Reforms

Women, Business and the Law tracks legal and regulatory changes for each of its eight indicators. A reform is considered any change in laws or regulations that results in an improvement of score from 0 to 1 in any of an indicator’s sub-questions.

Reforms published in the Women, