME addressed to the Director General of Documentation and Immigration concerning the documents required for the issuance of a passport | 10/15/2021 | 10/15/2021 | Positive | Gabon enacted legislation allowing women to apply for a passport in the same way as men. |
Gabon | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2023 | Law n°022/2021 of November 19, 2021 on the Code of Work in the Gabonese Republic | 11/19/2021 | 11/23/2021 | Positive | Gabon mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated all restrictions on women’s employment. Women can now work in industrial jobs and in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Gambia, The | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1979 | Social Security Corporation Act, 2010 | 01/01/1978 | 01/01/1978 | Positive | The Gambia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Gambia, The | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 1988 | Matrimonial Causes Act of 1986 | 09/08/1986 | 09/08/1986 | Positive | The Gambia introduced the Matrimonial Causes Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Gambia, The | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2009 | Labor Act, 2007 | 10/17/2007 | 01/21/2008 | Positive | The Gambia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Gambia, The | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2012 | Women's Act, 2010 | 05/28/2010 | 05/28/2010 | Positive | The Gambia's Woman's Act recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Gambia, The | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2012 | Women's Act, 2010 | 04/13/2010 | 05/28/2010 | Positive | The Gambia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Gambia, The | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2012 | Women's Act, 2010 | 05/28/2010 | 05/28/2010 | Positive | The Gambia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Gambia, The | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2015 | Domestic Violence Act, 2013 | 12/17/2013 | 12/30/2017 | Positive | The Gambia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1972 | Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor | 07/15/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Positive | Georgia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1972 | Labor Code of Georgia | 07/15/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Negative | Georgia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1975 | Labor Code of Georgia | 07/30/1971 | 10/01/1973 | Positive | Georgia no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. |
Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 1973 | Labor Code of Georgia | 07/30/1971 | 10/01/1973 | Positive | Georgia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1990 | Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor | 02/04/1988 | 02/04/1988 | Negative | Georgia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1994 | The Law of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia on the Approval of the Code of Labor Laws of the SSR of Georgia | 08/13/1992 | 08/13/1992 | Positive | Georgia no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. |
Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2005 | Law on Compulsory Insurance Pensions | 07/15/2003 | 01/01/2004 | Positive | Georgia no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2007 | Law of Georgia on Elimination of Domestic Violence, Protection and Support of Victims of Domestic Violence | 05/25/2006 | 06/09/2006 | Positive | Georgia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2011 | Law on Gender Equality | 03/26/2010 | 04/12/2010 | Positive | Georgia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2007 | Labor Code of Georgia | 05/26/2006 | 06/10/2006 | Positive | Georgia eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night and allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2020 | Law on Gender Equality | 02/19/2019 | 02/19/2019 | Positive | Georgia made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in access to financial services. |
Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2020 | Labor Code of Georgia | 05/03/2019 | #N/A | Positive | Georgia enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Georgia | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2022 | Labor Code of Georgia | 09/29/2020 | 10/05/2020 | Positive | Georgia introduced paid parental leave. |
Germany | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1978 | First Marriage and Family Law Act of 1976 | 06/15/1976 | 07/01/1977 | Positive | Germany allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Germany | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1987 | Act on Parental Benefit and Parental Leave (Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz - BEEG) | 01/01/1986 | 01/01/1986 | Positive | Germany introduced paid parental leave. |
Germany | High income: OECD | Pension | 1987 | Law on Restructuring of Survivor's Pensions and Recognition of Child-raising Periods in Statutory Pension Insurance of 1985 | 07/11/1985 | 07/19/1985 | Positive | Germany explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Germany | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1996 | Act to establish equality for men and women of 1994 | 06/24/1994 | 06/24/1994 | Positive | Germany prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Germany | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1999 | German Civil Code | 05/04/1998 | 05/04/1998 | Positive | Germany gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Germany | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2003 | Law on civil Law protection against acts of violence and stalking (Gewaltschutzgesetz - GewSchG) | 12/11/2001 | 06/24/1905 | Positive | Germany enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Germany | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2007 | Expense Compensation Act | 12/22/2005 | 01/01/2006 | Positive | Germany began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
Germany | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2008 | Act Implementing European Directives Putting Into Effect the Principle of Equal Treatment | 08/14/2006 | 08/14/2006 | Positive | Germany introduced a new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Germany | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2008 | Act on Parental Benefit and Parental Leave (Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz - BEEG) | 12/05/2006 | 01/01/2007 | Positive | Germany introduced paid paternity leave. |
Germany | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2008 | Act Implementing European Directives Putting Into Effect the Principle of Equal Treatment | 08/14/2006 | 08/18/2006 | Positive | Germany enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Germany | High income: OECD | Pay | 2010 | New Training Regulations for the occupation Mining Technician (Bergbautechnologe/ Bergbautechnologin) | 03/31/2009 | 08/01/2009 | Positive | Germany eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. |
Germany | High income: OECD | Pay | 2019 | Act on the Promotion of Transparency of Pay between Women and Men | 06/30/2017 | 07/05/2017 | Positive | Germany introduced new legislation that mandates equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Ghana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 1973 | Matrimonial Causes Act | 09/07/1971 | 06/14/1985 | Positive | Ghana introduced the Matrimonial Causes Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Ghana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1987 | Intestate Succession Law | 06/14/1985 | 06/14/1985 | Positive | Ghana's Intestate Succession Act made inheritance equal under law for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. |
Ghana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1992 | Social Security Act | 01/01/1991 | 02/15/1991 | Positive | Ghana equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
Ghana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2005 | Labor Act, 2003 | 10/08/2003 | 10/10/2003 | Positive | Ghana prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Ghana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2005 | Labor Act, 2003 | 10/08/2003 | 10/10/2003 | Positive | Ghana lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Ghana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2005 | Labor Act, 2003 | 10/08/2003 | 03/31/2004 | Positive | Ghana prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Ghana | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2008 | Domestic Violence Act, 2007 | 05/03/2007 | 02/21/2007 | Positive | Ghana enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Greece | High income: OECD | Assets | 1984 | Civil Code | 02/18/1983 | 02/18/1983 | Positive | Greece eliminated the husband's supremacy in conjugal and family relations, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. Greece also recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Greece | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1984 | Civil Code | 02/18/1983 | 02/18/1983 | Positive | Greece allowed women to be head of household. Greece abolished a 10-month waiting period for women before remarriage, giving them the same rights to remarry as men. |
Greece | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1984 | Civil Code | 02/18/1983 | 02/18/1983 | Positive | Greece allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men. |
Greece | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1984 | Law 1483/1984 Protection and facilitation of workers with family obligations | 10/08/1984 | 10/08/1984 | Positive | Greece prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Greece | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1985 | Law 14/2/1984 | 02/14/1984 | 02/14/1984 | Positive | Greece increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Greece | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1985 | Law No. 1414/1984 - Application of the principle of gender equality in labor relations and other provisions | 01/30/1984 | 01/30/1984 | Positive | Greece prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Greece | High income: OECD | Pension | 1986 | Law 1483/1984 Protection and facilitation of workers with family obligations | 10/08/1984 | 10/08/1984 | Positive | Greece explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Greece | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1994 | National General Collective Labor Agreement 1993 | 06/09/1993 | 06/09/1993 | Positive | Greece introduced paid paternity leave. |
Greece | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2008 | Law 3500/2006 on Domestic Violence | 10/23/2006 | 10/24/2006 | Positive | Greece enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Greece | High income: OECD | Pay | 2008 | Law 3488/2006 on Application of the Principle of Equal Treatment between Men and Women regards Access to Employment, Vocational Training and Promotion, Terms and Conditions and Other Relevant Provisions | 12/31/2007 | 12/31/2007 | Positive | Greece eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night. |
Greece | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2008 | Law 3488/2006 on Application of the Principle of Equal Treatment between Men and Women regards Access to Employment, Vocational Training and Promotion, Terms and Conditions and Other Relevant Provisions | 09/06/2006 | 09/11/2006 | Positive | Greece enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Greece | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2011 | Law 3769/2009 Application of the Principle of Equal Treatment between Men and Women in the Access to and Supply of Goods and Services and Other Provisions | 07/01/2009 | 07/01/2009 | Positive | Greece introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Greece | High income: OECD | Pay | 2012 | Law 3896/2010 on Implementation of the Principle of Equal Opportunities and Equal Treatment for Men and Women in Matters of Employment and Occupation | 08/12/2010 | 08/12/2010 | Positive | Greece mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Greece | High income: OECD | Pension | 2012 | Law 3896/2010 on Implementation of the Principle of Equal Opportunities and Equal Treatment for Men and Women in Matters of Employment and Occupation | 08/12/2010 | 08/12/2010 | Positive | Greece equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Greece | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2022 | Law No. 4808/2021 | 06/16/2021 | 06/19/2021 | Positive | Greece introduced 2 months of paid parental leave as an individual entitlement for each parent. |
Grenada | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1974 | Matrimonial Causes Act | 07/23/1973 | 01/01/1974 | Positive | Grenada recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Grenada | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1974 | Matrimonial Causes Act | 05/23/1973 | 01/01/1974 | Positive | Grenada allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
Grenada | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1975 | Domicile and Matrimonial Proceedings Act 1973 | 07/23/1973 | 01/01/1974 | Positive | Grenada introduced new legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Grenada | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1982 | Act No. 14 of 1999 | 10/10/1980 | 10/10/1980 | Positive | Grenada prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Grenada | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1984 | National Insurance Act | 12/31/1983 | 12/31/1983 | Positive | Grenada introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Grenada | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 2001 | Act No. 14 of 1999 | 07/02/1999 | 07/02/1999 | Positive | Grenada mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night. |
Grenada | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2001 | Act No. 14 of 1999 | 07/02/1999 | 07/02/1999 | Positive | Grenada prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Grenada | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2003 | Domestic Violence Act | 06/12/2001 | 06/12/2001 | Positive | Grenada enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Grenada | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 2020 | Passport Regulations 2018 | 06/27/2018 | 06/27/2018 | Positive | Grenada made international travel easier for women by allowing them to apply for a passport in the same way as men, with no need for additional documentation |
Guatemala | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1995 | Decree No. 1441 Labor Code | 11/17/1992 | 12/03/1992 | Positive | Guatemala introduced paid paternity leave. |
Guatemala | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 1994 | Decree No. 64-92 | 11/17/1992 | 12/03/1992 | Positive | Guatemala lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Guatemala | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1994 | Decree No. 1441 Labor Code | 11/17/1992 | 12/03/1992 | Positive | Guatemala began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
Guatemala | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1998 | Decree No. 97-1996 Law to prevent, sanction and erradicate intrafamily violence | 11/25/1996 | 11/29/1996 | Positive | Guatemala enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Guatemala | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 2000 | Decree-Law No. 106 Civil Code | 11/19/1998 | 01/01/1999 | Positive | Guatemala granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage and equal rights to immovable property. |
Guatemala | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2001 | Decree No. 27-99 amended Civil Code | 08/30/1999 | #N/A | Positive | Guatemala allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Guatemala | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 2004 | Regulation on Protection Related to Disability, Old Age and Survival | 03/13/2003 | 03/19/2003 | Positive | Guatemala explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Guatemala | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2009 | Decree-Law No. 106 Civil Code | 11/29/2007 | 11/29/2007 | Positive | Guatemala revoked a provision requiring a waiting period for women before remarriage. |
Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1989 | Order n° 003/PRG/SGG/88 of January 28, 1988 establishing the labor code of the Republic of Guinea | 01/28/1988 | 01/28/1988 | Positive | Guinea increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 1989 | Order n° 003/PRG/SGG/88 of January 28, 1988 establishing the labor code of the Republic of Guinea | 01/28/1988 | 01/28/1988 | Positive | Guinea mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2015 | Law No. L/2014/072/CNT of 10 January 2014 on the Labor Code | 01/10/2014 | 01/10/2014 | Positive | Guinea lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2015 | Law No. L/2014/072/CNT of 10 January 2014 on the Labor Code | 01/14/2014 | 01/14/2014 | Positive | Guinea prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2018 | Law No. 2016/059/AN on the Penal Code | 10/26/2016 | 10/26/2016 | Positive | Guinea's new Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2020 | Ordinary Law L/2019/035/AN of July 04, 2019, on the Civil Code of the Republic of Guinea | 07/26/2019 | 07/26/2019 | Positive | Guinea allowed women to be head of household and obtain a divorce in the same way as a man. |
Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2020 | Ordinary Law L/2019/035/AN of July 04, 2019, on the Civil Code of the Republic of Guinea | 07/26/2019 | 07/26/2019 | Positive | Guinea allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men. |
Guinea | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2020 | Ordinary Law L/2019/035/AN of July 04, 2019, on the Civil Code of the Republic of Guinea | 07/04/2019 | 07/26/2019 | Positive | Guinea allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Guinea-Bissau | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1987 | Law No. 2/1986 General Labor Law | 05/01/1986 | 05/01/1986 | Positive | Guinea-Bissau's social security system began administering maternity benefits. |
Guinea-Bissau | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1987 | Decree-Law No. 5 of 1986 | 03/29/1987 | 03/29/1987 | Positive | Guinea-Bissau introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Guinea-Bissau | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1987 | Law No. 2/1986 General Labor Law | 04/05/1986 | 05/01/1986 | Positive | Guinea-Bissau prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Guinea-Bissau | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2015 | Law No. 6/2014 on the Criminalization of Acts of Violence in the Context of Domestic and Family Relations | 02/04/2014 | #N/A | Positive | Guinea-Bissau enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Guyana | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1990 | Domicile Reform Act | 07/14/1988 | 07/14/1988 | Positive | Guyana introduced the Domicile Reform Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Guyana | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1992 | Married Persons (Property) Act of 1904 | 07/20/1990 | 07/20/1990 | Positive | Guyana recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Guyana | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1998 | Domestic Violence Act | 12/31/1996 | 12/31/1996 | Positive | Guyana enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Guyana | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 1998 | Prevention of Discrimination Act | 10/13/1997 | 10/13/1997 | Positive | Guyana mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Guyana | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 1999 | Prevention of Discrimination Act | 10/13/1997 | 10/13/1997 | Positive | Guyana introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Guyana | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1999 | Termination of Employment and Severance Pay Act | 08/07/1997 | 08/07/1997 | Positive | Guyana prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Guyana | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1999 | Prevention of Discrimination Act | 10/13/1997 | 10/13/1997 | Positive | Guyana prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Haiti | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 1984 | Decree of 8 October 1982 establishing a new status for married women | 10/08/1982 | 10/08/1982 | Positive | Haiti introduced new legislation allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Haiti | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1984 | Decree of 8 October 1982 establishing a new status for married women | 10/08/1982 | 10/08/1982 | Positive | Haiti no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Haiti | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1984 | Decree of 8 October 1982 establishing a new status for married women | 10/08/1982 | 10/08/1982 | Positive | Haiti allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Haiti | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 1985 | Decree of 24 February 1984 updating the Labor Code of 12 September 1961 | 02/24/1984 | 02/24/1984 | Positive | Haiti mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Haiti | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1985 | Decree of 24 February 1984 updating the Labor Code of 12 September 1961 | 02/24/1984 | 02/24/1984 | Positive | Haiti prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Haiti | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2018 | Decree of 24 February 1984 updating the Labor Code of 12 September 1961 | 12/31/2016 | 12/31/2016 | Positive | Haiti's government began administering maternity benefits. |
Honduras | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1973 | Regulation of Social Security Law | 12/17/1971 | 12/17/1971 | Positive | Honduras introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Honduras | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1998 | Decree 144-83, Penal Code | 10/31/1996 | 02/28/1997 | Positive | Honduras enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Honduras | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1998 | Decree 144-83, Penal Code | 05/08/1997 | 06/10/1997 | Positive | Honduras enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Honduras | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2001 | Law on Equality of Opportunities for Women | 04/28/2000 | 05/22/2000 | Positive | Honduras prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Honduras | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 2009 | Consumer Protection Law | 04/01/2008 | 07/07/2008 | Positive | Honduras's Consumer Law made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Honduras | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2014 | Family Code | 02/27/2013 | 09/06/2013 | Positive | Honduras allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as a man. It also allowed women to be head of household. |
Honduras | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 2014 | Civil Code | 02/27/2013 | 09/06/2013 | Positive | Honduras reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Hong Kong SAR, China | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 1974 | Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Ordinance | 01/01/1973 | 01/01/1973 | Positive | Hong Kong SAR, China introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Hong Kong SAR, China | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 1988 | Domestic and Cohabitation Relationships Violence Ordinance | 12/19/1986 | #N/A | Positive | Hong Kong SAR, China enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Hong Kong SAR, China | East Asia & Pacific | Entrepreneurship | 1997 | Sex Discrimination Ordinance | 05/20/1996 | 12/20/1996 | Positive | Hong Kong SAR, China introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Hong Kong SAR, China | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 1997 | Sex Discrimination Ordinance | 05/20/1996 | 05/20/1996 | Positive | Hong Kong SAR, China enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Hong Kong SAR, China | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 1998 | Sex Discrimination Ordinance | 01/01/1995 | 01/01/1996 | Positive | Hong Kong SAR, China prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Hong Kong SAR, China | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2016 | Employment Ordinance (Cap. 57) | 12/23/2014 | 02/27/2015 | Positive | Hong Kong SAR, China introduced paid paternity leave. |
Hong Kong SAR, China | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2022 | Employment Ordinance (Cap. 57) | 07/17/2020 | 12/11/2020 | Positive | Hong Kong SAR, China increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Hungary | High income: OECD | Pension | 1991 | Labour Code of 1992 | 01/16/1991 | 01/16/1991 | Positive | Hungary explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Hungary | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1993 | Labour Code of 1992 | 03/30/1992 | 03/30/1992 | Positive | Hungary introduced paid paternity leave. |
Hungary | High income: OECD | Pension | 1993 | Labour Code of 1992 | 03/30/1992 | 05/04/1992 | Negative | Hungary set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Hungary | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2005 | Act CXXV of 2003 on Equal Treatment and Promotion of Equal Opportunity | 12/22/2003 | 12/22/2003 | Positive | Hungary introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Hungary | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2005 | Act CXXV of 2003 on Equal Treatment and Promotion of Equal Opportunity | 12/28/2003 | 01/27/2004 | Positive | Hungary prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Hungary | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2008 | Act CXXV of 2003 on Equal Treatment and Promotion of Equal Opportunity | 11/27/2006 | 12/01/2006 | Positive | Hungary enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Hungary | High income: OECD | Pension | 2010 | Law on Social Security Pensions | 12/13/2010 | 12/13/2010 | Positive | Hungary equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Hungary | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2011 | Act LXXII of 2009 on Restraining Orders Related to Violence Between Relatives | 10/01/2009 | 10/01/2009 | Positive | Hungary enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Hungary | High income: OECD | Pay | 2013 | Act on Labor Code (2012 I) | 12/13/2011 | 12/13/2011 | Positive | Hungary allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Iceland | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1976 | Act on Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men | 12/31/1976 | 12/31/1976 | Positive | Iceland prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Iceland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1977 | Act on Working Terms and Pension Rights Insurance, No. 55/1980 | 12/31/1975 | 12/31/1975 | Positive | Iceland's government began administering maternity benefits. |
Iceland | High income: OECD | Pay | 1977 | Act on Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men | 12/31/1976 | 12/31/1976 | Positive | Iceland mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Iceland | High income: OECD | Pension | 1986 | Act on Working Terms and Pension Rights Insurance, No. 55/1980 | 12/18/1985 | 12/18/1985 | Positive | Iceland explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Iceland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1988 | Act on maternity and parental leave | 03/31/1987 | 03/31/1987 | Positive | Iceland prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Iceland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1989 | Act on maternity and parental leave | 01/01/1988 | 01/01/1988 | Positive | Iceland introduced paid parental leave. |
Iceland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1999 | Paternity Leave and Benefit Act | 12/09/1997 | 01/01/1998 | Positive | Iceland introduced paid paternity leave. |
Iceland | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2001 | Act on Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men | 05/01/2000 | 06/06/2000 | Positive | Iceland enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Iceland | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2013 | Act on Restraining Orders | 06/23/2011 | 06/30/2011 | Positive | Iceland enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Iceland | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2017 | Act on Equal Status and Equal Rights Irrespective of Gender, No. 150/2020 | 07/10/2015 | 07/10/2015 | Positive | Iceland's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
India | South Asia | Workplace | 1989 | Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 | 12/16/1987 | 12/16/1987 | Positive | India prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
India | South Asia | Assets | 1996 | The Hindu Succession Act | 06/22/1994 | 06/26/1994 | Positive | India reformed the Hindu Succession Act, equalizing inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. |
India | South Asia | Marriage | 2007 | The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act | 09/13/2005 | 10/26/2006 | Positive | India enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
India | South Asia | Workplace | 1999 | The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act | 08/13/1997 | 08/13/1997 | Positive | India enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
India | South Asia | Parenthood | 2018 | The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act | 03/27/2017 | 04/01/2017 | Positive | India increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
India | South Asia | Pay | 2019 | Maharashtra Shops and Establishments (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act | 09/07/2017 | 09/07/2017 | Positive | The state of Maharashtra eliminated restrictions on women’s ability to work in jobs deemed dangerous. |
India | South Asia | Parenthood | 2021 | Employees State Insurance Act (Amendment) | 09/10/2020 | 10/01/2020 | Positive | The state of Maharashtra began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | Assets | 1975 | Law No. 1/1974 on Marriage | 01/02/1974 | 01/02/1974 | Positive | Indonesia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | Entrepreneurship | 1975 | Law No. 1/1974 on Marriage | 01/02/1974 | 01/02/1974 | Positive | Indonesia introduced a new Marriage Law allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | Mobility | 1975 | Law No. 1/1974 on Marriage | 01/02/1974 | 01/02/1974 | Positive | Indonesia introduced the Marriage Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 1975 | Law No. 1/1974 on Marriage | 01/02/1974 | 01/02/1974 | Positive | Indonesia allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 1978 | Government Regulation on Retirement Guarantee Program (No. 45/2015) | 11/26/1977 | 11/26/1977 | Positive | Indonesia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 1999 | Indonesian Labor Law (No.13/2003) | 10/03/1997 | 10/03/1997 | Positive | Indonesia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2004 | Indonesian Labor Law (No.13/2003) | 03/25/2003 | 03/25/2003 | Positive | Indonesia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men and lifted restrictions on women's employment in industrial jobs. |
Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2004 | Indonesian Labor Law (No.13/2003) | 06/25/2003 | 06/25/2003 | Positive | Indonesia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2005 | Indonesian Labor Law (No.13/2003) | 03/25/2003 | 03/25/2003 | Positive | Indonesia introduced paid paternity leave. |
Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2006 | Law No. 23/2004 Regarding Elimination of Violence in Household | 09/22/2004 | 09/22/2004 | Positive | Indonesia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Indonesia | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2023 | Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence | 05/09/2022 | 05/09/2022 | Positive | Indonesia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment, including both criminal penalties and civil remedies for such conduct. |
Iran, Islamic Rep. | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 1992 | Labor Law | 11/20/1990 | 11/20/1990 | Negative | The Islamic Republic of Iran set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Iran, Islamic Rep. | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2009 | Population and Family Regulation Amendments Act 2013 | 12/31/2006 | 12/31/2006 | Positive | The Islamic Republic of Iran increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Iran, Islamic Rep. | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2015 | Population and Family Regulation Amendments Act 2013 | 06/10/2013 | 06/10/2013 | Positive | The Islamic Republic of Iran introduced paid paternity leave. |
Iraq | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 1989 | Labor Law | 08/17/1987 | 08/17/1987 | Positive | Iraq eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and removed restrictions on women's employment in manufacturing. |
Iraq | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 1989 | Act No. 71 of 1987 promulgating the Labour Code | 05/27/1987 | 05/27/1987 | Positive | Iraq prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Iraq | Middle East & North Africa | Mobility | 2017 | Passport Law No. 32 of 2015 | 09/21/2015 | 09/21/2015 | Positive | Iraq enacted a new passport law which no longer requires a married woman to bring a guardian when applying for a passport. |
Iraq | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2017 | Labor Law | 10/15/2015 | 10/15/2015 | Positive | Iraq increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Iraq | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 2017 | Labor Law No. 37 of 2015 | 10/15/2015 | 10/15/2015 | Positive | Iraq mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Iraq | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 2017 | Labor Law No. 37 of 2015 | 10/15/2015 | 10/15/2015 | Negative | Iraq set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Iraq | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2017 | Labor Law No. 37 of 2015 | 10/15/2015 | 10/15/2015 | Positive | Iraq enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Iraq | Middle East & North Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2023 | Central Bank Circular No. 23/422 | 03/10/2022 | 03/10/2022 | Positive | Iraq prohibited gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Ireland | High income: OECD | Pay | 1976 | Anti-Discrimination (Pay) Act, 1974 | 07/01/1974 | 07/01/1974 | Positive | Ireland mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Ireland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1978 | Unfair Dismissals Act of 1977 | 04/06/1977 | 04/06/1977 | Positive | Ireland prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Ireland | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1979 | Employment Equality Act | 06/01/1977 | 06/01/1977 | Positive | Ireland prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Ireland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1982 | Maternity Protection of Employees Act, 1981 | 04/06/1981 | 04/06/1981 | Positive | Ireland introduced paid maternity leave of at least 14 weeks. |
Ireland | High income: OECD | Pay | 1982 | Social Welfare Consolidation Act | 09/17/1982 | 09/17/1982 | Positive | Ireland removed restrictions on women's employment in manufacturing. |
Ireland | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1983 | Domestic Violence Act | 06/23/1981 | 07/23/1981 | Positive | Ireland enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Ireland | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1988 | Domicile and Recognition of Foreign Divorces Act | 07/02/1986 | 10/02/1986 | Positive | Ireland introduced the Domicile and Recognition of Foreign Divorces Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Ireland | High income: OECD | Pension | 1995 | Social Welfare Consolidation Act | 03/31/1994 | 03/31/1994 | Positive | Ireland explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Ireland | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1997 | Family Law Act | 10/02/1995 | 08/01/1996 | Positive | Ireland revoked a constitutional ban on divorce, making the process equal for both spouses. Women and men also have the same rights to remarry. |
Ireland | High income: OECD | Assets | 1998 | Family Law (Divorce) Act | 11/27/1996 | 02/27/1997 | Positive | Ireland passed the Family Law (Divorce) Act, explicitly recognizing the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Ireland | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2000 | Employment Equality Act | 06/18/1998 | 10/19/1999 | Positive | Ireland enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Ireland | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2001 | Equal Status Act | 04/26/2000 | 10/25/2000 | Positive | Ireland's Equal Status Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Ireland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2018 | Paternity Leave and Benefit Act | 07/27/2016 | 07/27/2016 | Positive | Ireland introduced paid paternity leave. |
Ireland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2021 | Parent's Leave and Benefit Act 2019 | 10/24/2019 | 11/02/2019 | Positive | Ireland introduced two weeks of paid parental leave as an individual entitlement for each parent. |
Israel | High income: OECD | Assets | 1975 | Spouses Property Relations Law, 1973 | 01/01/1974 | 01/01/1974 | Positive | Israel recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Israel | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1989 | Employment (Equal Opportunities) Law 5748-1988 | 03/03/1988 | 04/01/1988 | Positive | Israel prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Israel | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1992 | Prevention of Family Violence Law 5751-1991 | 03/28/1991 | 06/26/1991 | Positive | Israel enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Israel | High income: OECD | Pay | 1997 | Equal Pay for Female and Male Workers Law, 1996 | 03/21/1996 | 09/21/1996 | Positive | Israel mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Israel | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1999 | Prevention of Sexual Harassment Law 5758-1998 | 03/01/1998 | 09/01/1998 | Positive | Israel enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Israel | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2001 | Prohibition of Discrimination in Products, Services and Entry into Places of Entertainment and Public Places Law, 5761-2000 | 05/15/2000 | 05/15/2000 | Positive | Israel made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Israel | High income: OECD | Pension | 2005 | Retirement Age Law, 2004 | 01/18/2004 | 01/18/2004 | Negative | Israel set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Israel | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2007 | Women's Employment Act | 02/23/2005 | 06/06/2005 | Positive | Israel increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Israel | High income: OECD | Pension | 2015 | Retirement Age Law, 2004 | 12/29/2011 | 12/29/2011 | Positive | Israel equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1972 | Law No. 898 of 1970 | 12/01/1970 | 12/03/1970 | Positive | Italy adopted its first law on divorce, allowing women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1973 | Legislative Decree no. 151 of 26 March 2001 | 01/18/1972 | 01/18/1972 | Positive | Italy increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Assets | 1976 | Law No. 151 of 1975 | 05/19/1975 | 05/23/1975 | Positive | Italy recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1976 | Law No. 151 of 1975 | 05/19/1975 | 05/23/1975 | Positive | Italy allowed women to be head of household. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1976 | Law No. 151 of 1975 | 05/19/1975 | 05/23/1975 | Positive | Italy reformed its Family Law removing restriction for a married woman to choose where to live and leave the marital home without her husband's permission. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Pay | 1979 | Law No. 903 of 1977 | 12/09/1977 | 12/09/1977 | Positive | Italy mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1979 | Legislative Decree no. 198 of 11 April 2006 "Code of equal opportunities for men and women, pursuant to article 6 of Law no. 246 of 28 November 2005" | 12/09/1977 | 12/09/1977 | Positive | Italy prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Pension | 1997 | Law No 335 of 8 August 1995 - Reform of the compulsory and supplementary pension system | 08/08/1995 | 08/08/1995 | Positive | Italy explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2001 | Legislative Decree 26-3-2001 no. 151 Consolidated text of the legislative provisions on the protection and support of maternity and paternity, pursuant to Article 15 of Law no. 53 of 8 March 2000. | 03/26/2001 | 03/26/2001 | Positive | Italy introduced paid parental leave. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Pay | 2002 | Legislative Decree no. 198 of 11 April 2006 "Code of equal opportunities for men and women, pursuant to article 6 of Law no. 246 of 28 November 2005" | 03/26/2001 | 04/26/2001 | Positive | Italy eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2006 | Legislative Decree no. 145 of 30 May 2005 | 05/20/2005 | 08/11/2005 | Positive | Italy enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2007 | Legislative Decree no. 198 of 11 April 2006 "Code of equal opportunities for men and women, pursuant to article 6 of Law no. 246 of 28 November 2005" | 04/11/2006 | 06/15/2007 | Positive | Italy introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2007 | Legislative Decree no. 198 of 11 April 2006 "Code of equal opportunities for men and women, pursuant to article 6 of Law no. 246 of 28 November 2005" | 04/11/2006 | 06/15/2006 | Positive | Italy enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2014 | Law No. 92 of 28 June 2012 | 06/28/2012 | 06/28/2012 | Positive | Italy introduced paid paternity leave. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2015 | Law No. 119 of 15 October 2013 | 10/15/2013 | 10/16/2013 | Positive | Italy enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Italy | High income: OECD | Pension | 2019 | Directorial Decree of 5 November 2019 | 01/01/2018 | 01/01/2018 | Positive | Italy equalized the age (67 years) at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
Jamaica | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1981 | Maternity Leave Act | 12/31/1979 | 12/31/1979 | Positive | Jamaica prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Jamaica | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1990 | The Matrimonial Causes Act | 02/01/1989 | 02/01/1989 | Positive | Jamaica allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as a man. |
Jamaica | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1990 | The Matrimonial Causes Act | 02/01/1989 | 02/01/1989 | Positive | Jamaica allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men. |
Jamaica | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1997 | Domestic Violence Act | 02/27/1996 | 05/06/1996 | Positive | Jamaica enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Jamaica | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 2007 | Property (Rights of Spouses) Act | 04/01/2006 | 04/01/2006 | Positive | Jamaica recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions as a factor in property division. |
Jamaica | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 2016 | The Employment (Flexible Work Arrangements) (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 2014 | 11/25/2014 | 11/25/2014 | Positive | Jamaica lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Jamaica | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 2016 | The Employment (Flexible Work Arrangements) (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 2014 | 03/25/2011 | 01/01/2015 | Positive | Jamaica equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
Jamaica | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2023 | Sexual Harassment (Protection and Prevention) Act | 04/02/2022 | 04/02/2022 | Positive | Jamaica enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment, including civil remedies for such conduct. |
Japan | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1974 | Act No. 113 of July, 1972 - Act on Securing, Etc. of Equal Opportunity and Treatment between Men and Women in Employment | 07/01/1972 | 07/01/1972 | Positive | Japan prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Japan | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1986 | Child Care and Family Care Leave Act | 06/01/1985 | 04/01/1986 | Positive | Japan increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Japan | High income: OECD | Pension | 1992 | Law Concerning the Welfare of Workers Who Take Care of Children or Other Family Members Including Child Care and Family Care Leave | 07/06/1990 | 07/06/1990 | Positive | Japan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Japan | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2011 | Child Care and Family Care Leave Act | 07/01/2009 | 06/30/2010 | Positive | Japan introduced paid paternity leave. |
Japan | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2002 | Act on the Prevention of Spousal Violence and the Protection of Victims | 04/13/2001 | 10/13/2001 | Positive | Japan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Japan | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1996 | Child Care and Family Care Leave Act | 06/09/1995 | 10/01/1995 | Positive | Japan introduced paid parental leave. |
Jordan | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 1980 | Law No. 8 of 1996 (Labor Law of 1996) and its amendments | 07/30/1978 | 07/30/1978 | Positive | Jordan began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
Jordan | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 1981 | Law No. 8 of 1996 (Labor Law of 1996) and its amendments | 07/30/1978 | 07/30/1978 | Positive | Jordan introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Jordan | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2009 | Law on Protection from Domestic Violence No. 15 of 2017 | 03/16/2008 | 03/16/2008 | Positive | Jordan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Jordan | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 2011 | The Social Security Law for the Year 2010 | 04/01/2010 | 04/01/2010 | Positive | Jordan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Jordan | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2020 | Law No. 8 of 1996 (Labor Law of 1996) and its amendments | 05/16/2019 | 05/16/2019 | Positive | Jordan introduced three days of paid paternity leave. |
Jordan | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 2020 | Law No. 8 of 1996 (Labor Law of 1996) and its amendments | 05/16/2019 | 05/16/2019 | Positive | Jordan enacted legislation that mandates equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Jordan | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 2020 | Decree No. 2 of 2018 | 12/30/2018 | 12/30/2018 | Positive | Jordan lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night. |
Jordan | Middle East & North Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2021 | The Central Bank of Jordan Instructions No. 56/2012 | 08/12/2020 | 08/12/2020 | Positive | Jordan made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Jordan | Middle East & North Africa | Mobility | 2021 | Passport application form | 08/26/2020 | 08/26/2020 | Positive | Jordan allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men. |
Kazakhstan | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1972 | Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan | 07/01/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Negative | Kazakhstan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Kazakhstan | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1973 | Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan | 07/21/1972 | 07/21/1972 | Positive | Kazakhstan increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Kazakhstan | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1974 | Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan | 07/21/1972 | 01/01/1973 | Positive | Kazakhstan no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. |
Kazakhstan | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2001 | Labour Code of the Kazakh SSR of 21 July 1972 | 12/10/1999 | 01/01/2000 | Positive | Kazakhstan prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Kazakhstan | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1993 | Law on Pensions of the Republic of Kazakhstan | 06/17/1991 | 10/01/1991 | Positive | Kazakhstan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Kazakhstan | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2001 | Labour Law 1999 | 12/10/1999 | 12/10/1999 | Positive | Kazakhstan prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Kazakhstan | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2001 | Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan | 12/10/1999 | 12/10/1999 | Positive | Kazakhstan lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Kazakhstan | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2009 | Law on Compulsory Social Insurance | 04/25/2003 | 01/01/2008 | Positive | Kazakhstan introduced paid parental leave. |
Kazakhstan | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2011 | Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence | 12/04/2009 | 12/14/2009 | Positive | Kazakhstan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Kazakhstan | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2017 | Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan | 11/23/2015 | 01/01/2016 | Negative | Kazakhstan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Kazakhstan | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2023 | Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated October 12, 2021 No. 67-VII ZRK | 10/12/2021 | 10/22/2021 | Positive | Kazakhstan eliminated all restrictions on women’s employment. Women can now work in industrial jobs and in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Kenya | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 1972 | Law of Domicile Act of 1972 | 06/04/1971 | 06/05/1971 | Positive | Kenya introduced the Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Kenya | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1974 | Law of Succession Act | 11/13/1972 | 07/01/1981 | Positive | Kenya equalized inheritance rights for sons and daughters. |
Kenya | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2008 | Sexual Offences Act | 07/14/2006 | 07/21/2006 | Positive | Kenya enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Kenya | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2009 | Employment Act | 10/26/2007 | 10/26/2007 | Positive | Kenya prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Kenya | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2009 | Employment Act | 10/26/2007 | 10/26/2007 | Positive | Kenya mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and in industrial undertakings at night. |
Kenya | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2009 | Employment (Amendment) Act, 2021 | 10/22/2007 | 10/22/2007 | Positive | Kenya prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Kenya | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2015 | The Matrimonial Property Act, 2013 | 12/24/2013 | 01/16/2014 | Positive | Kenya recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Kenya | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2017 | Protection Against Domestic Violence Act | 05/14/2015 | 06/04/2015 | Positive | Kenya enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Kiribati | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 1979 | Provident Fund (Amendment) Act 2005 (No. 11 of 2005) | 07/01/1977 | 07/01/1977 | Positive | Kiribati introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Kiribati | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2009 | Employment and Industrial Relations Code 2015 | 06/17/2009 | 06/17/2009 | Positive | Kiribati mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Kiribati | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2009 | Employment (Amendment) Act 2008 (No.2 of 2008) | 05/15/2008 | 05/15/2008 | Positive | Kiribati prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Kiribati | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2016 | Te Rau N Te Mwenga (Family Peace) Act 2014 | 12/10/2014 | #N/A | Positive | Kiribati enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Kiribati | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2017 | Employment and Industrial Relations Code 2015 | 12/24/2015 | 12/24/2015 | Positive | Kiribati prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Kiribati | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2017 | Employment and Industrial Relations Code 2015 | 12/24/2015 | 12/24/2015 | Positive | Kiribati eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and in industrial undertakings at night. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Kiribati | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2017 | Employment and Industrial Relations Code 2015 | 08/20/2015 | 12/24/2015 | Positive | Kiribati enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Korea, Rep. | High income: OECD | Pension | 1975 | National Pension Act of 31 December 1986 | 12/24/1973 | 01/01/1974 | Positive | The Republic of Korea introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Korea, Rep. | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1989 | Act on Equal Employment and Support for Work-Family Reconciliation | 04/01/1989 | 04/01/1989 | Positive | The Republic of Korea prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Korea, Rep. | High income: OECD | Assets | 1991 | Civil Act of 1958 | 01/13/1990 | 01/13/1990 | Positive | The Republic of Korea's new Family Law equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. It also recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Korea, Rep. | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1991 | Civil Act of 1958 | 01/13/1990 | 01/13/1990 | Positive | The Republic of Korea reformed its Civil Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Korea, Rep. | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1998 | Labor Standards Act | 03/13/1997 | 03/13/1997 | Positive | The Republic of Korea prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Korea, Rep. | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1999 | Act on special cases concerning the punishment, etc. of crimes of domestic violence | 12/13/1997 | 06/20/1905 | Positive | The Republic of Korea enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Korea, Rep. | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2000 | Sexual Equality Employment Act | 02/08/1999 | 02/08/1999 | Positive | The Republic of Korea enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Korea, Rep. | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2003 | Act on Equal Employment and Support for Work-Family Reconciliation | 09/15/2003 | 09/15/2003 | Positive | The Republic of Korea increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid parental leave. |
Korea, Rep. | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2006 | Civil Act of 1958 | 03/31/2005 | 01/01/2008 | Positive | The Republic of Korea allowed women to be head of household. Korea, Rep. gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Korea, Rep. | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2007 | The National Human Rights Commission Act | 07/29/2005 | 07/29/2005 | Positive | The Republic of Korea enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Korea, Rep. | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2009 | Act on Equal Employment and Support for Work-Family Reconciliation | 10/09/2009 | 10/09/2009 | Positive | The Republic of Korea introduced paid paternity leave. |
Korea, Rep. | High income: OECD | Pension | 2009 | National Pension Act of 31 December 1986 | 02/29/2008 | 03/19/2010 | Positive | The Republic of Korea explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Kosovo | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1998 | Labor Law | 06/19/1996 | 06/19/1996 | Positive | Kosovo equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Kosovo | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2003 | United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) Regulation No. 2001/27 on Essential Labor Law in Kosovo | 10/08/2001 | 10/08/2001 | Negative | Kosovo decreased the duration of paid maternity leave to less than 14 weeks. It also enacted legislation that obliges employers to share in the administration of maternity benefits. |
Kosovo | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2003 | Law on Pension Funds (Amendment) No. 04/L-168 of 08 April 2013 | 12/22/2001 | 12/22/2001 | Positive | Kosovo equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Kosovo | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2003 | Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan | 10/08/2001 | 10/08/2001 | Positive | Kosovo prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Kosovo | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2004 | United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) Regulation No. 2003/12 on Protection against Domestic Violence | 05/07/2003 | 05/07/2003 | Positive | Kosovo enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Kosovo | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2005 | Labor Law | 02/19/2004 | 06/07/2004 | Positive | Kosovo mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Kosovo | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2006 | Law on Inheritance | 02/19/2004 | 06/02/2004 | Positive | Kosovo introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Kosovo | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2012 | Labor Law | 11/01/2010 | 11/18/2010 | Positive | Kosovo increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Kuwait | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 1978 | Social Security Law, No. 61 of 1976. | 09/02/1976 | 09/02/1976 | Positive | Kuwait introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Kuwait | Middle East & North Africa | Mobility | 2011 | The Constitutional Court's Ruling that holds some provisions of the Passports Law unconstitutional | 10/20/2009 | 10/20/2009 | Positive | Kuwait amended its passport law which no longer requires women the consent of her husband when applying for a passport. |
Kuwait | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 2020 | Social Insurance Law | 04/01/2019 | 04/01/2019 | Negative | Kuwait set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Kuwait | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2021 | Kuwait Domestic Violence Law 2020 | 09/13/2020 | 09/20/2020 | Positive | Kuwait enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Kuwait | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2022 | Ministerial Decree No. 177 of 2021 on Prohibiting Discrimination in Employment and Prohibiting Sexual Harassment at Workplaces | 09/28/2021 | 09/28/2021 | Positive | Kuwait prohibited gender discrimination in employment and adopted legislation on sexual harassment in employment. |
Kyrgyz Republic | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1972 | Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Decree Dated March 26, 1956 on Increasing the Duration of Holidays for Pregnancy and Childhood | 07/15/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Negative | Kyrgyz Republic set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Kyrgyz Republic | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1973 | Labor Code of Kyrgyz Republic | 07/15/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Positive | Kyrgyz Republic prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Kyrgyz Republic | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1999 | Labor Code of Kyrgyz Republic | 09/18/1997 | 10/01/1997 | Positive | Kyrgyz Republic no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Kyrgyz Republic | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2004 | Family Code of Kyrgyz Republic | 01/31/2003 | 03/12/2003 | Positive | Kyrgyz Republic introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Kyrgyz Republic | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2004 | Law on Safeguarding and Protecting Against Domestic Violence | 03/25/2003 | 04/04/2003 | Positive | Kyrgyz Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Kyrgyz Republic | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2004 | Law on State Guarantees of Equal Rights and Equal Opportunities for Men and Women | 01/31/2003 | 03/12/2003 | Positive | Kyrgyz Republic enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Kyrgyz Republic | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2006 | Labor Code of Kyrgyz Republic | 05/25/2004 | 08/04/2004 | Positive | Kyrgyz Republic lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Kyrgyz Republic | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2006 | Labor Code of Kyrgyz Republic | 08/04/2004 | 08/04/2004 | Positive | Kyrgyz Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Kyrgyz Republic | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2008 | Government Decree Kyrgyz Republic dated August 14, 2006 No. 576 | 08/14/2006 | 07/01/2006 | Negative | Kyrgyz Republic enacted legislation that obliges employers to pay the first ten days of maternity leave. |
Kyrgyz Republic | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2010 | Law on State Guarantees of Equal Rights and Equal Opportunities for Men and Women | 08/02/2008 | 08/02/2008 | Positive | Kyrgyz Republic enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 1972 | Law No. 70-459 of 1970 amended Civil Code | 06/04/1970 | 06/04/1970 | Positive | Lao PDR allowed women to be head of household. |
Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific | Mobility | 1977 | Civil Code of the Lao People's Democratic Republic | 07/11/1975 | 07/11/1975 | Positive | Lao PDR introduced new legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific | Assets | 1987 | Civil Code of the Lao People's Democratic Republic | 12/23/1985 | 12/23/1985 | Positive | Lao PDR granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific | Assets | 1992 | Civil Code of the Lao People's Democratic Republic | 11/29/1990 | 12/24/1990 | Positive | Lao PDR granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. |
Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 1992 | Civil Code of the Lao People's Democratic Republic | 11/29/1990 | 12/24/1990 | Positive | Lao PDR enacted a new family law, allowing women to obtain a divorce and remarry in the same way as men. |
Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 1992 | Family Law 1990 | 12/24/1990 | 12/24/1990 | Positive | Lao PDR allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 1995 | Decree No. 24/PR of the President of the Republic, dated 21 April 1994 promulgating Act No. 002/NA of 14 March 1994 concerning labour | 04/21/1994 | 06/11/1994 | Positive | Lao PDR prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 1995 | Decree No. 24/PR of the President of the Republic, dated 21 April 1994 promulgating Act No. 002/NA of 14 March 1994 concerning labour | 04/21/1994 | 04/21/1994 | Positive | Lao PDR prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 2001 | Decree on Social Security System for Enterprise Employees | 12/23/1999 | 07/01/2000 | Positive | Lao PDR introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2006 | Law on Development and Protection of Women 2004 | 10/22/2004 | 02/13/2005 | Positive | Lao PDR enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific | Entrepreneurship | 2007 | Penal Law 2005 | 11/09/2005 | 04/08/2006 | Positive | Lao PDR amended its Penal Law that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2008 | Labor Law (Amended) | 12/27/2006 | 03/27/2007 | Positive | Lao PDR eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night, and allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2015 | Labor Law | 12/24/2013 | 03/24/2014 | Positive | Lao PDR increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 2015 | Law on Social Security | 07/26/2013 | 08/01/2013 | Negative | Lao PDR set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Lao PDR | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2015 | Labor Law | 12/24/2013 | 01/28/2014 | Positive | Lao PDR enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Latvia | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1972 | Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor | 07/15/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Positive | Latvia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Latvia | High income: OECD | Pension | 1972 | Labor Law | 12/09/1971 | 04/01/1972 | Negative | Latvia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Latvia | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1973 | Labor Law | 12/09/1971 | 12/09/1971 | Positive | Latvia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Latvia | High income: OECD | Pension | 1997 | Law on State Pensions | 11/06/1996 | 12/10/1996 | Positive | Latvia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Latvia | High income: OECD | Pay | 2003 | Labor Law | 12/12/2002 | 01/01/2002 | Positive | Latvia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. |
Latvia | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2003 | Labor Law | 06/20/2001 | 06/20/2001 | Positive | Latvia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Latvia | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2004 | Labor Law | 06/20/2001 | 06/01/2002 | Positive | Latvia introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave. |
Latvia | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2005 | Labor Law | 04/22/2004 | 05/08/2004 | Positive | Latvia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Latvia | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2009 | Consumers Rights Protection Law | 06/19/2008 | 07/23/2008 | Positive | Latvia amended its Consumer Rights Protection Law that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Latvia | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2016 | Civil Procedure Code | 02/13/2014 | 03/31/2014 | Positive | Latvia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Lebanon | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2001 | Labor Code | 05/26/2000 | 05/26/2000 | Positive | Lebanon prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Lebanon | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2001 | Labor Code | 05/26/2000 | 05/26/2000 | Positive | Lebanon prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Lebanon | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2016 | Law on the Protection of Women and Family Members from Domestic Violence | 05/07/2014 | 05/15/2014 | Positive | Lebanon enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Lebanon | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2022 | Law on Criminalizing Sexual Harassment and the Rehabilitation of its Victims | 12/21/2020 | 01/07/2021 | Positive | Lebanon enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment and also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Lesotho | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1993 | Land (Amendment) Order of 1992 | 03/10/1992 | 03/10/1992 | Positive | Lesotho equalized inheritance rights for male and female surviving spouses. |
Lesotho | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1994 | Labor Code Order | 11/12/1992 | 11/12/1992 | Positive | Lesotho prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Lesotho | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 1994 | Labor Code Order | 11/12/1992 | 11/12/1992 | Positive | Lesotho mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Lesotho | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1994 | Labor Code Order | 11/12/1992 | 11/12/1992 | Positive | Lesotho prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Lesotho | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2006 | Old Age Pension (Pensions) Act 2005 | 03/16/2005 | 03/16/2005 | Positive | Lesotho introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Lesotho | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2007 | Act No.9 of 2006 Legal Capacity of Married Persons | 01/01/2006 | 12/06/2006 | Positive | Lesotho enacted the Legal Capacity of Married Persons Act abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Lesotho | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2007 | Act No.9 of 2006 Legal Capacity of Married Persons | 01/01/2006 | 12/06/2006 | Positive | Lesotho allowed women to be head of household. |
Lesotho | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2007 | Act No.9 of 2006 Legal Capacity of Married Persons | 01/01/2006 | 12/06/2006 | Positive | Lesotho introduced the Legal Capacity of Married Persons Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Lesotho | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2008 | Act No.9 of 2006 Legal Capacity of Married Persons | 11/01/2006 | 12/06/2006 | Positive | Lesotho allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Lesotho | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2008 | Act No.9 of 2006 Legal Capacity of Married Persons | 01/01/2006 | 12/06/2006 | Positive | Lesotho granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Lesotho | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2012 | Land Act 2010 | 01/01/2010 | 06/14/2010 | Positive | Lesotho equalized inheritance rights for sons and daughters. |
Liberia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1974 | Domestic Relations Law - Title 9 - Liberian Code of Laws Revised of 1973 | 04/10/1973 | 04/10/1973 | Positive | Liberia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Liberia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 1974 | Domestic Relations Law - Title 9 - Liberian Code of Laws Revised of 1973 | 04/10/1973 | 04/10/1973 | Positive | Liberia enacted a new Domestic Relations Law allowing a woman to sing a legally biding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Liberia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 1974 | Domestic Relations Law - Title 9 - Liberian Code of Laws Revised of 1973 | 04/10/1973 | 04/10/1973 | Positive | Liberia allowed women to be head of household. |
Liberia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1974 | Domestic Relations Law - Title 9 - Liberian Code of Laws Revised of 1973 | 04/10/1973 | #N/A | Positive | Liberia allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Liberia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2017 | An Act to Repeal Title 18 of the Executive Law, Labor Practices Law and to establish in lieu thereof the Decent Work Act 2015 | 06/26/2015 | 06/26/2015 | Positive | Liberia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Liberia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2017 | An Act to Repeal Title 18 of the Executive Law, Labor Practices Law and to establish in lieu thereof the Decent Work Act 2015 | 06/26/2015 | 06/26/2015 | Positive | Liberia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Liberia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2017 | An Act to Repeal Title 18 of the Executive Law, Labor Practices Law and to establish in lieu thereof the Decent Work Act 2015 | 06/26/2015 | 06/26/2015 | Positive | Liberia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Liberia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2019 | The Domestic Violence Act of 2019 | 01/19/2018 | 01/19/2018 | Positive | Liberia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Libya | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 1985 | Law No. (10) of 1984 regarding provisions for marriage and divorce and their effects | 04/19/1984 | 04/19/1984 | Positive | Libya no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Libya | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2011 | Law No. (12) For 2010 concerning of labor relations. | 01/28/2010 | 01/28/2010 | Positive | Libya prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Libya | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 2011 | Law No. (12) For 2010 concerning of labor relations. | 01/28/2010 | 01/28/2010 | Positive | Libya mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Libya | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 2011 | Law No. (12) For 2010 concerning of labor relations. | 01/28/2010 | 01/28/2010 | Negative | Libya set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Libya | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2011 | Law No. (12) For 2010 concerning of labor relations. | 01/28/2010 | 01/28/2010 | Positive | Libya prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Lithuania | High income: OECD | Pension | 1972 | Law on State Social Insurance Pensions of the Republic of Lithuania | 12/09/1971 | 04/01/1972 | Negative | Lithuania set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Lithuania | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1973 | Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania | 12/09/1971 | 12/09/1971 | Positive | Lithuania prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Lithuania | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1973 | Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania | 01/01/1972 | 01/01/1972 | Positive | Lithuania prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Lithuania | High income: OECD | Pension | 1974 | Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania | 06/01/1972 | 06/01/1972 | Positive | Lithuania no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. |
Lithuania | High income: OECD | Pension | 1996 | Law on State Social Insurance Pensions of the Republic of Lithuania | 07/18/1994 | 01/01/1995 | Positive | Lithuania no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Lithuania | High income: OECD | Pay | 2000 | Law on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men of the Republic of Lithuania | 12/01/1998 | 03/01/1999 | Positive | Lithuania mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Lithuania | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2000 | Law on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men of the Republic of Lithuania | 12/01/1998 | 03/01/1999 | Positive | Lithuania enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Lithuania | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2002 | Labor Code of the Republic of Lithuania | 12/21/2000 | 01/01/2001 | Positive | Lithuania introduced paid parental leave. |
Lithuania | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2002 | Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania | 09/26/2000 | #N/A | Positive | Lithuania adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Lithuania | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2004 | Law on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men of the Republic of Lithuania | 12/13/2004 | 12/13/2004 | Positive | Lithuania introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Lithuania | High income: OECD | Pay | 2004 | Law on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men of the Republic of Lithuania | 10/14/2003 | 11/05/2003 | Positive | Lithuania eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Lithuania | High income: OECD | Pension | 2005 | Law on State Social Insurance Pensions of the Republic of Lithuania | 11/18/2003 | 07/01/2004 | Negative | Lithuania set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Lithuania | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2008 | Law on Sickness and Maternity Social Insurance | 12/20/2007 | 12/20/2007 | Positive | Lithuania introduced paid paternity leave. |
Lithuania | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2013 | Law on Protection Against Domestic Violence of the Republic of Lithuania | 05/26/2011 | 12/15/2011 | Positive | Lithuania enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Assets | 1974 | Civil Code | 12/12/1972 | 12/25/1972 | Positive | Luxembourg granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 1974 | Grand-ducal Regulation of 10 July 1974 on Equal Pay for Men and Women | 12/12/1972 | 12/25/1972 | Positive | Luxembourg introduced new legislation allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1974 | Civil Code | 12/12/1972 | 12/25/1972 | Positive | Luxembourg no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1974 | Civil Code | 12/12/1972 | 12/25/1972 | Positive | Luxembourg reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1974 | Civil Code | 12/12/1972 | 12/25/1972 | Positive | Luxembourg allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Assets | 1975 | Civil Code | 02/04/1974 | 02/25/1974 | Positive | Luxembourg granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Pay | 1976 | Grand-ducal Regulation of 10 July 1974 on Equal Pay for Men and Women | 07/10/1974 | 07/10/1974 | Positive | Luxembourg mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1977 | Social Security Code | 07/03/1975 | 07/10/1975 | Positive | Luxembourg prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1983 | Act of 8 December 1981 Concerning Equal Treatment for Men and Women as Regards Access to Employment, Vocational Training and Promotion, and Working Conditions | 11/24/1981 | 12/08/1981 | Positive | Luxembourg prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2000 | Law of 12 February 1999 concerning the implementation of the national action plan for employment 1998 | 01/01/1991 | 03/02/1999 | Positive | Luxembourg introduced paid parental leave. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2001 | Act of 26 May 2000 on Protection against Sexual Harassment in Labor Relations | 05/26/2000 | 07/04/2000 | Positive | Luxembourg enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Pension | 2002 | Social Security Code | 06/28/2001 | 06/28/2001 | Positive | Luxembourg explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2005 | Domestic Violence Act of 8 September 2003 | 09/08/2003 | 10/07/2003 | Positive | Luxembourg enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Pay | 2008 | Labor Code | 10/24/2007 | 12/28/2007 | Positive | Luxembourg eliminated restrictions on women's employment in mining and in industrial undertakings at night. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2009 | Law of 21 December 2007 transposing Directive 2004/113/EC | 12/21/2007 | 12/24/2007 | Positive | Luxembourg introduced a new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2012 | Labor Code | 08/03/2010 | 08/12/2010 | Positive | Luxembourg introduced paid paternity leave. |
Luxembourg | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2016 | Civil Code | 07/04/2014 | 12/31/2014 | Positive | Luxembourg gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Madagascar | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1977 | Law No. 2003-44 establishing the Labor Code | 05/17/1975 | 05/17/1975 | Positive | Madagascar prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Madagascar | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1996 | Social Security Code | 08/11/1994 | 08/11/1994 | Positive | Madagascar explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Madagascar | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2002 | Law No. 2003-44 establishing the Labor Code | 09/12/2000 | 11/30/2000 | Positive | Madagascar enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Madagascar | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2006 | Law No. 2003-44 establishing the Labor Code | 07/28/2004 | 07/28/2004 | Positive | Madagascar lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Madagascar | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2006 | Law No. 2003-44 establishing the Labor Code | 07/28/2004 | 07/28/2004 | Positive | Madagascar prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Madagascar | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2009 | Law No. 2007-022 of 20 August 2007 Relating to Marriage and Matrimonial Regimes | 06/28/2007 | 08/20/2007 | Positive | Madagascar granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. Madagascar granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Madagascar | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2015 | Social Security Code | 03/14/2013 | 07/02/2013 | Positive | Madagascar equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Madagascar | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2021 | Law No. 2019-008 on Combating Gender-Based Violence | 12/13/2019 | 01/21/2020 | Positive | Madagascar enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Malawi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1995 | Constitution of Malawi | 05/16/1994 | 05/16/1994 | Positive | Malawi's new constitution equalized inheritance rights for male and female surviving spouses. |
Malawi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2001 | Employment Act | 05/14/2000 | 09/01/2000 | Positive | Malawi prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Malawi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2006 | Employment Act | 05/14/2000 | 09/01/2000 | Positive | Malawi mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Malawi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2001 | Employment Act | 05/14/2000 | 05/14/2000 | Positive | Malawi prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Malawi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2001 | Employment Act | 05/14/2000 | 09/01/2000 | Positive | Malawi eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night. |
Malawi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2008 | Law on Gender Equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina | 12/29/2006 | 12/29/2006 | Positive | Malawi enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Malawi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2013 | Pension Act of 7 April 2011 | 04/01/2011 | 06/01/2011 | Positive | Malawi introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Malawi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2014 | Gender Equality Act | 04/19/2013 | 04/01/2014 | Positive | Malawi enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Malawi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2016 | Marriage, Divorce and Family Relations Act | 02/12/2015 | 04/17/2022 | Positive | Malawi passed the Marriage, Divorce and Family Relations Bill, which recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Malawi | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2023 | Employment (Amendment) Act, 2021 | 07/07/2021 | 10/07/2021 | Positive | Malawi introduced paid paternity leave. |
Malaysia | East Asia & Pacific | Assets | 1986 | Islamic Family Law (Federal Territories) Act 1984 | 06/27/1984 | 06/27/1984 | Positive | Malaysia recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Malaysia | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 1996 | Domestic Violence Act 1994 | 07/07/1994 | 06/01/1996 | Positive | Malaysia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Malaysia | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2013 | Employment Act 1955 | 02/09/2012 | 04/01/2012 | Positive | Malaysia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Maldives | South Asia | Parenthood | 2009 | Employment Act | 05/26/2008 | 07/11/2008 | Positive | Maldives prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Maldives | South Asia | Pay | 2009 | Employment Act | 05/26/2008 | 07/11/2008 | Positive | Maldives allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Maldives | South Asia | Workplace | 2009 | Employment Act | 05/26/2008 | 05/26/2008 | Positive | Maldives prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Maldives | South Asia | Parenthood | 2010 | Employment Act | 05/26/2008 | 07/11/2008 | Positive | Maldives introduced paid paternity leave. |
Maldives | South Asia | Pension | 2010 | Maldives Pension Act | 05/13/2009 | 05/13/2009 | Positive | Maldives introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Maldives | South Asia | Marriage | 2013 | Domestic Violence Act | 04/23/2012 | 04/23/2012 | Positive | Maldives enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Maldives | South Asia | Workplace | 2015 | Sexual Harassment and Abuse Prevention Act 2014 | 04/27/2014 | 05/13/2014 | Positive | Maldives enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Maldives | South Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2018 | Gender Equality Act | 08/23/2016 | 08/23/2016 | Positive | Maldives' Gender Equality Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Mali | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1994 | Labor Code | 09/23/1992 | 09/23/1992 | Positive | Mali increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Mali | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2001 | Law No. 99-41 of 12 August 1999 on the Social Security Code | 08/12/1999 | 08/12/1999 | Positive | Mali explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Mali | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2013 | Individual and Family Code | 12/30/2011 | 12/30/2011 | Positive | Mali equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. |
Mali | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2019 | Law No. 2017-021/ of 12 June 2017 Amending Law No. 92-020 of 23 September 1992 on the Labor Code in the Republic of Mali | 06/12/2017 | 06/12/2017 | Positive | Mali enacted legislation that mandates equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Mali | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2019 | Law No. 2017-021/ of 12 June 2017 Amending Law No. 92-020 of 23 September 1992 on the Labor Code in the Republic of Mali | 06/12/2017 | 06/12/2017 | Positive | Mali enacted legislation that prohibits discrimination in employment based on gender. |
Mali | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2019 | InterMinisterial Order n°2017-1670/MSPC-MAECI-MEF-MMEIA-SG of 2 June 2017 determining the conditions for issuing the National Biometric Passport | 06/02/2017 | 06/02/2017 | Positive | Mali allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Entrepreneurship | 1975 | Civil Code | 11/21/1973 | 12/01/1973 | Positive | Malta allowed women to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without their husband's consent. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 1982 | OPM Circular No 103/80 | 12/31/1980 | 12/31/1980 | Positive | Malta allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 1982 | Social Security Act | 04/07/1981 | 04/10/1981 | Positive | Malta prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 1988 | Social Security Act | 01/11/1987 | 01/11/1987 | Negative | Malta set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Assets | 1995 | Civil Code | 08/20/1993 | 08/20/1993 | Positive | Malta granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during the marriage. It also granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 1995 | Civil Code | 08/20/1993 | 08/20/1993 | Positive | Malta allowed women to be head of household. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Mobility | 1995 | Civil Code | 08/20/1993 | 08/20/1993 | Positive | Malta reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2001 | Protection of Maternity (Employment) Regulations | 01/01/2001 | 01/01/2001 | Positive | Malta increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 2003 | Employment and Industrial Relations Act | 12/02/2002 | 12/02/2002 | Positive | Malta mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 2004 | Employment and Industrial Relations Act | 12/02/2002 | 12/02/2002 | Negative | Malta set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2004 | Employment and Industrial Relations Act | 10/25/2002 | 12/02/2002 | Positive | Malta enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2005 | Equality for Men and Women Act | 02/04/2003 | 12/09/2003 | Positive | Malta introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2005 | Equal Treatment in Employment Regulations | 11/05/2004 | 11/05/2004 | Positive | Malta prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2007 | Gender Based Violence and Domestic Violence Act | 12/16/2005 | 02/28/2006 | Positive | Malta enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2009 | Minimum Special Leave Entitlement Regulations | 06/29/2007 | 06/29/2007 | Positive | Malta introduced paid paternity leave. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2013 | Civil Code | 07/29/2011 | 10/01/2011 | Positive | Malta legalized divorce, equally granting the right to both spouses. There is no waiting period before remarriage for either spouse. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 2015 | Equality for Men and Women Act | 02/20/2015 | 02/20/2015 | Positive | Malta equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Malta | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2023 | The Work-Life Balance for Parents and Carers Regulations, 2022 | 07/12/2022 | 08/02/2022 | Positive | Malta introduced paid parental leave. |
Marshall Islands | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2013 | Domestic Violence Prevention and Protection Act 2011 | 09/29/2011 | 10/17/2011 | Positive | Marshall Islands enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Marshall Islands | East Asia & Pacific | Entrepreneurship | 2021 | Gender Equality Act 2019 | 10/01/2019 | 10/01/2020 | Positive | The Marshall Islands made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination when providing financial services. |
Marshall Islands | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2021 | Gender Equality Act 2019 | 10/01/2019 | 10/01/2019 | Positive | The Marshall Islands mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Marshall Islands | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2021 | Gender Equality Act 2019 | 10/01/2019 | 10/01/2019 | Positive | The Marshall Islands prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Mauritania | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1975 | Collective Labor Agreement | 02/13/1974 | 02/13/1974 | Positive | Mauritania introduced paid paternity leave. |
Mauritania | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2016 | Act No. 67-039 of 27 March 1967 establishing a social security scheme | 12/31/2014 | 12/31/2014 | Positive | Mauritania equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1978 | National Pensions Act | 10/22/1976 | 12/01/1976 | Positive | Mauritius introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1981 | Code Civil | 10/31/1980 | 10/31/1980 | Positive | Mauritius granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 1982 | Code Civil | 10/31/1980 | 10/31/1980 | Positive | Mauritius allowed women to be head of household. |
Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 1982 | Code Civil | 10/31/1980 | 10/31/1980 | Positive | Mauritius reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 1999 | Protection from Domestic Violence Act | 05/27/1997 | 08/15/1997 | Positive | Mauritius enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2000 | Criminal Code | 08/18/1998 | 08/22/1998 | Positive | Mauritius enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2010 | Equal Opportunities Act 2008 | 12/30/2008 | 07/04/1905 | Positive | Mauritius' Equal Opportunity Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2010 | Employment Rights Act 2008 | 09/23/2008 | 09/23/2008 | Positive | Mauritius prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2010 | Employment Rights Act 2008 | 09/23/2008 | 09/23/2008 | Positive | Mauritius eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night. |
Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2010 | Equal Opportunities Act 2008 | 12/16/2008 | 12/16/2008 | Positive | Mauritius prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2014 | The Workers’ Rights Act 2019 – Act No. 20 of 2019 | 05/06/2013 | 05/09/2013 | Positive | Mauritius mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Mauritius | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2017 | Employment Rights Act 2008 | 05/14/2015 | 05/14/2015 | Positive | Mauritius increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1976 | Civil Code for the Federal District | 12/31/1974 | 03/03/1975 | Positive | Mexico allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1985 | Civil Code for the Federal District | 12/27/1983 | 12/27/1983 | Positive | Mexico amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1992 | Federal Penal Code | 12/20/1990 | 01/22/1991 | Positive | Mexico enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 2001 | Civil Code for the Federal District | 05/25/2000 | 05/25/2000 | Positive | Mexico recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2001 | Civil Code for the Federal District | 05/25/2000 | 05/25/2000 | Positive | Mexico gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2008 | General Law on Women's Access to a Life Free of Violence | 02/01/2007 | 02/02/2007 | Positive | Mexico enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2010 | Civil Code for the Federal District | 09/18/2008 | 10/03/2008 | Positive | Mexico allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as a man. |
Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2014 | Federal Labor Law | 11/30/2012 | 11/30/2012 | Positive | Mexico prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2014 | Federal Labor Law | 11/13/2012 | 11/13/2012 | Positive | Mexico prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 2015 | General Law for Equality between Women and Men | 10/08/2013 | 11/14/2013 | Positive | Mexico's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Micronesia, Fed. Sts. | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2019 | An Act Adding a New Title 53 of the Pohnpei Code relative to Domestic Issues and Inserting a New Chapter 1 therein relating to Domestic Violence; amending 59 PC 4-101 of the Pohnpei Code to provide consistency therewith; and for other purposes | 11/07/2017 | 12/12/2017 | Positive | Micronesia, Fed. Sts. enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1972 | Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova | 07/15/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Negative | Moldova set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1972 | Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova | 07/15/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Positive | Moldova prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2004 | Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova | 03/28/2003 | 10/01/2003 | Positive | Moldova prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1992 | Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova | 12/05/1990 | 12/05/1990 | Positive | Moldova introduced paid parental leave. |
Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1998 | Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova | 03/04/1997 | 03/04/1997 | Positive | Moldova no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. |
Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2000 | Law on State Pension System | 10/14/1998 | 01/01/1999 | Positive | Moldova explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2004 | Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova | 03/28/2003 | 03/28/2003 | Positive | Moldova mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2007 | Law on State Registration of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs | 02/09/2006 | 02/09/2006 | Positive | Moldova introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2007 | Law on Equal Opportunities for Men and Women | 02/09/2006 | 03/24/2006 | Positive | Moldova enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2009 | Law on Preventing and Combating Family Violence | 03/01/2007 | 09/18/2008 | Positive | Moldova enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2012 | Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova | 07/09/2010 | 09/07/2010 | Positive | Moldova lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2018 | Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova | 04/14/2016 | 05/27/2016 | Positive | Moldova introduced paid paternity leave. |
Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2019 | Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova | 07/20/2017 | 08/25/2017 | Positive | Moldova lifted restrictions on women’s ability to hold jobs deemed dangerous. It also eliminated restrictions on women’s ability to work in certain industries. Now, such restrictions are limited to women who are pregnant, nursing or postpartum. |
Moldova | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2019 | Labor Code of the Republic of Moldova | 07/20/2017 | 08/25/2017 | Negative | Moldova introduced different mandatory retirement ages for women and men. Employers may now terminate the contracts of women at age 58 and 6 months and of men at age 63. The ages are set to equalize in 2028. |
Mongolia | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 1992 | Labor Code | 01/24/1991 | 02/14/1991 | Positive | Mongolia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Mongolia | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 1992 | Labor Code | 05/14/1990 | 07/01/1999 | Positive | Mongolia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Mongolia | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2010 | Order No. 107 of 2008 Workplaces and Occupations that are a General Danger to the Health, Life, Ethics, Safety, and Development of Minors | 09/26/2008 | 09/26/2008 | Positive | Mongolia eliminated all restrictions on women's employment. |
Mongolia | East Asia & Pacific | Entrepreneurship | 2012 | Law on Promotion of Gender Equality | 02/02/2011 | 02/02/2011 | Positive | Mongolia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Mongolia | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2012 | Law on Promotion of Gender Equality | 02/02/2011 | 02/02/2011 | Positive | Mongolia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Mongolia | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2018 | Law on Combating Domestic Violence | 12/22/2016 | 02/01/2007 | Positive | Mongolia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Mongolia | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2019 | Labor Code | 01/01/2018 | 01/01/2018 | Positive | Mongolia introduced paid parental leave. |
Mongolia | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2023 | The Law of Mongolia 07/02/2021 on Labor | 07/02/2021 | 01/01/2022 | Positive | Mongolia introduced paid paternity leave. |
Mongolia | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2023 | The Law of Mongolia 07/02/2021 on Labor | 07/02/2021 | 01/01/2022 | Positive | Mongolia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Montenegro | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1992 | Labor Law | 07/31/1990 | 07/31/1990 | Positive | Montenegro equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Montenegro | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2004 | Law on Pension and Disability Insurance | 04/01/2003 | 04/01/2003 | Positive | Montenegro no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Montenegro | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2005 | Labor Law | 07/09/2003 | 07/09/2003 | Positive | Montenegro prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Montenegro | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2009 | Law on Gender Equality | 07/31/2007 | 08/08/2007 | Positive | Montenegro enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Montenegro | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2012 | Law on Prohibition of Discrimination | 07/27/2010 | 07/27/2010 | Positive | Montenegro's Prohibition of Discrimination Law made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Montenegro | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2012 | Law on Domestic Violence Protection | 07/27/2010 | 08/14/2010 | Positive | Montenegro enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Montenegro | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2012 | Labor Law | 08/15/2008 | 08/08/2008 | Negative | Montenegro set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Montenegro | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2013 | Labor Law | 11/24/2011 | 12/12/2011 | Positive | Montenegro introduced paid parental leave. |
Montenegro | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2014 | Law on Prohibition of Discrimination | 05/29/2012 | 06/04/2012 | Positive | Montenegro enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Montenegro | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2021 | Labor Law | 12/30/2019 | 01/07/2020 | Positive | Montenegro eliminated restrictions on women's employment in industrial jobs such as mining, construction, manufacturing and the water sector. It also removed restrictions on women's employment in jobs deemed dangerous. |
Morocco | Middle East & North Africa | Mobility | 1995 | Circular from the Ministry of the Interior No. 93-77 | 04/19/1994 | 04/19/1994 | Positive | Morocco enacted new legislation which no longer requires a married woman her husband's consent when applying for a passport. |
Morocco | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 1997 | Commercial Code | 08/11/1995 | 08/11/1995 | Positive | Morocco allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Morocco | Middle East & North Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2005 | Law No. 24-03 amended Penal Code | 11/11/2003 | 01/15/2004 | Positive | Morocco amended its Penal Code that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Morocco | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2005 | Family Code | 02/03/2004 | 02/05/2004 | Positive | Morocco allowed women to be head of household. Morocco no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Morocco | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2006 | Labor Code | 09/11/2003 | 11/06/2004 | Positive | Morocco prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Morocco | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 2005 | Labor Code | 09/11/2003 | 09/11/2003 | Positive | Morocco mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Morocco | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2005 | Labor Code | 09/11/2003 | 09/11/2003 | Positive | Morocco prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Morocco | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2005 | Labor Code | 09/11/2003 | 09/11/2003 | Positive | Morocco increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Morocco | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2019 | Act No. 103-13 on combating violence against women | 02/22/2018 | 07/07/2018 | Positive | Morocco enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Mozambique | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1987 | Law No. 23/2007 | 12/14/1985 | 06/14/1986 | Positive | Mozambique prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Mozambique | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2006 | Family Law No. 10/2004 | 08/25/2004 | 02/25/2005 | Positive | Mozambique granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. |
Mozambique | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2006 | Family Law No. 10/2004 | 08/25/2004 | 02/25/2005 | Positive | Mozambique introduced a new Family Law allowing a woman to sing a legally biding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Mozambique | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2006 | The Civil Code of 1966 | 08/25/2004 | 02/25/2005 | Positive | Mozambique allowed women to be head of household and gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Mozambique | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2006 | Family Law No. 10/2004 | 08/25/2004 | 02/25/2005 | Positive | Mozambique introduced a new Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Mozambique | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2006 | Family Law No. 10/2004 | 08/25/2004 | 08/25/2004 | Positive | Mozambique allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Mozambique | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2009 | Law No. 23/2007 | 05/11/2007 | 08/01/2007 | Positive | Mozambique introduced paid paternity leave. It also began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
Mozambique | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2009 | Decree No. 51 | 05/11/2007 | 07/07/2007 | Positive | Mozambique explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Mozambique | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2009 | Law No. 23/2007 | 08/01/2007 | 11/01/2007 | Positive | Mozambique prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Mozambique | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2011 | Law No. 29/2009 | 09/29/2009 | 03/29/2010 | Positive | Mozambique enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Mozambique | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2019 | The Mozambique Code of Conduct for Institutions Credit and Financial Institutions of March 22, 2018 | 03/23/2018 | 03/23/2018 | Positive | Mozambique made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Myanmar | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2014 | Social Security Law 2012 | 08/31/2012 | 08/31/2012 | Positive | Myanmar increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Namibia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1993 | Labor Act | 03/13/1992 | 04/08/1992 | Positive | Namibia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Namibia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1993 | Labor Act | 04/08/1992 | 04/16/1992 | Positive | Namibia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Namibia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1996 | Social Security Act 34 of 1994 | 11/30/1994 | 01/15/1995 | Positive | Namibia began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
Namibia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1997 | Married Person Equality Act of 1996 | 05/20/1996 | 05/28/1996 | Positive | Namibia removed the husband's marital power, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Namibia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 1997 | Married Person Equality Act of 1996 | 05/20/1996 | 05/28/1996 | Positive | Namibia enacted the Married Persons Equality Act abolishing the marital power provision to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Namibia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 1997 | Married Person Equality Act of 1996 | 05/20/1996 | 05/28/1996 | Positive | Namibia allowed women to be head of household. |
Namibia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 1997 | Married Person Equality Act of 1996 | 05/20/1996 | 05/28/1996 | Positive | Namibia introduced the Married Persons Equality Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Namibia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1997 | Married Person Equality Act of 1996 | 05/20/1996 | #N/A | Positive | Namibia allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Namibia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2005 | Combating of Domestic Violence Act, 2003 | 07/25/2003 | 11/17/2003 | Positive | Namibia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Namibia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2009 | Labor Act | 12/21/2007 | 11/01/2008 | Positive | Namibia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Namibia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2009 | Labor Act | 12/21/2007 | 11/01/2008 | Positive | Namibia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Nepal | South Asia | Assets | 2003 | The National Civil (Code) Act | 03/14/2002 | 03/14/2002 | Positive | Nepal granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Nepal | South Asia | Marriage | 2008 | Act to Amend Some Nepal Acts for Maintaining Gender Equality, 2063 (2006) | 09/28/2006 | 09/28/2006 | Positive | Nepal allowed women to be head of household. |
Nepal | South Asia | Marriage | 2010 | Domestic Violence (Crime and Punishment) Act, 2066 of 2009 | 04/27/2009 | 04/27/2009 | Positive | Nepal enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Nepal | South Asia | Workplace | 2016 | The Sexual Harassment at Workplace (Prevention) Act, 2014 (2071) | 11/21/2014 | 02/20/2015 | Positive | Nepal enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Nepal | South Asia | Assets | 2019 | The National Civil (Code) Act | 10/16/2017 | 08/17/2018 | Positive | Nepal equalized inheritance rights for sons and daughters and for male and female surviving spouses. |
Nepal | South Asia | Marriage | 2019 | The National Civil (Code) Act | 10/16/2017 | 08/17/2018 | Positive | Nepal allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as a man. |
Nepal | South Asia | Mobility | 2019 | The National Civil (Code) Act | 08/02/2017 | 08/17/2018 | Negative | Nepal introduced a provision that restricts women from choosing where to live in the same way as men. |
Nepal | South Asia | Parenthood | 2019 | Labor Act 2017 | 09/04/2017 | 09/04/2017 | Positive | Nepal introduced 15 days of paid paternity leave. |
Nepal | South Asia | Pay | 2019 | Labor Act 2017 | 09/04/2017 | 09/04/2017 | Positive | Nepal lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night. It also mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Nepal | South Asia | Workplace | 2019 | Labor Act 2017 | 09/04/2017 | 09/04/2017 | Positive | Nepal enacted new legislation that prohibits discrimination in employment based on gender. |
Nepal | South Asia | Parenthood | 2020 | Social Security Act 2018 | 11/22/2018 | 11/22/2018 | Positive | Nepal increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Nepal | South Asia | Pension | 2020 | Social Security Act 2018 | 11/19/2018 | 11/19/2018 | Positive | Nepal adopted its first old age pension system that allows both women and men to retire with full pension benefits at age 60. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Netherlands | High income: OECD | Pay | 1976 | Council Directive of 10 February 1975 on the Approximation of the Laws of the Member States relating to the Application of the Principle of Equal Pay for Men and Women | 03/20/1975 | 03/20/1975 | Positive | The Netherlands mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Netherlands | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1981 | Equal Treatment Act | 03/01/1980 | 03/14/1980 | Positive | The Netherlands prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Netherlands | High income: OECD | Pay | 1987 | An Act to Amend the Labour Act 1919 by Making Provisions in Connection with the Cancellation of the Ban on Night Work by Women in Factories or Workplaces | 05/05/1986 | 05/05/1986 | Positive | The Netherlands eliminated restrictions on women's ability to work at night in factories and other industrial workplaces. |
Netherlands | High income: OECD | Pay | 1990 | Council Directive 76/207/EEC of 9 February 1976 on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions | 04/11/1989 | 04/11/1989 | Positive | The Netherlands lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Netherlands | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1991 | Dutch Civil Code | 02/03/1990 | 02/22/1990 | Positive | The Netherlands prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Netherlands | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 1995 | Equal Treatment Act | 03/02/1994 | 03/02/1994 | Positive | The Netherlands' Equal Treatment Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Netherlands | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2000 | Working Conditions Act | 03/18/1999 | 03/29/1999 | Positive | The Netherlands enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Netherlands | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2008 | Working Conditions Act | 11/03/2006 | 01/01/2007 | Positive | The Netherlands adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Netherlands | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2010 | Work and Care Act | 06/10/2009 | 06/10/2009 | Positive | The Netherlands introduced paid paternity leave. |
Netherlands | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2016 | Social Support Act 2015 | 07/09/2014 | #N/A | Positive | The Netherlands enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Netherlands | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2023 | Decree of 26 April 2022 | 04/26/2022 | 08/02/2022 | Positive | The Netherlands introduced paid parental leave. |
New Zealand | High income: OECD | Assets | 1978 | Married Women's Property Act | 12/14/1976 | 02/01/1977 | Positive | New Zealand explicitly recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
New Zealand | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1978 | Domicile Act of 1976 | 08/31/1976 | 08/31/1976 | Positive | New Zealand introduced the Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
New Zealand | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1979 | Human Rights Act 1993 | 11/21/1977 | 11/21/1977 | Positive | New Zealand prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
New Zealand | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1982 | Maternity Leave and Employment Protection Act 1980 | 01/13/1981 | 04/01/1981 | Positive | New Zealand prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
New Zealand | High income: OECD | Pay | 1983 | Factories and Commercial Premises Act 1981 | 03/23/1981 | 03/23/1982 | Positive | New Zealand lifted the ban on women's employment |
New Zealand | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1988 | Labour Relations Act 1987 | 05/27/1987 | 08/01/1987 | Positive | New Zealand enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
New Zealand | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 1995 | Property (Relationships) Act of 1976 | 08/10/1993 | 02/01/1994 | Positive | New Zealand introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
New Zealand | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1997 | Family Violence (Amendments) Act 2018 | 12/15/1995 | #N/A | Positive | New Zealand enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
New Zealand | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2003 | Parental Leave and Employment Protection Act 1987 | 03/30/2002 | 07/01/2002 | Positive | New Zealand's government began administering maternity benefits. |
New Zealand | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2007 | Parental Leave and Employment Protection Act 1987 | 12/01/2004 | 12/01/2005 | Positive | New Zealand increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
New Zealand | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2017 | Parental Leave and Employment Protection Act 1987 | 03/17/2016 | 04/01/2016 | Positive | New Zealand introduced paid parental leave. |
New Zealand | High income: OECD | Pay | 2021 | Equal Pay Amendment Act 2020 | 08/06/2020 | 10/31/2020 | Positive | New Zealand mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Nicaragua | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1983 | GENERAL REGULATION OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY Law (Executive Decree No. 7 of 1956) | 02/11/1982 | 03/01/1982 | Negative | Nicaragua no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Nicaragua | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1989 | Family Code | 04/28/1988 | 04/29/1988 | Positive | Nicaragua recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions, including domestic work. |
Nicaragua | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1989 | Family Code | 04/28/1988 | 04/29/1988 | Positive | Nicaragua allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
Nicaragua | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1998 | Labor Code | 09/05/1996 | 10/30/1996 | Positive | Nicaragua prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Nicaragua | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2009 | Penal Code | 05/09/2008 | 07/08/2008 | Positive | Nicaragua enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Nicaragua | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2009 | Penal Code | 11/16/2007 | 11/23/2007 | Positive | Nicaragua enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Nicaragua | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 2015 | Law No. 842 on the Protection of the Rights of Consumers and Users | 06/13/2013 | 06/13/2013 | Positive | Nicaragua's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Nicaragua | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2016 | Family Code | 06/24/2014 | 08/27/2014 | Positive | Nicaragua allowed women to be head of household and gave them the same rights to remarry as men. |
Nicaragua | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 2016 | Family Code | 06/24/2014 | 04/08/2015 | Positive | Nicaragua introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Nicaragua | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2016 | Family Code | 06/24/2014 | 04/08/2015 | Positive | Nicaragua introduced paid paternity leave. |
Niger | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1974 | Interprofessional collective agreement of 15 December 1972 Notice relating to the extension of the interprofessional collective agreement | 12/15/1972 | 05/10/1973 | Positive | Niger introduced paid paternity leave. |
Niger | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1998 | Law No. 2012-45 on the Labor Code | 06/29/1996 | 06/29/1996 | Positive | Niger prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Niger | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 1998 | Law No. 2012-45 on the Labor Code | 06/29/1996 | 06/29/1996 | Positive | Niger mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Niger | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1998 | Law No. 2012-45 on the Labor Code | 06/29/1996 | 06/29/1996 | Positive | Niger prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Niger | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2005 | Penal Code of Niger (2003) as amended by Law No. 2008-18 | 06/13/2003 | 04/07/2004 | Positive | Niger enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Niger | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2019 | Decree No. 2017-682/PRN/MET/PS of 10 August 2017 on the regulatory part of the Labor Code | 08/10/2017 | 08/10/2017 | Positive | Niger removed restrictions on women’s employment in mining, construction and manufacturing. Women can now work in these industries in the same way as men. |
Nigeria | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1973 | Administration of Estates Law of Lagos | 05/25/1905 | 05/25/1905 | Positive | Nigeria equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. |
Nigeria | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2008 | Lagos State of Nigeria a Law to provide protection against domestic violence and for connected purposes | 05/18/2007 | 05/18/2007 | Positive | Nigeria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Nigeria | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2013 | A Bill for a Law to provide rules on criminal conduct, regulate public order and for connected purposes | 08/08/2011 | 08/08/2011 | Positive | Nigeria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Nigeria | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2022 | Passport application procedures | 11/03/2020 | 11/03/2020 | Positive | Nigeria allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men. |
North Macedonia | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2007 | Criminal Code | 07/22/2005 | 07/30/2005 | Positive | North Macedonia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
North Macedonia | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1995 | Criminal Code | 12/27/1993 | 12/27/1993 | Positive | North Macedonia equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
North Macedonia | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2004 | Act of 31 March 2003 to Amend and Supplement the Labour Relations Act | 03/31/2003 | 04/16/2003 | Positive | North Macedonia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
North Macedonia | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2007 | Law on Equal Opportunities for Men and Women | 05/29/2006 | 06/06/2006 | Positive | North Macedonia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
North Macedonia | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2010 | Criminal Code | 07/10/2009 | 07/10/2009 | Positive | North Macedonia introduced paid paternity leave. |
North Macedonia | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2011 | Law on Ownership and Other Real Rights | 04/08/2010 | 04/13/2010 | Positive | North Macedonia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
North Macedonia | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2016 | Law on Prevention, Suppression and Protection from Domestic Violence | 09/17/2014 | 01/01/2015 | Positive | North Macedonia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Norway | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1978 | Holidays Act No. 21 of 1988 | 04/21/1978 | 05/05/1978 | Positive | Norway prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It began administering maternity benefits. It also introduced paid parental leave. |
Norway | High income: OECD | Pay | 1980 | Act (No. 45 of 1978) relating to Gender Equality (Gender Equality Act) | 06/09/1978 | 06/09/1978 | Positive | Norway mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Norway | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1980 | Act on Gender Equality (the Gender Equality Act) | 06/09/1978 | 06/09/1978 | Positive | Norway prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Norway | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1993 | Marriage Act | 07/04/1991 | 01/01/1993 | Positive | Norway gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Norway | High income: OECD | Pension | 1993 | Care Credits Program 1992 | 08/31/1992 | 08/31/1992 | Positive | Norway explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Norway | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1994 | National Insurance Act | 05/27/1995 | 05/27/1995 | Positive | Norway introduced paid paternity leave. |
Norway | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2004 | Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act | 06/14/2002 | 07/01/2002 | Positive | Norway enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Norway | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2010 | Amendment Act to the Criminal Code No. 28 of 20 May 2005 | 06/19/2009 | 06/19/2009 | Positive | Norway enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Oman | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 1993 | Social Insurance Law | 07/02/1991 | 07/02/1991 | Positive | Oman introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Oman | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2004 | Labor Law | 04/26/2003 | 06/03/2003 | Positive | Oman enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Oman | Middle East & North Africa | Mobility | 2022 | Passport Application Procedures | 01/01/2021 | 01/01/2021 | Positive | Oman allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men. |
Pakistan | South Asia | Pension | 1977 | Employees Old Age Benefits Act | 04/05/1976 | 04/19/1976 | Positive | Pakistan introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Pakistan | South Asia | Entrepreneurship | 1986 | Companies Act of 2017 | 10/08/1984 | 10/08/1984 | Negative | Pakistan introduced a new companies law that prescribes additional procedures for women when registering a business compared to men. |
Pakistan | South Asia | Pension | 1988 | Employees Old Age Benefits Act | 06/29/1986 | 07/01/1986 | Negative | Pakistan set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Pakistan | South Asia | Workplace | 2011 | The Protection Against Harassment of Women at the Workplace Act 2010 | 03/11/2010 | 03/11/2010 | Positive | Pakistan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Pakistan | South Asia | Marriage | 2014 | The Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act, 2013 | 03/12/2013 | 03/12/2013 | Positive | Pakistan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Pakistan | South Asia | Workplace | 2018 | The Sindh Terms of Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 2015. Sindh Act No. XI of 2016. | 04/12/2016 | 04/12/2016 | Positive | Pakistan prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Pakistan | South Asia | Parenthood | 2019 | The Sindh Maternity Benefits Act | 05/23/2018 | 05/23/2018 | Positive | Pakistan increased the duration of paid maternity leave from 84 to 112 days. |
Pakistan | South Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2021 | Companies (Amendment) Ordinance | 05/05/2020 | 05/05/2020 | Positive | Pakistan allowed women to register a business in the same way as a men. |
Pakistan | South Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2022 | The Companies (Amendment) Bill, 2020 | 08/26/2020 | 08/26/2020 | Negative | Pakistan failed to convert into law a decree that would permanently equalize men’s and women’s ability to register a business. |
Pakistan | South Asia | Pay | 2022 | The Sindh Shops and Commercial Establishment (Amendment) Act, 2021. Sindh Act No.XXV of 2021. | 07/05/2021 | 07/28/2021 | Positive | Pakistan lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Pakistan | South Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2023 | Companies (Amendment) Act, 2021 | 12/04/2021 | 12/04/2021 | Positive | Pakistan allowed women to register a business in the same way as men. |
Palau | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2014 | Palau Family Protection Act | 11/01/2012 | 11/13/2012 | Positive | Palau enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Panama | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1995 | Family Code | 04/27/1994 | 05/17/1994 | Positive | Panama recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Panama | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1995 | Family Code | 04/27/1994 | 05/17/1994 | Positive | Panama allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
Panama | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1995 | Family Code | 04/27/1994 | 05/17/1994 | Positive | Panama allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men. |
Panama | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 1996 | Family Code | 10/17/1994 | 10/17/1994 | Positive | Panama allowed women to register a business in the same way as men. |
Panama | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 1996 | Judgment of the Supreme Court of Justice (Panama), 3rd Administrative and Labor Contentious, August 2, 1994 | 04/29/1994 | 04/29/1994 | Positive | Panama removed ban on women's employment in mining and construction. |
Panama | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1996 | Supreme Court Decision of July 12 of 1994 - Action of Unconstitutionality formulated by Lcda. MariBlanca against Art. 31 of Commercial Code.; Supreme Court of Justice - October 1994 - Action of Unconstitutionality formulated by Lcda. Mill against Arts. 1, 2, and 57 of the Commercial Code | 10/17/1994 | 10/17/1994 | Positive | Panama allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Panama | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1997 | Labor Code | 08/12/1995 | 08/14/1995 | Positive | Panama enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
Panama | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2003 | Law No. 38 of 2001 | 07/10/2001 | 07/23/2001 | Positive | Panama enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Panama | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2006 | Law No. 11 of 2005 on prohibiting labor discrimination | 04/22/2005 | 04/22/2005 | Positive | Panama prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Panama | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2015 | Law No. 82 of 2013 | 10/04/2013 | 10/24/2013 | Positive | Panama adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Panama | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2018 | Law No. 27 of 2017 | 05/23/2017 | 05/24/2017 | Positive | Panama introduced paid paternity leave. |
Papua New Guinea | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 1980 | Employment Act 1978 | 08/21/1978 | 01/01/1981 | Positive | Papua New Guinea prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Papua New Guinea | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 1982 | Superannuation Regulation 2002 | 01/01/1980 | 01/01/1980 | Positive | Papua New Guinea introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Papua New Guinea | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2015 | Family Protection Act 2013 | 09/18/2013 | 03/11/2014 | Positive | Papua New Guinea enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Paraguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 1976 | Labor Code | 12/27/1974 | 02/25/1975 | Positive | Paraguay lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Paraguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1987 | Law No. 1/92 on the Partial Reform of the Civil Code | 12/18/1985 | 12/23/1985 | Positive | Paraguay introduced a Civil Code allowing a woman choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Paraguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1994 | Law No. 1/92 on the Partial Reform of the Civil Code | 07/15/1992 | 07/15/1992 | Positive | Paraguay granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Paraguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 1994 | Law No. 1/92 on the Partial Reform of the Civil Code | 07/15/1992 | 07/15/1992 | Positive | Paraguay amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to register a business in the same way as a man without her husband's consent. |
Paraguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1994 | Law No. 45/91 Establishing the Tied Divorce of Marriage | 10/01/1991 | 10/01/1991 | Positive | Paraguay allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men and gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Paraguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1994 | Law No. 213 established the Labor Code | 10/29/1993 | 10/29/1993 | Positive | Paraguay allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. It also prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Paraguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 1995 | Law that Modifies the Law that Establishes the Labor Code_2021 | 06/29/1993 | 10/29/1993 | Positive | Paraguay mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night. |
Paraguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1999 | Penal Code | 10/26/1997 | 11/26/1997 | Positive | Paraguay enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Paraguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 2000 | Law No. 1.334/98 on Consumer and User Protection | 10/27/1998 | 10/30/1998 | Positive | Paraguay introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Paraguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2002 | Law No. 1600 against domestic violence | 09/21/2000 | #N/A | Positive | Paraguay enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Paraguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2017 | Law Nº 5508 / PROMOTION, PROTECTION OF MATERNITY AND SUPPORT FOR BREASTFEEDING | 10/28/2015 | 10/29/2015 | Positive | Paraguay increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1986 | Civil Code | 07/24/1984 | 11/14/1984 | Positive | Peru's new Civil Code granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. It also recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1986 | Civil Code | 07/24/1984 | 11/14/1984 | Positive | Peru allowed women to be head of household. |
Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1986 | Civil Code | 07/24/1984 | 11/14/1984 | Positive | Peru introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1986 | Civil Code | 07/25/1984 | 11/14/1984 | Positive | Peru allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1993 | Legislative Decree Num. 728, which enacts the employment promotion Law | 11/08/1991 | 12/20/1991 | Negative | Peru set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1995 | Law No. 26260 on Protection from Family Violence | 12/08/1993 | 12/25/1993 | Positive | Peru enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1997 | Law No. 26504 Modifies the Health Benefits Regime, the National Pension System, the Private Pension Funds and the structure of contributions to FONAVI | 07/17/1995 | 07/18/1995 | Positive | Peru equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1998 | Supreme Decree No. 003-97-TR Labor Productivity and Competitiveness Law | 03/21/1997 | 03/28/1997 | Positive | Peru prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1998 | Supreme Decree No. 003-97-TR Labor Productivity and Competitiveness Law | 03/21/1997 | 03/28/1997 | Positive | Peru equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1998 | Law No. 26772 provides that offers of employment and access to educational training may not contain requirements that constitute discrimination, annulment or alteration of equal opportunities or treatment | 03/26/1997 | 04/17/1997 | Positive | Peru prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 2000 | Consumer Protection and Defense Code | 12/28/1998 | 12/31/1998 | Positive | Peru's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2004 | Law No. 27942 Law on the Prevention and Punishment of Sexual Harassment | 02/26/2003 | 02/27/2003 | Positive | Peru enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 2008 | Law No. 28983 Law on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men | 03/16/2007 | 03/17/2007 | Positive | Peru mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2011 | Law No. 30807 of 4 July 2018, amending Law No. 29409, which grants the right to paternity leave to workers in the public and private sectors | 09/18/2009 | 09/19/2009 | Positive | Peru introduced paid paternity leave. |
Peru | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2017 | Law No. 30367 Law PROTECTING THE MOTHER WORKER AGAINST AARBITRARY DISMISSAL AND EXTENDING HER RESTING PERIOD | 11/06/2015 | 11/25/2015 | Positive | Peru increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Philippines | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 1974 | Presidential Decree No. 24, s. 1972 | 10/19/1972 | 10/19/1972 | Positive | The Philippines's social security system began administering maternity benefits. |
Philippines | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 1975 | Labor Code | 05/01/1974 | 05/01/1974 | Positive | The Philippines prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Philippines | East Asia & Pacific | Entrepreneurship | 1989 | Family Code | 06/06/1987 | 06/06/1987 | Positive | The Philippines introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, open a bank account, and register a business in the same way as a man without her husband's consent. |
Philippines | East Asia & Pacific | Mobility | 1989 | Family Code | 06/06/1987 | 06/06/1987 | Positive | The Philippines introduced a Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Philippines | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 1989 | Family Code | 07/06/1987 | 07/21/1987 | Positive | The Philippines allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Philippines | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 1990 | Labor Code | 05/12/1989 | 05/27/1989 | Positive | The Philippines mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Philippines | East Asia & Pacific | Entrepreneurship | 1993 | Women in Development and Nation Building Act (Republic Act No. 7192) | 12/11/1991 | 12/11/1991 | Positive | The Philippines introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Philippines | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 1996 | Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 (Republic Act No. 7877) | 02/14/1995 | 03/05/1995 | Positive | The Philippines enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Philippines | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 1998 | Paternity Leave Act of 1996 (Republic Act No. 8187) | 06/11/1996 | 07/07/1996 | Positive | The Philippines introduced paid paternity leave. |
Philippines | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2005 | Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 (Republic Act No. 9262) | 03/08/2004 | 03/27/2004 | Positive | The Philippines enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Philippines | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2013 | Republic Act No. 10151 An Act Allowing the Employment of Night Workers, thereby Repealing Articles 130 and 131 of Presidential Decree Number Four Hundred Forty-two, as Amended, Otherwise Known as the Labor Code of the Philippines | 06/21/2011 | 07/06/2011 | Positive | The Philippines eliminated restrictions on women's ability to work in industrial undertakings at night. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Philippines | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2020 | 105-Day Expanded Maternity Leave Law (Republic Act No. 11210) | 02/20/2019 | 03/07/2019 | Negative | The Philippines enacted legislation that obliges employers to share in the administration of maternity benefits. |
Philippines | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2020 | 105-Day Expanded Maternity Leave Law (Republic Act No. 11210) | 02/20/2019 | 03/07/2019 | Positive | The Philippines extended the duration of paid maternity leave from 60 to 105 days. |
Poland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1974 | Act of 26 June 1974 - Labor Code | 07/06/1972 | 07/06/1972 | Positive | Poland increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Poland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1976 | Act of 26 June 1974 - Labor Code | 06/26/1974 | 06/26/1974 | Positive | Poland prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Poland | High income: OECD | Pension | 1976 | Act of 26 June 1974 - Labor Code | 06/26/1974 | 06/26/1974 | Negative | Poland set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Poland | High income: OECD | Pension | 1984 | Act of 14 December 1982 on Pension Supply to Employees and Their Families | 12/14/1982 | 12/14/1982 | Negative | Poland set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Poland | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1999 | Act of 29 July 2005 on Counteracting Domestic Violence | 06/06/1997 | 09/01/1998 | Positive | Poland enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Poland | High income: OECD | Pension | 2000 | Act of 17 December 1998 on Old-Age and Disability Pensions from Social Insurance | 12/17/1998 | 12/17/1998 | Positive | Poland no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Poland | High income: OECD | Pay | 2009 | Act of 3 December 2010 on Implementation of Certain European Union Provisions in Equal Treatment | 10/21/2009 | 10/21/2009 | Positive | Poland mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Poland | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2010 | Act of 3 December 2010 on Implementation of Certain European Union Provisions in Equal Treatment | 11/21/2008 | 11/21/2008 | Positive | Poland enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Poland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2011 | Act of 3 December 2010 on Implementation of Certain European Union Provisions in Equal Treatment | 11/25/2010 | 11/28/2010 | Positive | Poland introduced paid paternity leave. |
Poland | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2012 | Act of 3 December 2010 on Implementation of Certain European Union Provisions in Equal Treatment | 12/03/2010 | 01/01/2011 | Positive | Poland's Equal Treatment Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Poland | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2012 | Act of 3 December 2010 on Implementation of Certain European Union Provisions in Equal Treatment | 12/10/2010 | 01/01/2011 | Positive | Poland prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Poland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2014 | Act of 26 June 1974 - Labor Code | 03/17/2013 | 03/17/2013 | Positive | Poland introduced paid parental leave. |
Poland | High income: OECD | Pension | 2014 | Act of 17 December 1998 on Old-Age and Disability Pensions from Social Insurance | 05/11/2012 | 05/11/2012 | Negative | Poland set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Poland | High income: OECD | Pay | 2018 | Act of 26 June 1974 - Labor Code | 08/03/2016 | 08/03/2016 | Positive | Poland allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also removed all restrictions on women's employment. |
Poland | High income: OECD | Pension | 2018 | Act of 17 December 1998 on Old-Age and Disability Pensions from Social Insurance | 11/16/2016 | 01/05/2017 | Positive | Poland no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Assets | 1979 | Constitution of the Portuguese Republic | 10/06/1977 | 04/01/1978 | Positive | Portugal granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 1979 | Portuguese Civil Code | 11/25/1977 | 04/01/1978 | Positive | Portugal amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1979 | Portuguese Civil Code | 11/25/1977 | 04/01/1978 | Positive | Portugal allowed women to be head of household. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1979 | Portuguese Civil Code | 11/25/1977 | 04/01/1978 | Positive | Portugal reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1979 | Decree-Law No. 496/77 of November 25 1977 | 11/25/1977 | 04/01/1978 | Positive | Portugal allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Pay | 1981 | Labor Code | 08/31/1979 | 09/20/1979 | Positive | Portugal mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1990 | Decree-Law No. 83/2000 | 10/15/1988 | 01/01/1989 | Positive | Portugal introduced new legislation which no longer establishes differences in the application procedures for a married woman when applying for a passport. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Pension | 1995 | Decree-Law No. 91/2009 | 09/25/1993 | 01/01/1994 | Positive | Portugal explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1996 | Penal Code | 03/15/1995 | 10/01/1995 | Positive | Portugal enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1997 | Decree-Law No. 91/2009 | 06/09/1995 | 06/09/1995 | Positive | Portugal increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2001 | Decree-Law No. 91/2009 | 08/31/1999 | 08/31/1999 | Positive | Portugal introduced paid paternity leave. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Pay | 2005 | Labor Code | 08/27/2003 | 08/27/2003 | Positive | Portugal removed restrictions on women's employment in industrial undertakings. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2005 | Labor Code | 08/27/2003 | 12/01/2003 | Positive | Portugal enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2006 | Law No. 99/2003 Approving the Labor Code | 08/06/2003 | 08/27/2003 | Positive | Portugal prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2009 | Law No. 14/2008 | 03/12/2008 | 03/15/2008 | Positive | Portugal introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2010 | Labor Code | 02/12/2009 | 02/12/2009 | Positive | Portugal introduced paid parental leave. |
Portugal | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2021 | Law No. 85/2019 | 08/06/2019 | 10/01/2019 | Positive | Portugal gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Puerto Rico | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 1976 | Equal Credit Opportunity | 10/28/1974 | 10/28/1974 | Positive | Puerto Rico's Equal Credit Opportunity Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Puerto Rico | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1978 | Civil Code | 06/02/1976 | 04/02/1976 | Positive | Puerto Rico made both spouses administrators of marital property, granting them equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Puerto Rico | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1978 | Civil Code | 06/02/1976 | 04/02/1976 | Positive | Puerto Rico no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Puerto Rico | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1978 | Civil Code | 06/02/1976 | 04/02/1976 | Positive | Puerto Rico reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Puerto Rico | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1989 | Law No. 17 of 22 April 1988 | 04/22/1988 | 06/21/1988 | Positive | Puerto Rico enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Puerto Rico | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1991 | Law No. 54 of 1989 (Domestic Violence Law) | 08/15/1989 | 08/15/1989 | Positive | Puerto Rico enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Puerto Rico | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2021 | Civil Code | 06/01/2020 | 06/01/2020 | Positive | Puerto Rico gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Qatar | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 2006 | Law No. (14) of 2004 promulgating the Labor Law | 05/19/2004 | 05/19/2004 | Negative | Qatar prohibited women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Qatar | Middle East & North Africa | Mobility | 2008 | Law No. (5) of 2007 amending some provisions of Decree-Law No. (14) of 1993 regarding passports | 05/13/2007 | 05/13/2007 | Positive | Qatar introduced new legal amendments which no longer requires a married woman her guardian's consent when applying for a passport. |
Romania | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 1973 | Law Number: 10 of 25/11/72 Labor Code | 11/25/1972 | 03/01/1973 | Positive | Romania prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Romania | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1974 | Law Number: 10 of 25/11/72 Labor Code | 11/25/1972 | 02/25/1973 | Negative | Romania set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Romania | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2001 | Law No. 210 of 31 December 1999 on Parental Leave | 12/15/1999 | 12/31/1999 | Positive | Romania introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave. |
Romania | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2003 | Law No. 202 of 19 April 2002 on Equal Opportunities Between Women and Men | 04/19/2002 | 05/19/2002 | Positive | Romania mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Romania | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2003 | Law No. 202 of 19 April 2002 on Equal Opportunities Between Women and Men | 05/08/2002 | 06/07/2002 | Positive | Romania enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Romania | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2004 | Law No.217 of 22 May 2003 on Preventing and Combatting Domestic Violence | 05/22/2003 | 08/27/2003 | Positive | Romania enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Romania | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2004 | Law No. 202 of 19 April 2002 on Equal Opportunities Between Women and Men | 01/24/2003 | 03/01/2003 | Positive | Romania prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Romania | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2004 | Labor Code of 2003 | 01/24/2003 | 03/01/2003 | Positive | Romania lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Romania | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2008 | Law No. 202 of 19 April 2002 on Equal Opportunities Between Women and Men | 07/14/2006 | 09/15/2006 | Positive | Romania's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Russian Federation | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1972 | The Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of July 15, 1970 on the Approval of the Fundamentals of Labour Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics | 07/01/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Negative | The Russian Federation set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Russian Federation | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1973 | Labor Code of the Russian Federation | 12/09/1971 | 04/01/1972 | Positive | The Russian Federation prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Russian Federation | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 1973 | Labor Code of the Russian Federation | 12/09/1971 | 04/01/1972 | Positive | The Russian Federation prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Russian Federation | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1992 | Law on State Pensions in the Russian Federation | 11/20/1990 | 11/20/1990 | Positive | The Russian Federation explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Russian Federation | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1993 | Labor Code of the Russian Federation | 03/12/1992 | 03/12/1992 | Positive | The Russian Federation no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. |
Russian Federation | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1994 | Law of the Russian Federation On the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to the Code of Labor Laws of the RSFSR | 09/25/1992 | 10/06/1992 | Positive | The Russian Federation introduced paid parental leave. |
Russian Federation | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2003 | Labor Code of the Russian Federation | 12/30/2001 | 02/01/2002 | Positive | The Russian Federation lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. It also mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Rwanda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2001 | Law No. 22 of 1999 amended Civil Code | 11/12/1999 | 11/15/1999 | Positive | Rwanda reformed its Civil Code, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equalizing inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. |
Rwanda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2003 | Law No. 51/2001 of 30/12/2001 Establishing the New Labour Code | 12/30/2001 | 12/30/2001 | Positive | Rwanda allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night. |
Rwanda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2003 | Law No. 51/2001 of 30/12/2001 Establishing the New Labour Code | 12/30/2001 | 12/30/2001 | Positive | Rwanda prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Rwanda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2004 | Ministerial Order No. 3 of 13/7/2010 on determining circumstantial leaves | 03/14/2003 | 03/14/2003 | Positive | Rwanda introduced paid paternity leave. |
Rwanda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2010 | Law on Prevention and Punishment of Gender-Based Violence | 07/15/2008 | 09/10/2008 | Positive | Rwanda enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Rwanda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2010 | Law on Prevention and Punishment of Gender-Based Violence | 09/10/2008 | 04/06/2009 | Positive | Rwanda enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Rwanda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2018 | Law Governing Persons and Family | 08/28/2016 | 09/12/2016 | Positive | Rwanda allowed women to be head of household. |
Rwanda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2018 | Law Governing Persons and Family | 08/28/2016 | 09/12/2016 | Positive | Rwanda introduced new legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Rwanda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2020 | Law No. 66/2018 of 30/08/2018 Regulating Labor in Rwanda | 08/30/2018 | 09/06/2018 | Positive | Rwanda introduced equal remuneration for work of equal value |
Rwanda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2021 | Law No. 001/2020 of 02/02/2020 Amending Law No. 32/2016 of 28/08/2016 governing persons and family | 02/02/2020 | 02/17/2020 | Positive | Rwanda gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Samoa | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 1973 | National Provident Fund Act | 03/23/1972 | 03/23/1972 | Positive | Samoa introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Samoa | East Asia & Pacific | Assets | 2012 | Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Ordinance 1961 | 08/16/2010 | 08/16/2010 | Positive | Samoa recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions, including unpaid work caring for family members. |
Samoa | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2014 | Family Safety Act 2013 | 04/05/2013 | 06/01/2013 | Positive | Samoa enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Samoa | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2014 | Labor and Employment Relations Act 2013 | 04/05/2013 | 04/05/2013 | Positive | Samoa prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Samoa | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2014 | Labor and Employment Relations Act 2013 | 04/05/2013 | 04/05/2013 | Positive | Samoa lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Samoa | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2014 | Labor and Employment Relations Act 2013 | 04/05/2013 | 04/05/2013 | Positive | Samoa prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
San Marino | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 1982 | Law No. 40 of 25 March 1981 | 05/24/1981 | 06/04/1981 | Positive | San Marino prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
San Marino | Europe & Central Asia | Assets | 1987 | Law No. 49 of 26 April 1986, Reform of Family Law | 04/26/1986 | 04/26/1986 | Positive | San Marino recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
San Marino | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 1987 | Law No. 49 of 26 April 1986, Reform of Family Law | 04/26/1986 | 04/26/1986 | Positive | San Marino allowed women to be head of household. San Marino legalized divorce, allowing women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
San Marino | Europe & Central Asia | Mobility | 1987 | Law No. 49 of 26 April 1986, Reform of Family Law | 04/26/1986 | 04/26/1986 | Positive | San Marino reformed its Family Law removing restriction for a married woman to choose where to live and leave the marital home without her husband's permission. |
San Marino | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 1987 | Law No. 49 of 26 April 1986, Reform of Family Law | 04/26/1986 | 07/01/1986 | Positive | San Marino allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
San Marino | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2009 | Law No. 97 of 20 June 2008 | 06/18/2008 | 06/23/2008 | Positive | San Marino enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 1977 | Law No.25/75 | 12/15/1975 | 12/15/1975 | Positive | São Tomé and Príncipe enacted new legislation which no longer establishes differences in the application procedures for a married woman when applying for a passport. |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1979 | Law No. 2/1977 - Regulation of Family Institutions | 09/28/1977 | 09/28/1977 | Positive | São Tomé and Príncipe granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 1979 | Law No. 2/1977 - Regulation of Family Institutions | 09/28/1977 | 09/28/1977 | Positive | São Tomé and Príncipe enacted a new Family Law allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 1979 | Law No. 2/1977 - Regulation of Family Institutions | 09/28/1977 | 09/28/1977 | Positive | São Tomé and Príncipe allowed women to be head of household. |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 1979 | Law No. 2/1977 - Regulation of Family Institutions | 09/28/1977 | 09/28/1977 | Positive | São Tomé and Príncipe introduced a Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1979 | Law No. 2/1977 - Regulation of Family Institutions | 09/28/1977 | 09/28/1977 | Positive | São Tomé and Príncipe allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1980 | Law n°6-92 on the Legal Regime of Individual Conditions of Employment | 12/31/1979 | 12/31/1979 | Positive | São Tomé and Príncipe introduced a social security system that administers maternity benefits. |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1981 | Law n°7-04 of the Social Protection Framework | 07/31/1979 | 07/31/1979 | Positive | São Tomé and Príncipe introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1993 | Law No. 6/1992 - Legal Regime of Individual Working Conditions | 06/11/1992 | 06/11/1992 | Positive | São Tomé and Príncipe prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2010 | Law No. 11/2008 - Law on Domestic and Family Violence | 08/15/2008 | 10/29/2008 | Positive | São Tomé and Príncipe enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2014 | Law No. 6/2012 - Penal Code | 07/05/2012 | 08/06/2012 | Positive | São Tomé and Príncipe enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2016 | Decree-Law No. 25/2014 - Regulation on Mandatory Social Protection | 09/25/2014 | 11/07/2014 | Positive | São Tomé and Príncipe equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2020 | Law No. 6/2019 - Labor Code | 04/11/2019 | 07/11/2019 | Positive | São Tomé and Príncipe prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2020 | Law No. 6/2019 - Labor Code | 08/31/2018 | 11/16/2018 | Positive | São Tomé and Príncipe lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night, in mining and in jobs deemed dangerous. |
Saudi Arabia | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2007 | Labor Law Royal Decree No. M/51 | 09/27/2005 | 04/28/2006 | Positive | Saudi Arabia introduced paid paternity leave. |
Saudi Arabia | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 2012 | Ministerial Order No. 2370/1 of 18 September 2010 | 09/18/2010 | 09/18/2010 | Positive | Saudi Arabia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Saudi Arabia | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2015 | Law on the Protection from Harm | 08/26/2013 | 09/21/2013 | Positive | Saudi Arabia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Saudi Arabia | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2019 | Anti-Harassment Law Royal Decree No. M/96 | 05/31/2018 | 06/08/2018 | Positive | Saudi Arabia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Saudi Arabia | Middle East & North Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2020 | Banking Consumer Protection Principles; Finance Companies Consumer Protection Principles | 07/24/2019 | 07/24/2019 | Positive | Saudi Arabia made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Saudi Arabia | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2020 | Royal Decree No. M/134 | 07/30/2019 | 08/02/2019 | Positive | Saudi Arabia began allowing women to be head of household and removed the legal obligation for a married woman to obey her husband. |
Saudi Arabia | Middle East & North Africa | Mobility | 2020 | Royal Decree No. M/134 | 07/30/2019 | 08/02/2019 | Positive | Saudi Arabia improved women’s mobility by removing restrictions on obtaining a passport and traveling abroad. New legal amendments also equalized a woman’s right to choose where to live and leave the marital home. |
Saudi Arabia | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2020 | Labor Law | 07/30/2019 | 07/30/2019 | Positive | Saudi Arabia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Saudi Arabia | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 2020 | Labor Law | 07/30/2019 | 07/30/2019 | Positive | Saudi Arabia equalized the age (60 years) at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also mandated a retirement age of 60 years for both women and men. |
Saudi Arabia | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2020 | Labor Law | 07/30/2019 | 07/30/2019 | Positive | Saudi Arabia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Saudi Arabia | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 2021 | Royal Decree No. (M/5) dated 1-7-1442 AH | 08/26/2020 | 08/26/2020 | Positive | Saudi Arabia eliminated all restrictions on women's employment. |
Saudi Arabia | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2023 | Personal Status Law | 03/09/2022 | 06/19/2022 | Negative | Saudi Arabia enacted legislation mandating women to obey their husbands. |
Saudi Arabia | Middle East & North Africa | Mobility | 2023 | Personal Status Law | 03/09/2022 | 06/19/2022 | Negative | Saudi Arabia restricted women’s right to choose where to live and travel outside the home in the same way as men. |
Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1974 | Family Code | 06/12/1972 | 01/01/1973 | Positive | Senegal allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1979 | IPRES Internal Regulations | 07/26/1977 | 07/26/1977 | Positive | Senegal introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1982 | Social Security Code | 08/25/1980 | 08/25/1980 | Positive | Senegal increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1984 | National Interprofessional Collective Agreement | 10/16/1982 | 10/16/1982 | Positive | Senegal introduced paid paternity leave. |
Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1991 | IPRES Internal Regulations | 05/07/1991 | 05/07/1991 | Positive | Senegal explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2000 | Penal Code | 01/29/1999 | 01/29/1999 | Positive | Senegal enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2000 | Penal Code | 01/29/1999 | 01/29/1999 | Positive | Senegal enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2021 | National Interprofessional Collective Agreement | 12/30/2019 | 12/30/2019 | Positive | Senegal prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2023 | Law No. 2022-01 of April 14, 2022 on the status of refugees and stateless persons | 04/14/2022 | 04/14/2022 | Positive | Senegal prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Senegal | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2023 | Decree relating to the work of pregnant women No. 2021-1469 | 11/03/2021 | 11/16/2021 | Positive | Senegal removed restrictions on women’s employment in industrial jobs. |
Serbia | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1998 | Labor Code of 1996 | 06/19/1996 | 06/19/1996 | Positive | Serbia equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Serbia | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2003 | Labor Code of 1996 | 12/12/2001 | 12/12/2001 | Positive | Serbia introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave. |
Serbia | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2003 | Labor Law | 12/12/2001 | 12/12/2001 | Positive | Serbia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Serbia | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2004 | Law on Pension and Disability Insurance | 04/01/2003 | 04/01/2003 | Positive | Serbia no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Serbia | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2006 | Labor Law | 03/15/2005 | 03/23/2005 | Positive | Serbia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Serbia | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2007 | Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence | 01/01/2006 | 01/09/2006 | Positive | Serbia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Serbia | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2010 | Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination | 03/26/2009 | 03/26/2009 | Positive | Serbia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Serbia | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2011 | Gender Equality Law | 03/26/2009 | 03/26/2009 | Positive | Serbia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Serbia | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2016 | Law on Pension and Disability Insurance | 01/01/2015 | 01/01/2015 | Negative | Serbia set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Seychelles | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 1972 | Law No. 70-459 of 1970 amended Civil Code | 06/04/1970 | 06/04/1970 | Positive | Seychelles allowed women to be head of household. |
Seychelles | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1972 | National Provident Fund Act | 03/29/1971 | 03/29/1971 | Positive | The Seychelles introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Seychelles | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 1977 | Civil Code of Seychelles Act | 01/01/1976 | 01/01/1976 | Positive | Seychelles introduced a Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Seychelles | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1995 | Employment (Conditions of Employment) (Amendment) Regulations, 2018 | 04/03/1995 | 04/03/1995 | Positive | The Seychelles increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Seychelles | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1996 | Employment Act | 04/03/1995 | 04/03/1995 | Positive | The Seychelles prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Seychelles | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1996 | Employment Act | 02/28/1995 | 02/28/1995 | Positive | The Seychelles prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Seychelles | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2001 | Family Violence (Protection of Victims) Act, 2000 | 03/23/2000 | 05/01/2000 | Positive | Seychelles enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Seychelles | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2017 | Employment (Conditions of Employment) (Amendment) Regulations, 2018 | 05/28/2015 | 06/01/2015 | Positive | The Seychelles introduced paid paternity leave. |
Sierra Leone | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2003 | The National Social Security and Insurance Trust Act | 08/09/2001 | 08/09/2001 | Positive | Sierra Leone introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Sierra Leone | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2009 | The Devolution of Estates Act | 06/14/2007 | 07/26/2007 | Positive | Sierra Leone equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. |
Sierra Leone | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2009 | The Domestic Violence Act, 2007 | 07/26/2007 | 07/26/2007 | Positive | Sierra Leone enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Sierra Leone | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2010 | The Registration of Customary Marriage and Divorce Act | 01/23/2009 | #N/A | Positive | Sierra Leone granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Sierra Leone | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2010 | The Registration of Customary Marriage and Divorce Act | 01/23/2009 | 06/14/2009 | Positive | Sierra Leone introduced the Registration of Customary Marriage and Divorce Act allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Sierra Leone | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2010 | The Registration of Customary Marriage and Divorce Act | 01/23/2009 | 06/14/2009 | Positive | Sierra Leone allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Sierra Leone | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2021 | The Sexual Offences Act, 2019 | 09/19/2019 | 11/04/2019 | Positive | Sierra Leone adopted legislation on sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Sierra Leone | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2022 | Directives on Provision of Financial Services on a Non-Discriminatory Basis of August 5, 2021 | 08/12/2021 | #N/A | Positive | Sierra Leone made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Singapore | East Asia & Pacific | Mobility | 1983 | Women’s Charter | 06/01/1981 | 06/01/1981 | Positive | Singapore allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men. |
Singapore | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 1988 | Women’s Charter | 03/30/1987 | 03/30/1987 | Positive | Singapore enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Singapore | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 1990 | Employment (Amendment) Act 1988 | 08/16/1988 | 08/26/1988 | Positive | Singapore lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Singapore | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 1997 | Employment (Amendment) Act 1995 | 11/18/1995 | 03/01/1996 | Positive | Singapore eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. |
Singapore | East Asia & Pacific | Assets | 1998 | Women’s Charter | 08/27/1996 | 05/01/1997 | Positive | Singapore recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Singapore | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2005 | Women’s Charter | 02/29/2004 | 04/14/2003 | Positive | Singapore allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as a man. |
Singapore | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2010 | Children Development Co-Savings Act (Chapter 38A) | 10/29/2008 | 10/31/2008 | Positive | Singapore increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Singapore | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2015 | Employment, Parental Leave and Other Measures Act 2013 | 12/04/2013 | 04/01/2014 | Positive | Singapore introduced paid parental leave. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Singapore | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2015 | Protection from Harassment Act | 04/11/2014 | 11/15/2014 | Positive | Singapore enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Slovak Republic | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1991 | Law No. 382/1990 Act on Parental Allowance | 01/10/1990 | 01/10/1990 | Positive | The Slovak Republic introduced paid parental leave. |
Slovak Republic | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1994 | Law No. 311/2001 Labor Code | 09/28/1992 | 09/28/1992 | Positive | The Slovak Republic prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Slovak Republic | High income: OECD | Pension | 2003 | Law No. 311/2001 Labor Code | 07/02/2001 | 08/08/2001 | Negative | The Slovak Republic set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Slovak Republic | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2003 | Law No. 311/2001 Labor Code | 07/02/2001 | 04/01/2002 | Positive | The Slovak Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Slovak Republic | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2005 | Law No. 365/2004 Anti-Discrimination Act | 05/20/2004 | 05/20/2004 | Positive | Slovak Republic introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Slovak Republic | High income: OECD | Pay | 2005 | Law No. 311/2001 Labor Code | 06/01/2003 | 05/01/2004 | Positive | Slovak Republic eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Slovak Republic | High income: OECD | Pension | 2005 | Law No. 461/2003 on Social Insurance | 11/27/2003 | 11/27/2003 | Positive | Slovak Republic no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Slovak Republic | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2007 | Law No. 300/2005 Criminal Code | 07/02/2005 | 01/01/2006 | Positive | Slovak Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Slovak Republic | High income: OECD | Pension | 2009 | Law No. 461/2003 on Social Insurance | 11/30/2007 | 11/30/2007 | Negative | Slovak Republic set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Slovak Republic | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2009 | Law No. 365/2004 Anti-Discrimination Act | 06/20/2007 | 10/15/2008 | Positive | Slovak Republic enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Slovak Republic | High income: OECD | Pension | 2011 | Law No. 461/2003 on Social Insurance | 11/27/2003 | 01/01/2010 | Positive | Slovak Republic equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Slovak Republic | High income: OECD | Pay | 2012 | Law No. 311/2001 Labor Code | 03/01/2011 | 06/06/2011 | Positive | Slovak Republic allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Slovak Republic | High income: OECD | Pension | 2021 | Law No. 461/2003 on Social Insurance | 03/28/2019 | 01/01/2020 | Negative | Slovak Republic established unequal ages for men and women to retire with full and partial pension benefits. The mandatory retirement age for men and women is also now unequal. |
Slovenia | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2003 | Parental Protection and Family Benefits Act | 07/10/2003 | 08/04/2003 | Positive | Slovenia introduced paid parental leave. |
Slovenia | High income: OECD | Pay | 2003 | Employment Relationships Act | 04/24/2002 | 01/01/2003 | Positive | Slovenia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Slovenia | High income: OECD | Pension | 2003 | Employment Relationships Act | 04/24/2002 | 05/03/2002 | Positive | Slovenia no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. |
Slovenia | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2003 | Employment Relationships Act | 04/24/2002 | 01/01/2003 | Positive | Slovenia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Slovenia | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2005 | Principle of Equal Treatment Act | 04/30/2004 | 05/06/2004 | Positive | Slovenia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Slovenia | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2005 | Parental Protection and Family Benefits Act | 07/10/2003 | 08/04/2003 | Positive | Slovenia introduced paid paternity leave. |
Slovenia | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2009 | Domestic Violence Prevention Act | 02/15/2008 | 03/01/2008 | Positive | Slovenia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Slovenia | High income: OECD | Pension | 2019 | Pension and Disability Insurance Act | 05/03/2019 | 05/03/2019 | Positive | Slovenia equalized the age (60 years) at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Slovenia | High income: OECD | Pension | 2021 | Pension and Disability Insurance Act | 02/04/2012 | 01/01/2020 | Positive | Slovenia equalized the ages (65 years) at which men and women can retire with full pension benefits. |
Solomon Islands | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 1974 | Retirement and Re-employment Act | 01/01/1973 | 01/01/1973 | Positive | Solomon Islands introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Solomon Islands | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2016 | Family Protection Act 2014 | 08/27/2014 | 04/01/2016 | Positive | Solomon Islands enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Somalia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1974 | Labor Code | 10/18/1972 | 10/21/1972 | Positive | Somalia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Somalia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 1974 | Labor Code | 10/18/1972 | 10/21/1972 | Positive | Somalia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Somalia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1974 | Labor Code | 10/18/1972 | 10/21/1972 | Positive | Somalia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 1984 | Basic Conditions of Employment Act | 12/31/1983 | 12/31/1983 | Positive | South Africa lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1986 | Matrimonial Property Act | 07/03/1984 | 11/01/1984 | Positive | South Africa granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage and recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1989 | Intestate Succession Act | 09/30/1987 | 03/18/1988 | Positive | South Africa's Intestate Succession Act equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 1993 | Domicile Act | 03/03/1992 | 03/11/1992 | Positive | South Africa enacted the Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1995 | Matrimonial Property Act | 09/24/1993 | 10/06/1993 | Positive | South Africa granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 1995 | Matrimonial Property Act | 10/06/1993 | 12/01/1993 | Positive | South Africa enacted the General Law Fourth Amendment abolishing the Legal Capacity of Married Persons Act abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 1995 | Matrimonial Property Act | 09/24/1993 | 10/06/1993 | Positive | South Africa allowed women to be head of household. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1995 | General Law Fourth Amendment Act | 10/06/1993 | 12/01/1993 | Positive | South Africa allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1997 | Labor Relations Act | 12/13/1995 | 12/13/1995 | Positive | South Africa prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 1997 | Mine Health and Safety Act No. 29 of 1996 | 06/14/1996 | 06/14/1996 | Positive | South Africa eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2000 | Employment Equity Amendment Act | 10/19/1998 | 12/01/1999 | Positive | South Africa prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2001 | The Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act of 2000 | 02/02/2000 | 09/01/2000 | Positive | South Africa introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2001 | Domestic Violence Act | 11/20/1998 | 12/15/1999 | Positive | South Africa enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1999 | Basic Conditions of Employment Act | 12/05/1997 | 03/21/1998 | Positive | South Africa increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2013 | Protection from Harassment Act | 12/06/2011 | 04/27/2013 | Positive | South Africa enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2015 | Employment Equity Amendment Act | 01/16/2014 | 01/16/2014 | Positive | South Africa mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
South Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2015 | Employment Equity Amendment Act | 01/16/2014 | 08/01/2014 | Positive | South Africa enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
South Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1991 | Social Insurance Act of 1990 | 12/31/1990 | 12/31/1990 | Positive | South Sudan introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
South Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1998 | Labour Act 1997 | 01/01/1997 | 01/01/1997 | Positive | South Sudan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
South Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2009 | Social Insurance Act of 1990 | 12/31/2008 | 12/31/2008 | Positive | South Sudan equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
South Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2010 | The Child Act | 10/13/2008 | 02/10/2009 | Positive | South Sudan equalized inheritance rights for sons and daughters. |
South Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2010 | The Penal Code Act, 2008 | 08/22/2008 | 02/10/2009 | Positive | South Sudan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
South Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2013 | Passports and Immigration Act, 2011 | 07/07/2011 | 07/07/2011 | Positive | South Sudan introduced a new Passport and Immigration Act which no longer establishes differences in the application procedures for a married woman when applying for a passport. |
South Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2014 | Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011 | 07/07/2011 | 07/09/2011 | Negative | South Sudan set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
South Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2019 | Labor Act, 2017 | 10/24/2017 | 10/24/2017 | Positive | South Sudan introduced 10 days of paid paternity leave. |
South Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2019 | Labor Act, 2017 | 10/24/2017 | 10/24/2017 | Positive | South Sudan lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night, underground, underwater and in jobs deemed dangerous. It also mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
South Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2019 | Labor Act, 2017 | 10/24/2017 | 12/12/2017 | Positive | South Sudan prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 1976 | Royal Decree of July 24, 1889 by which the Civil Code is published. | 05/02/1975 | 05/02/1975 | Positive | Spain amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1976 | Royal Decree of July 24, 1889 by which the Civil Code is published. | 05/02/1975 | 05/02/1975 | Positive | Spain no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Pension | 1976 | Royal Legislative Decree 8/2015, of October 30, which approves the revised text of the General Law on Social Security. | 07/20/1974 | 07/20/1974 | Positive | Spain explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1976 | Law No. 14-1975 of May 2, on reform of certain articles of the Civil Code and the Code of Commerce on the legal affiliation of married women and the rights and duties of spouses | 05/02/1975 | 05/25/1975 | Positive | Spain allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1977 | Labor Relations Law of 1976 | 04/08/1976 | 04/22/1976 | Positive | Spain increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1979 | Royal Decree 896/2003, of July 11, which regulates the issuance of the ordinary passport and determines its characteristics. | 09/23/1977 | 12/11/1977 | Positive | Spain enacted new passport law which no longer requires a married woman her husband's consent when applying for a passport. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1981 | Law No. 8 of 1980, Workers' Statute Law | 03/10/1980 | 03/15/1980 | Positive | Spain prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Assets | 1983 | Royal Decree of July 24, 1889 by which the Civil Code is published. | 07/07/1981 | 07/20/1981 | Positive | Spain granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1983 | Royal Decree of July 24, 1889 by which the Civil Code is published. | 07/07/1981 | 07/20/1981 | Positive | Spain legalized divorce, equally granting the right to both spouses. There is no waiting period before remarriage for either spouse. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1983 | Royal Decree of July 24, 1889 by which the Civil Code is published. | 07/07/1981 | 07/20/1981 | Positive | Spain reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Pay | 1995 | Royal Legislative Decree 8/2015, of October 30, which approves the revised text of the General Law on Social Security. | 05/19/1994 | 05/19/1994 | Positive | Spain mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1996 | Royal Legislative Decree 1/1995, of March 24, approving the revised text of the Workers' Statute Law | 03/24/1995 | 05/01/1995 | Positive | Spain prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1997 | ORGANIC Law 1/2004, of December 28, of Integral Protection Measures against Gender Violence. | 11/23/1995 | 05/25/1996 | Positive | Spain enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Pay | 1997 | ORGANIC Law 10/1995, of November 23, of the Penal Code. | 11/08/1995 | 02/10/1996 | Positive | Spain allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also removed restrictions on women's employment in industrial undertakings. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1997 | ORGANIC Law 10/1995, of November 23, of the Penal Code. | 11/23/1995 | 05/24/1996 | Positive | Spain enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2008 | Organic Law No. 3/2007 on the effective equality of women and men | 03/23/2007 | 03/24/2007 | Positive | Spain's Equality of Women and Men Law made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Spain | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2022 | Royal Decree-Law No. 6/2019 on urgent measures to guarantee of equal treatment and opportunities between women and men in employment and occupation | 03/01/2019 | 01/01/2021 | Positive | Spain introduced 16 weeks of paid parental leave as an individual entitlement for fathers. |
Sri Lanka | South Asia | Workplace | 1997 | Penal Code | 10/31/1995 | 10/31/1995 | Positive | Sri Lanka enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Sri Lanka | South Asia | Marriage | 2007 | Prevention of Domestic Violence Act No. 34 of 2005 | 10/03/2005 | 10/07/2005 | Positive | Sri Lanka enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
St. Kitts and Nevis | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1974 | The Divorce Act | 05/23/1973 | 05/23/1973 | Positive | St. Kitts and Nevis allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
St. Kitts and Nevis | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1979 | Social Security (Benefits) Regulations 1978 | 01/10/1978 | 01/10/1978 | Positive | St. Kitts and Nevis explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
St. Kitts and Nevis | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1980 | Social Security (Benefits) Regulations 1978 | 01/10/1978 | 01/10/1978 | Positive | St. Kitts and Nevis began administering maternity benefits through its social insurance system. |
St. Kitts and Nevis | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1988 | Protection of Employment Act 1986 | 06/30/1986 | 06/30/1986 | Positive | St. Kitts and Nevis prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
St. Kitts and Nevis | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2001 | Domestic Violence Act | 01/11/2000 | 04/03/2004 | Positive | St. Kitts and Nevis enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
St. Lucia | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1972 | National Insurance Corporation Act and National Insurance Regulation | 10/31/1970 | 10/31/1970 | Positive | St. Lucia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
St. Lucia | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1981 | National Insurance Act, 1978 | 12/31/1978 | 04/30/1979 | Positive | St. Lucia introduced a social security system that provides maternity benefits. |
St. Lucia | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1991 | The Civil Code | 12/30/1989 | 12/30/1989 | Positive | St. Lucia granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during the marriage. It also granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. |
St. Lucia | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1991 | The Civil Code | 12/30/1989 | 12/30/1989 | Positive | St. Lucia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
St. Lucia | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1991 | The Civil Code | 12/28/1989 | 12/28/1989 | Positive | St. Lucia reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
St. Lucia | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1996 | Domestic Violence (Summary Proceedings) Act | 04/20/1995 | 04/20/1995 | Positive | St. Lucia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
St. Lucia | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2001 | Equality of Opportunity and Treatment in Employment and Occupation Act | 03/07/2000 | 04/01/2000 | Positive | St. Lucia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
St. Lucia | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 2001 | Equality of Opportunity and Treatment in Employment and Occupation Act | 03/07/2000 | 04/01/2000 | Positive | St. Lucia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
St. Lucia | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2001 | Equality of Opportunity and Treatment in Employment and Occupation Act | 12/31/2001 | 04/01/2000 | Positive | St. Lucia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
St. Lucia | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 2008 | The Labour Code No. 37 of 2006 | 11/16/2006 | 11/16/2006 | Positive | St. Lucia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
St. Vincent and the Grenadines | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1974 | Matrimonial Causes Act | 05/23/1973 | 05/23/1973 | Positive | St. Vincent and the Grenadines allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
St. Vincent and the Grenadines | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1991 | Matrimonial Causes Act | 12/29/1989 | 12/29/1989 | Positive | St. Vincent and the Grenadines recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
St. Vincent and the Grenadines | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1996 | National Insurance (Benefits) Regulations | 08/23/1994 | 08/23/1994 | Positive | St. Vincent and the Grenadines explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
St. Vincent and the Grenadines | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1997 | Domestic Violence Act 2015 | 10/17/1995 | 10/17/1995 | Positive | St. Vincent and the Grenadines enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
St. Vincent and the Grenadines | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2005 | Protection of Employment Act | 08/21/2003 | 08/21/2003 | Positive | St. Vincent and the Grenadines prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1991 | Social Insurance Act of 1990 | 06/12/1990 | 07/01/1990 | Positive | Sudan introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1998 | Labour Act 1997 | 01/01/1997 | 01/01/1997 | Positive | Sudan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Sudan | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2009 | Social Insurance Act of 1990 | 12/31/2008 | 12/31/2008 | Positive | Sudan equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
Suriname | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1982 | Civil Code | 03/11/1981 | 03/11/1981 | Positive | Suriname granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. |
Suriname | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 1982 | Civil Code | 03/11/1981 | 03/11/1981 | Positive | Suriname introduced new legislation allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract and open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent. |
Suriname | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1982 | Civil Code | 03/11/1981 | 03/11/1981 | Positive | Suriname allowed women to be head of household and no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Suriname | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1982 | Civil Code | 03/11/1981 | 03/11/1981 | Positive | Suriname introduced new legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same ways as a man. |
Suriname | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1982 | Act on Old-Age Supply Fund of 20 March 1981 | 03/20/1981 | 03/20/1981 | Positive | Suriname introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Suriname | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1982 | Decree No. C-11 (sb 1981, No. 23) | 03/11/1981 | 03/11/1981 | Positive | Suriname allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Suriname | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 1985 | Decree núm. E-41, September 12, 1983 | 09/12/1983 | 09/12/1983 | Positive | Suriname lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Suriname | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2010 | Combating Domestic Violence Act | 06/02/2009 | 06/20/2009 | Positive | Suriname enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Suriname | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 2016 | General Pensions Law 2014 (No. 113 of 2014). | 09/30/2014 | 09/30/2014 | Negative | Suriname no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Suriname | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2020 | Family Employment Protection Act (Maternity Protection Act) | 06/10/2019 | 09/10/2019 | Positive | Suriname prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Suriname | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2020 | Family Employment Protection Act (Maternity Protection Act) | 06/10/2019 | 09/10/2019 | Positive | Suriname prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Suriname | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2021 | Family Employment Protection Act (Maternity Protection Act) | 06/10/2019 | 09/10/2019 | Positive | Suriname introduced 16 weeks of paid maternity leave and 8 days of paid paternity leave. |
Sweden | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1974 | General Working Hours Act | 11/16/1973 | 11/16/1973 | Positive | Sweden introduced paid parental leave. |
Sweden | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1981 | Social Insurance Act | 01/01/1980 | 01/01/1980 | Positive | Sweden introduced paid paternity leave. |
Sweden | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1981 | Discrimination Act | 12/17/1979 | 07/01/1980 | Positive | Sweden prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Sweden | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1990 | Penal Code | 07/01/1988 | 07/01/1988 | Positive | Sweden enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Sweden | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1992 | Equal Opportunities Act | 05/30/1991 | 06/07/1991 | Positive | Sweden prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Sweden | High income: OECD | Pay | 1992 | Equal Opportunities Act | 05/23/1991 | 01/01/1992 | Positive | Sweden mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Sweden | High income: OECD | Pension | 2000 | Act on Income-based Old-Age Pensions | 06/11/1998 | 06/11/1998 | Positive | Sweden explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Sweden | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2007 | Discrimination Act | 06/09/2005 | 07/01/2005 | Positive | Sweden enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Sweden | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 2014 | Discrimination Act | 06/20/2012 | 12/21/2012 | Positive | Sweden's Discrimination Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Switzerland | High income: OECD | Assets | 1986 | Swiss Civil Code (Civil status, marriage, divorce, Child rights, duty to provide support to relatives, Homesteads, guardianship, marriage brokerage) | 10/05/1984 | 01/01/1988 | Positive | Switzerland granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Switzerland | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1986 | Swiss Civil Code (Civil status, marriage, divorce, Child rights, duty to provide support to relatives, Homesteads, guardianship, marriage brokerage) | 10/05/1984 | 01/01/1988 | Positive | Switzerland allowed women to be head of household. |
Switzerland | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1986 | Swiss Civil Code (Civil status, marriage, divorce, Child rights, duty to provide support to relatives, Homesteads, guardianship, marriage brokerage) | 10/05/1984 | 01/01/1988 | Positive | Switzerland amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Switzerland | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1986 | Swiss Civil Code | 10/05/1984 | 01/01/1988 | Positive | Switzerland allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Switzerland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1989 | Law No. 97-013 on the Family Code | 03/18/1988 | 01/01/1989 | Positive | Switzerland prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Switzerland | High income: OECD | Pay | 1996 | Federal Act on Gender Equality | 03/24/1995 | 06/30/1996 | Positive | Switzerland mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Switzerland | High income: OECD | Pension | 1996 | Federal Act on Gender Equality | 10/06/1994 | 12/31/1996 | Positive | Switzerland explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Switzerland | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1996 | Federal Act on Gender Equality | 03/24/1995 | 06/30/1996 | Positive | Switzerland enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Switzerland | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1997 | Federal Act on Gender Equality | 03/24/1995 | 06/30/1996 | Positive | Switzerland prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Switzerland | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2000 | Swiss Civil Code (Civil status, marriage, divorce, Child rights, duty to provide support to relatives, Homesteads, guardianship, marriage brokerage) | 06/26/1998 | 01/01/2000 | Positive | Switzerland gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Switzerland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2006 | Federal Act on Allowances for Loss of Earnings in the Event of Service and Maternity Leave | 10/03/2003 | 07/01/2003 | Positive | Switzerland's government began administering maternity benefits. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Switzerland | High income: OECD | Marriage | 2008 | Protection Against Violence Act | 06/19/2006 | 04/01/2007 | Positive | Switzerland enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Switzerland | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2022 | Law No. 97-013 on the Family Code | 12/19/2019 | 01/01/2021 | Positive | Switzerland introduced 2 weeks of paid paternity leave. |
Syrian Arab Republic | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2003 | Legislative Decree No. 35/2002 amending Labor Law No. 91 of 1959 | 05/13/2002 | 05/13/2002 | Positive | Syrian Arab Republic increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Syrian Arab Republic | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 2003 | Law 78 of 2001 Amending Social Security Code of 1959 | 12/31/2001 | 12/31/2001 | Negative | Syrian Arab Republic set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
Syrian Arab Republic | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2008 | Law No. 4 of 2017 amending a number of articles of Legislative Decree No. 26 of 12-4-2007 on Civil Status | 04/12/2007 | #N/A | Positive | Syrian Arab Republic allowed women to be head of household. |
Syrian Arab Republic | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2011 | Labor Law No. 17/2010 | 04/12/2010 | 04/12/2010 | Positive | Syrian Arab Republic prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Syrian Arab Republic | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2011 | Labor Law No. 17/2010 | 04/12/2010 | 04/12/2010 | Positive | Syrian Arab Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Syrian Arab Republic | Middle East & North Africa | Mobility | 2020 | Law No. 4 of 2019 amending some articles of the Personal Status Law promulgated by Legislative Decree No. 59 of 1953 and its amendments | 06/27/2019 | 06/28/2019 | Positive | The Syrian Arab Republic allowed a married woman to leave the home without her husband's permission. |
Syrian Arab Republic | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2022 | Law No. 20 of 2019 amending the Personal Status Law No. 59 of 1953 | 06/27/2019 | 06/28/2019 | Positive | Syria no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Taiwan, China | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 1986 | Labor Standards Act | 07/30/1984 | 08/01/1984 | Positive | Taiwan, China mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Taiwan, China | East Asia & Pacific | Assets | 1987 | Civil Code | 06/03/1985 | 06/03/1985 | Positive | Taiwan, China recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Taiwan, China | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 1997 | Labor Standards Act | 06/22/1996 | 07/01/1996 | Positive | Taiwan, China lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Taiwan, China | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2000 | Domestic Violence Prevention Act | 06/24/1998 | 06/24/1998 | Positive | Taiwan, China enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Taiwan, China | East Asia & Pacific | Mobility | 2000 | Civil Code | 06/17/1998 | 06/17/1998 | Positive | Taiwan, China reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Taiwan, China | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2003 | Act of Gender Equality in Employment | 01/16/2002 | 03/08/2002 | Positive | Taiwan, China prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Taiwan, China | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2003 | Act of Gender Equality in Employment | 01/16/2002 | 03/08/2002 | Positive | Taiwan, China prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Taiwan, China | East Asia & Pacific | Assets | 2004 | Civil Code | 06/26/2002 | 06/26/2002 | Positive | Taiwan, China repealed provisions giving the husband sole administrative authority over marital property, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Taiwan, China | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2010 | Act of Gender Equality in Employment | 04/22/2009 | 05/01/2009 | Positive | Taiwan, China increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid parental leave. |
Taiwan, China | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2015 | Occupational Safety and Health Act (2013.07.03 Amended ) | 07/03/2013 | 07/03/2013 | Positive | Taiwan, China eliminated all restrictions on women's employment by limiting them to pregnant and nursing women. It also allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. |
Tajikistan | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1989 | Amendments to the Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor | 02/04/1988 | 02/04/1988 | Negative | Tajikistan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Tajikistan | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1973 | Law on the Fundamentals of Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Labor | 07/15/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Positive | Tajikistan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Tajikistan | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1993 | Law on Pensions Provisions of the Republic of Tajikistan | 12/31/1991 | 12/31/1991 | Positive | Tajikistan no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. |
Tajikistan | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1995 | Law on Pensions Provisions of the Republic of Tajikistan | 06/25/1993 | 01/01/1994 | Positive | Tajikistan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Tajikistan | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1998 | Labor Code of the Republic of Tajikistan | 05/15/1997 | 05/15/1997 | Positive | Tajikistan introduced paid parental leave. |
Tajikistan | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 1998 | Labor Code of the Republic of Tajikistan | 05/15/1997 | 05/15/1997 | Positive | Tajikistan mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Tajikistan | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 1998 | Labor Code of the Republic of Tajikistan | 05/15/1997 | 05/15/1997 | Positive | Tajikistan prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Tajikistan | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2006 | Law on State Guarantees of Equal Rights for Men and Women and Equal Opportunities for their Implementation | 03/01/2005 | 03/01/2005 | Positive | Tajikistan introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Tajikistan | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2014 | Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence | 03/19/2013 | 03/28/2013 | Positive | Tajikistan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Tajikistan | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2018 | Labor Code of the Republic of Tajikistan | 07/23/2016 | 07/23/2016 | Positive | Tajikistan lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Tanzania | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1985 | Civil Appeal: Bi Hawa Mohamed v. Ally Sefu | 11/29/1983 | 11/29/1983 | Positive | Tanzania recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Tanzania | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1999 | Sexual Offences Special Provisions Act 1998 | 04/21/1998 | 07/01/1998 | Positive | Tanzania enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Tanzania | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2005 | Employment and Labor Relations Act 2004 | 06/04/2004 | 06/29/2004 | Positive | Tanzania prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Tanzania | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2006 | Employment and Labor Relations Act 2004 | 06/04/2004 | 06/29/2004 | Positive | Tanzania began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Tanzania | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2006 | Employment and Labor Relations Act 2004 | 06/04/2004 | 06/29/2004 | Positive | Tanzania mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Tanzania | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2006 | Employment and Labor Relations Act 2004 | 01/23/2005 | 01/23/2005 | Positive | Tanzania prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Thailand | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 1999 | Labor Protection Act B.E. 2541 | 02/12/1998 | 08/11/1998 | Positive | Thailand prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Thailand | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 1999 | Labor Protection Act (No. 7) B.E. 2562 (2019) | 02/28/1998 | 02/28/1998 | Positive | Thailand prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Thailand | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 2000 | Social Security Act B.E. 2533 (1990) | 03/31/1999 | 03/31/1999 | Positive | Thailand introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Thailand | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2009 | Domestic Violence Victim Protection Act B.E. 2550 (2007) | 09/13/2007 | 09/13/2007 | Positive | Thailand enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. Thailand allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
Thailand | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2009 | Labor Protection Act (No. 7) B.E. 2562 (2019) | 02/15/2008 | 05/28/2009 | Positive | Thailand enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Thailand | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2020 | Labor Protection Act (No. 7) B.E. 2562 (2019) | 04/05/2019 | 05/05/2019 | Positive | Thailand introduced new legislation that mandates equal remuneration for women and men who perform work of equal value. |
Timor-Leste | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 1978 | Decree-Law No. 17/2017 Old Age Pension | 11/26/1977 | 11/26/1977 | Positive | Timor-Leste introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Timor-Leste | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 1999 | LABOUR CODE OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF TIMOR LESTE UNTAET/REG/2002/5 | 10/03/1997 | 10/03/1997 | Positive | Timor-Leste prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Timor-Leste | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2003 | LABOUR CODE OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF TIMOR LESTE UNTAET/REG/2002/5 | 05/01/2002 | 05/01/2002 | Positive | Timor-Leste prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Timor-Leste | East Asia & Pacific | Entrepreneurship | 2005 | Commercial Companies Act | 03/02/2004 | 03/02/2004 | Positive | Timor-Leste enacted the Commercial Companies Act allowing a woman to register a business in the same way as a man without her husband 's consent. |
Timor-Leste | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2012 | Law No. 7/2010 Against Domestic Violence | 05/03/2010 | 07/08/2010 | Positive | Timor-Leste enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Timor-Leste | East Asia & Pacific | Assets | 2013 | Civil Code | 09/13/2011 | 09/13/2011 | Positive | Timor-Leste's Civil Code gave spouses equal rights and duties, granting them equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. |
Timor-Leste | East Asia & Pacific | Entrepreneurship | 2013 | Civil Code | 09/13/2011 | 09/13/2011 | Positive | Timor-Leste introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract and open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent. |
Timor-Leste | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2013 | Civil Code | 09/13/2011 | 09/13/2011 | Positive | Timor-Leste allowed women to be head of household. Timor-Leste allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
Timor-Leste | East Asia & Pacific | Mobility | 2013 | Civil Code | 09/13/2011 | 09/13/2011 | Positive | Timor-Leste enacted a new Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Timor-Leste | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2013 | LABOUR CODE OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF TIMOR LESTE UNTAET/REG/2002/5 | 02/21/2012 | 06/20/2012 | Positive | Timor-Leste introduced paid paternity leave. |
Timor-Leste | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2013 | Labor Law | 02/02/2012 | 06/21/2012 | Positive | Timor-Leste mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Timor-Leste | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2018 | Decree-Law No. 12/2017 | 05/24/2017 | 06/23/2017 | Positive | Timor-Leste introduced a social security system that administers maternity benefits. |
Timor-Leste | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 2019 | Decree-Law No. 18/2012 - Subsidies for Motherhood Support | 05/24/2017 | 06/23/2017 | Positive | Timor-Leste explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1974 | Social Security Code 2011 | 11/12/1973 | 11/12/1973 | Positive | Togo introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1981 | Personal and Family Code | 01/31/1980 | 01/31/1980 | Positive | Togo's Personal and Family Code granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. It also equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. |
Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 1981 | Personal and Family Code | 01/31/1980 | 01/31/1980 | Positive | Togo enacted a Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account in the same way as a man. |
Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2008 | Labor Code | 12/13/2006 | 12/13/2006 | Positive | Togo prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2008 | Labor Code | 12/13/2006 | 12/13/2006 | Positive | Togo mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2008 | Labor Code | 10/13/2006 | 10/13/2006 | Positive | Togo prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2012 | Order No. 020/MTESS/DGTLS of July 30, 2010 establishing the nature of work prohibited to pregnant women (Article 147 of the Labor Code) | 07/30/2010 | 07/30/2010 | Positive | Togo eliminated restrictions on women’s ability to work in certain industries by limiting them to pregnant women. |
Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 2012 | Order No. 020/MTESS/DGTLS of July 30, 2010 establishing the nature of work prohibited to pregnant women (Article 147 of the Labor Code) | 07/30/2010 | 07/30/2010 | Positive | Togo explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2014 | Personal and Family Code | 07/07/2012 | 07/07/2012 | Positive | Togo introduced a new Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2014 | Personal and Family Code (Amendment) 2014 | 07/06/2012 | 07/06/2012 | Positive | Togo allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2016 | Personal and Family Code | 11/17/2014 | 11/17/2014 | Positive | Togo allowed women to be head of household. |
Togo | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2022 | Labor Code | 06/18/2021 | 06/18/2021 | Negative | Togo introduced new legislation which no longer prohibits the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Tonga | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 2012 | National Retirement Benefits Scheme Act 2010 | 10/01/2010 | 10/01/2010 | Positive | Tonga introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Tonga | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2015 | Family Protection Act 2013 | 11/05/2013 | 07/01/2014 | Positive | Tonga enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Trinidad and Tobago | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 1973 | National Insurance Act | 11/01/1971 | 11/15/1971 | Positive | Trinidad and Tobago introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Trinidad and Tobago | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1975 | Matrimonial Proceedings and Property Act | 02/21/1972 | 02/21/1972 | Positive | Trinidad and Tobago recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions, including those made by "looking after the home or caring for the family." |
Trinidad and Tobago | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1983 | Succession Act | 07/30/1981 | 07/30/1981 | Positive | Trinidad and Tobago equalized inheritance rights for male and female surviving spouses. |
Trinidad and Tobago | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1984 | Family Law (Guardianship of Minors, Domicile and Maintenance) Act | 06/29/1981 | 03/01/1983 | Positive | Trinidad and Tobago introduced a new Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Trinidad and Tobago | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1993 | Domestic Violence Act, 1991 | 08/16/1991 | 08/23/1991 | Positive | Trinidad and Tobago enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Trinidad and Tobago | Latin America & Caribbean | Entrepreneurship | 2002 | Equal Opportunity Act 2000 | 10/20/2000 | 01/31/2001 | Positive | Trinidad and Tobago's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Trinidad and Tobago | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2002 | Equal Opportunity Act 2000 | 10/20/2000 | 01/31/2001 | Positive | Trinidad and Tobago prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Trinidad and Tobago | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 2005 | Occupational Safety and Health Act (Cap. 88:08) | 01/13/2004 | 01/30/2004 | Positive | Trinidad and Tobago eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night. |
Trinidad and Tobago | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2014 | Maternity Protection Act | 05/15/2012 | 05/31/2012 | Positive | Trinidad and Tobago increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Tunisia | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 1975 | Decree No. 74-499 on the Old-Age, Invalidity and Survivors' Pension Scheme in the Non-Agricultural Sector | 04/27/1974 | 04/27/1974 | Positive | Tunisia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Tunisia | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 1995 | Personal Status Code | 07/12/1993 | 07/12/1993 | Positive | Tunisia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
Tunisia | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2019 | Organic Law No. 2017-58 of 11 August 2017, on the Elimination of Violence against Women | 08/15/2017 | 02/15/2018 | Positive | Tunisia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Tunisia | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2019 | Organic Law No. 2017-58 of 11 August 2017, on the Elimination of Violence against Women | 08/11/2017 | 08/15/2017 | Positive | Tunisia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
Türkiye | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 1992 | Turkish Constitutional Court Decision, E 1990 of 30, K 1990 of 31 of November 29, 1990 | 11/29/1990 | 11/29/1990 | Positive | Türkiye allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Türkiye | Europe & Central Asia | Assets | 2003 | Turkish Citizenship Law | 11/22/2001 | 12/08/2001 | Positive | Türkiye recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Türkiye | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2003 | Turkish Citizenship Law | 11/22/2001 | 12/08/2001 | Positive | Türkiye allowed women to be head of household. |
Türkiye | Europe & Central Asia | Mobility | 2003 | Civil Code | 11/22/2001 | 12/08/2001 | Positive | Türkiye introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Türkiye | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2004 | Labor Act | 05/22/2003 | 06/22/2003 | Positive | Türkiye prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Türkiye | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2004 | Labor Act | 05/22/2003 | 05/22/2003 | Positive | Türkiye prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Türkiye | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2005 | Labor Act | 05/22/2003 | 06/10/2003 | Positive | Türkiye increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Türkiye | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2006 | Penal Code | 09/26/2004 | 10/02/2004 | Positive | Türkiye enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Türkiye | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2007 | Law to Protect Family and Prevent Violence Against Women | 09/26/2004 | 04/01/2005 | Positive | Türkiye enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Türkiye | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 2004 | Labor Act | 05/22/2003 | 06/10/2003 | Positive | Türkiye allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Türkiye | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2016 | Labor Act | 04/04/2015 | 04/23/2015 | Positive | Türkiye introduced paid paternity leave. |
Uganda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2007 | Employment Act | 05/24/2006 | 08/07/2006 | Positive | Uganda mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. |
Uganda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2007 | Employment Act | 05/24/2006 | 05/24/2006 | Positive | Uganda prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Uganda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2008 | The Employment Act, 2006 | 06/08/2006 | 08/07/2006 | Positive | Uganda prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave. |
Uganda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2011 | The Domestic Violence Act 2010 | 03/17/2010 | 04/09/2010 | Positive | Uganda enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Uganda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2020 | Passport Application Procedures 2020 | 06/01/2018 | 06/01/2018 | Positive | Uganda made international travel easier for women by allowing them to apply for a passport in the same way as men, with no need to provide additional information. |
Uganda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 2023 | Succession (Amendment) Act, 2022 | 04/10/2022 | 04/10/2022 | Positive | Uganda equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. |
Uganda | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2023 | Succession (Amendment) Act, 2022 | 04/10/2022 | 04/10/2022 | Positive | Uganda granted women the same rights to choose where to live as men. |
Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1972 | Labor Code of Ukraine | 07/15/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Negative | Ukraine set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1972 | Labor Code of Ukraine | 07/15/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Positive | Ukraine prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 1992 | Labor Code of Ukraine | 03/20/1991 | 01/01/1992 | Positive | Ukraine prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1993 | Law of Ukraine on Compulsory State Pension Insurance | 11/05/1991 | 01/01/1992 | Positive | Ukraine explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1995 | Labor Code of Ukraine | 03/20/1991 | 01/01/1992 | Positive | Ukraine introduced paid parental leave. |
Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1993 | Labor Code of Ukraine | 11/05/1991 | 01/01/1992 | Positive | Ukraine no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. |
Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 2007 | Law of Ukraine on Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men | 09/08/2005 | 01/01/2006 | Positive | Ukraine enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | Marriage | 2010 | Law of Ukraine on Prevention and Counteraction to Domestic Violence | 09/25/2008 | 01/01/2009 | Positive | Ukraine enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2014 | Law OF UKRAINE On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning the Prevention and Counteraction of Discrimination | 09/06/2012 | 09/06/2012 | Positive | Ukraine introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2015 | Law of Ukraine on State Assistance to Families with Children | 03/27/2014 | 04/01/2014 | Negative | Ukraine abolished paid parental leave. |
Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2019 | Law of Ukraine on Compulsory State Pension Insurance | 10/03/2017 | 10/03/2017 | Positive | Ukraine equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 2022 | Labor Code of Ukraine | 04/15/2021 | 05/09/2021 | Positive | Ukraine introduced 14 days of paid paternity leave. |
Ukraine | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2022 | Law of Ukraine on Compulsory State Pension Insurance | 07/08/2011 | 04/01/2021 | Positive | Ukraine equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
United Arab Emirates | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 2000 | Law on Pensions and Social Security | 02/16/1999 | 02/16/1999 | Positive | The United Arab Emirates introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
United Arab Emirates | Middle East & North Africa | Mobility | 2019 | The matter of nationality and passports, The matter of amending some provisions of Federal Law No. 17 of 1972 AD Federal Decree-Law No. 16 of 2017 AD | 09/28/2019 | 09/29/2017 | Positive | The United Arab Emirates made international travel easier for women by allowing a married woman to apply for a passport without the written consent of her husband. |
United Arab Emirates | Middle East & North Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2020 | Central Bank Circular Announcement | 09/01/2019 | 09/01/2019 | Positive | The United Arab Emirates made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
United Arab Emirates | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2020 | Federal Domestic Violence Law No. 10 of 2019 | 08/29/2019 | 01/29/2020 | Positive | The United Arab Emirates began allowing women to be head of household and adopted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
United Arab Emirates | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2020 | Federal Decree Law No. 6 of 2019 Amending Some Provisions of Federal Labor Law No. 8 of 1980 | 08/29/2019 | 08/29/2019 | Positive | The United Arab Emirates prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
United Arab Emirates | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 2020 | Federal Decree Law No. 6 of 2019 Amending Some Provisions of Federal Labor Law No. 8 of 1980 | 08/29/2019 | 08/29/2019 | Positive | The United Arab Emirates lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night and in jobs deemed dangerous. It also eliminated restrictions on women’s employment in the mining, manufacturing, agriculture and energy industries. |
United Arab Emirates | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2020 | Federal Decree Law No. 6 of 2019 Amending Some Provisions of Federal Labor Law No. 8 of 1980 | 08/29/2019 | 08/29/2019 | Positive | The United Arab Emirates improved the protection of women at work by prohibiting discrimination based on gender in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. |
United Arab Emirates | Middle East & North Africa | Marriage | 2021 | Federal Decree No. 5 of 2020 | 08/25/2020 | 08/26/2020 | Positive | The United Arab Emirates no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. |
United Arab Emirates | Middle East & North Africa | Mobility | 2021 | Federal Decree No. 5 of 2020 | 08/25/2020 | 08/26/2020 | Positive | The United Arab Emirates allowed women to choose where to live and travel abroad in the same way as men. The United Arab Emirates also allowed a married woman to leave the home without her husband's permission. |
United Arab Emirates | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2021 | Federal Decree-Law Regarding the Regulation of Employment Relationship | 08/27/2020 | 09/27/2020 | Positive | The United Arab Emirates introduced 5 days of paid parental leave as an individual entitlement for each parent. Fathers now have paid leave to care for their newborn babies. |
United Arab Emirates | Middle East & North Africa | Pay | 2021 | Federal Decree-Law Regarding the Regulation of Employment Relationship | 08/25/2020 | 09/25/2020 | Positive | The United Arab Emirates mandated equal remuneration for men and women who perform work of equal value. |
United Arab Emirates | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2021 | Federal Decree No. 5 of 2020 | 08/25/2020 | 08/25/2020 | Positive | The United Arab Emirates allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Assets | 1974 | Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 | 05/23/1973 | 05/23/1973 | Positive | The United Kingdom recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1974 | Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 | 05/23/1973 | 05/23/1973 | Positive | The United Kingdom reformed the Matrimonial Causes Act, allowing women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1975 | Domicile and Matrimonial Proceedings Act 1973 | 07/25/1973 | #N/A | Positive | The United Kingdom introduced the Domicile and Matrimonial Proceedings Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Pension | 1976 | The Social Security (Credits) Regulations 1975 | 04/04/1975 | 04/06/1975 | Positive | The United Kingdom explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 1977 | Sex Discrimination Act 1975 | 11/12/1975 | 11/12/1975 | Positive | The United Kingdom's Sex Discrimination Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1977 | Sex Discrimination Act 1975 | 11/12/1975 | 11/12/1975 | Positive | The United Kingdom prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Mobility | 1982 | British Nationality Act 1981 | 06/03/1905 | 06/03/1905 | Positive | The United Kingdom introduced new legal amendments which no longer establishes differences in the application procedures for a married woman when applying for a passport. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1988 | Statutory Maternity Pay (General) Regulations 1986 | 11/24/1986 | 03/15/1987 | Positive | The United Kingdom increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Pay | 1990 | Employment Relations Act 1999 | 11/16/1989 | 11/16/1989 | Positive | The United Kingdom eliminated restrictions on women's employment in mining and manufacturing. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Pension | 1997 | Pensions Act 1995 | 07/19/1995 | 07/19/1995 | Positive | The United Kingdom equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1998 | Family Law Act of 1996 | 07/04/1996 | 07/04/1996 | Positive | The United Kingdom enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2001 | The Maternity and Parental Leave Regulations 1999 | 12/10/1999 | 12/15/1999 | Positive | The United Kingdom prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2004 | The Paternity and Adoption Leave Regulations 2002 | 11/11/2002 | 12/08/2002 | Positive | The United Kingdom introduced paid paternity leave. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2007 | Sex Discrimination Act 1975 | 09/07/2005 | 10/01/2005 | Positive | The United Kingdom enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Workplace | 2011 | Equality Act 2010 | 04/08/2010 | 10/01/2010 | Positive | The United Kingdom enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
United Kingdom | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2016 | Statutory Shared Parental Pay (General) Regulations 2014 | 11/18/2014 | 12/01/2014 | Positive | The United Kingdom introduced paid parental leave. |
United States | High income: OECD | Entrepreneurship | 1976 | 15 USC Chapter 41, Subchapter IV: Equal Credit Opportunity | 10/28/1974 | 10/28/1974 | Positive | United States' Equal Credit Opportunity Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
United States | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 1980 | 29 CFR 1604.10 - Employment policies relating to pregnancy and childbirth. | 10/31/1978 | 10/31/1978 | Positive | United States prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
United States | High income: OECD | Assets | 1982 | New York Domestic Relations Law 236B: Equitable Distribution, Maintenance, Child Support | 06/02/1905 | 07/19/1980 | Positive | United States recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
United States | High income: OECD | Workplace | 1982 | Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 Labor Subtitle B Regulations Relating to Labor, Chapter XIV - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission part 1604, Guidelines on Discrimination because of Sex § 1604.11 Sexual harassment. | 11/10/1980 | #N/A | Positive | United States enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
United States | High income: OECD | Marriage | 1995 | Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 | 09/13/1994 | 09/13/1994 | Positive | United States enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
United States | High income: OECD | Parenthood | 2019 | New York Regulations Part 415. Child Care Services | 04/04/2016 | 01/01/2018 | Positive | New York State (USA) introduced paid family leave that currently entitles each parent to 70 days of leave for the birth of a child. It will gradually increase to 84 days. Parents receive paid parental leave benefits through their employer’s insurance carriers. |
Uruguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1982 | Law No. 19.161 - Maternity and Paternity Benefits for Private Sector Workers | 11/28/1980 | 12/09/1980 | Positive | Uruguay began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
Uruguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1991 | Law No. 16.045 - Law on Equal Treatment and Opportunities for Both Sexes in the Workplace | 06/02/1989 | 06/02/1989 | Positive | Uruguay prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Uruguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1997 | Law No. 17.514 - Domestic Violence | 07/12/1995 | 07/19/1995 | Positive | Uruguay enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Uruguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 2004 | Law No. 16.713 - Social Security | 09/03/1995 | 01/01/2003 | Positive | Uruguay equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. |
Uruguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2010 | Law No. 18.345 - Special Licenses with Salary Payment for Private Sector Workers | 09/11/2008 | 09/23/2008 | Positive | Uruguay introduced paid paternity leave. |
Uruguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Pension | 2010 | Law No. 18.395 - Amendments to Social Security Law No. 16.713 | 09/11/2008 | 09/23/2008 | Positive | Uruguay explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Uruguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2011 | Law No. 18.561 - Sexual Harassment | 09/11/2009 | 09/21/2009 | Positive | Uruguay enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Uruguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2015 | Law No. 19.161 - Maternity and Paternity Benefits for Private Sector Workers | 11/01/2013 | 11/15/2013 | Positive | Uruguay increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Uruguay | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 2019 | Law No. 19.580 - Gender Based Violence and Against Women | 12/22/2017 | 01/09/2018 | Positive | Uruguay introduced new legislation that mandates equal remuneration for women and men who perform work of equal value. |
Uzbekistan | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1973 | Labor Code of the Republic Uzbekistan | 07/15/1970 | 01/01/1971 | Positive | Uzbekistan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Uzbekistan | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1989 | Labor Code of the Republic Uzbekistan | 02/04/1988 | 02/22/1988 | Negative | Uzbekistan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Uzbekistan | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1995 | Law No. 938-XII of 3 September 1993 On State Pensions | 09/03/1993 | 07/01/1994 | Positive | Uzbekistan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Uzbekistan | Europe & Central Asia | Parenthood | 1997 | Labor Code of the Republic Uzbekistan | 12/21/1995 | 04/01/1996 | Positive | Uzbekistan introduced paid parental leave. |
Uzbekistan | Europe & Central Asia | Pay | 1997 | Labor Code of the Republic Uzbekistan | 12/21/1995 | 04/01/1996 | Positive | Uzbekistan lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night. |
Uzbekistan | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 1997 | Labor Code of the Republic Uzbekistan | 12/21/1995 | 04/01/1996 | Positive | Uzbekistan no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. |
Uzbekistan | Europe & Central Asia | Workplace | 1997 | Labor Code of the Republic Uzbekistan | 12/21/1995 | 12/21/1995 | Positive | Uzbekistan prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Uzbekistan | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2012 | Labor Code of the Republic Uzbekistan | 12/22/2010 | 12/22/2010 | Negative | Uzbekistan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Uzbekistan | Europe & Central Asia | Pension | 2020 | Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 4235 of 7 March 2019 | 03/07/2019 | 03/07/2019 | Positive | Uzbekistan equalized the mandatory retirement age (60 years) for women and men. |
Uzbekistan | Europe & Central Asia | Entrepreneurship | 2021 | Resolution about measures for implementation of system of registration and issue of identification ID cards in the Republic of Uzbekistan | 09/02/2019 | 09/02/2019 | Positive | Uzbekistan made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination when providing financial services. |
Vanuatu | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 1974 | Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 | 05/23/1973 | 05/23/1973 | Positive | Vanuatu allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
Vanuatu | East Asia & Pacific | Entrepreneurship | 1983 | Penal Code | 08/07/1981 | 08/07/1981 | Positive | Vanuatu's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Vanuatu | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 1989 | Vanuatu National Provident Fund (Withdrawal Of Credits And Special Death Benefit) Regulations | 10/13/1986 | 08/10/1987 | Positive | Vanuatu introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. |
Vanuatu | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2010 | Family Protection Act 2008 | 12/22/2008 | 03/02/2009 | Positive | Vanuatu enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Venezuela, RB | Latin America & Caribbean | Assets | 1984 | Civil Code | 07/06/1982 | 07/26/1982 | Positive | Venezuela, RB granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during the marriage. It also granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. |
Venezuela, RB | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 1984 | Civil Code | 07/06/1982 | 07/26/1982 | Positive | Venezuela, RB allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. |
Venezuela, RB | Latin America & Caribbean | Mobility | 1984 | Civil Code | 07/06/1982 | 07/26/1982 | Positive | Venezuela, RB enacted a new Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Venezuela, RB | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1992 | Labor Law | 05/01/1991 | 05/01/1991 | Positive | Venezuela, RB prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Venezuela, RB | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 1992 | Organic Labor Act of 1990 | 11/27/1990 | 05/01/1991 | Positive | Venezuela, RB prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Venezuela, RB | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 1999 | Labor Law | 06/10/1997 | 06/10/1997 | Positive | Venezuela, RB increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Venezuela, RB | Latin America & Caribbean | Pay | 2007 | Decree No. 4447 of April 25, 2006 about the regulation of the Labor Code | 04/25/2006 | 04/28/2006 | Positive | Venezuela, RB eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night. |
Venezuela, RB | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2000 | Law on Violence against Women and the Family | 09/03/1998 | 01/01/1999 | Positive | Venezuela, RB enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Venezuela, RB | Latin America & Caribbean | Workplace | 2008 | Organic Law on the Right of Women to a Life Free of Violence | 03/19/2007 | 04/23/2007 | Positive | Venezuela, RB enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Venezuela, RB | Latin America & Caribbean | Parenthood | 2009 | Law for the protection of families, maternity and paternity | 07/26/2007 | 09/20/2007 | Positive | Venezuela, RB introduced paid paternity leave. |
Venezuela, RB | Latin America & Caribbean | Marriage | 2015 | Civil Code | 07/16/2013 | 07/16/2013 | Positive | Venezuela, RB gave women the same rights to remarry as men. |
Vietnam | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 1995 | Penal Code | 06/23/1994 | 01/01/1995 | Positive | Vietnam prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Vietnam | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 1996 | Labour Code 1994 | 06/23/1994 | 01/01/1995 | Positive | Vietnam prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also began administering maternity benefits through its social insurance system. |
Vietnam | East Asia & Pacific | Entrepreneurship | 2008 | The Law on Gender Equality | 11/29/2006 | 07/01/2007 | Positive | Vietnam's Gender Equality Law made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Vietnam | East Asia & Pacific | Marriage | 2009 | Law on Domestic Violence Prevention and Control No. 02/2007 | 11/21/2007 | 07/01/2008 | Positive | Vietnam enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Vietnam | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2014 | Labour Code | 06/18/2012 | 05/01/2013 | Positive | Vietnam mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Vietnam | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 2014 | Labour Code | 06/18/2012 | 05/01/2013 | Negative | Vietnam set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Vietnam | East Asia & Pacific | Workplace | 2014 | Labour Code | 06/18/2012 | 05/01/2013 | Positive | Vietnam enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Vietnam | East Asia & Pacific | Parenthood | 2017 | Labour Code | 11/20/2014 | 01/01/2016 | Positive | Vietnam introduced paid paternity leave. |
Vietnam | East Asia & Pacific | Pension | 2017 | Law on Social Insurance | 11/20/2014 | 01/01/2016 | Positive | Vietnam explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Vietnam | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2021 | Labour Code | 11/20/2019 | 01/31/2020 | Positive | Vietnam eliminated restrictions on women's employment in jobs deemed dangerous. |
Vietnam | East Asia & Pacific | Pay | 2022 | Circular No.10/2020/TT-BLDTBXH | 11/12/2020 | 01/01/2021 | Positive | Vietnam eliminated all restrictions on women's employment. Women can now work in industrial jobs in the same way as men. |
West Bank and Gaza | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 2001 | Labor Law No. (7) of 2000 | 04/30/2000 | 04/30/2000 | Positive | West Bank and Gaza prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
West Bank and Gaza | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2017 | Social Security Law 2016 | 09/29/2016 | 11/20/2016 | Positive | West Bank and Gaza began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. |
West Bank and Gaza | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 2017 | Social Security Law 2016 | 09/29/2016 | 11/20/2016 | Positive | West Bank and Gaza introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
West Bank and Gaza | Middle East & North Africa | Parenthood | 2020 | Labor Law No. (7) of 2000 | 01/28/2019 | 01/28/2019 | Negative | West Bank and Gaza reversed a previous reform that introduced the 2016 Social Security Law. Now employers are solely liable for paying maternity benefits. |
West Bank and Gaza | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 2020 | Social Security Law 2016 | 01/28/2019 | 01/28/2019 | Negative | West Bank and Gaza reversed a previous reform that introduced the 2016 Social Security Law. There is now no pension system for the private sector. |
Yemen, Rep. | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 1996 | Labor Code | 03/09/1995 | 03/09/1995 | Negative | The Republic of Yemen set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Yemen, Rep. | Middle East & North Africa | Workplace | 1996 | Labor Code | 03/09/1995 | 03/09/1995 | Positive | The Republic of Yemen prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Yemen, Rep. | Middle East & North Africa | Pension | 2009 | Law No. 15 of 2008 amending Law No. 5 of 1995 concerning the Labour Code | 04/14/2008 | 04/14/2008 | Positive | The Republic of Yemen equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. |
Zambia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 1984 | Employment Code Act | 08/20/1982 | 08/20/1982 | Positive | Zambia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Zambia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1990 | The Intestate Succession Act | 05/19/1989 | 05/19/1989 | Positive | Zambia equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. |
Zambia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 1992 | Employment of Young Persons and Children Act | 12/31/1991 | 12/31/1991 | Positive | Zambia eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and in industrial undertakings at night. |
Zambia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1994 | Industrial and Labour Relations Act | 04/30/1993 | 04/30/1993 | Positive | Zambia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Zambia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2013 | Anti-Gender-Based Violence Act 2011 | 04/15/2011 | 04/15/2011 | Positive | Zambia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |
Zambia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2017 | The Gender Equity and Equality Act | 12/23/2015 | 07/08/1905 | Positive | Zambia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Zambia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 2017 | The Gender Equity and Equality Act | 12/23/2015 | 07/08/1905 | Positive | Zambia introduced the Gender Equity and Equality Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man. |
Zambia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pay | 2017 | The Gender Equity and Equality Act | 12/24/2015 | 12/24/2015 | Positive | Zambia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. |
Zambia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2017 | The Gender Equity and Equality Act | 12/23/2015 | 12/24/2015 | Positive | Zambia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Zambia | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2020 | Employment Code Act | 04/11/2019 | 04/11/2019 | Positive | Zambia extended the duration of paid maternity leave from 84 to 98 days. |
Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 1984 | Legal Age of Majority Act | 12/10/1982 | 12/10/1982 | Positive | Zimbabwe allowed women to sign a legally binding contract, register a business, and sign a contract in the same way as men. |
Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Mobility | 1984 | Legal Age of Majority Act | 12/10/1982 | 12/10/1982 | Positive | Zimbabwe allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men. |
Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 1984 | Legal Age of Majority Act | 12/10/1982 | 12/10/1982 | Positive | Zimbabwe allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. |
Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1989 | Matrimonial Causes Act | 12/11/1987 | 12/11/1987 | Positive | Zimbabwe recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions. |
Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Assets | 1993 | Married Persons Property Act | 06/14/1991 | 06/14/1991 | Positive | Zimbabwe granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. |
Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Pension | 1995 | Pension and Other Benefits Scheme Statutory Instrument No. 393 of 1993 | 12/24/1993 | 12/24/1993 | Positive | Zimbabwe introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits. |
Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Entrepreneurship | 2000 | Prevention of Discrimination Act | 01/29/1999 | 01/29/1999 | Positive | Zimbabwe introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services. |
Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2003 | Labour Relations Amendment Act | 12/31/2002 | 03/07/2003 | Positive | Zimbabwe prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. |
Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2003 | Labour Act | 12/31/2002 | 03/07/2003 | Positive | Zimbabwe prohibited gender discrimination in employment. |
Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Parenthood | 2007 | Labour Act | 12/30/2005 | 12/30/2005 | Positive | Zimbabwe increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. |
Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Workplace | 2007 | Labour Act | 12/30/2005 | 12/30/2005 | Positive | Zimbabwe enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment. |
Zimbabwe | Sub-Saharan Africa | Marriage | 2008 | Domestic Violence Act | 02/26/2007 | 09/25/2007 | Positive | Zimbabwe enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence. |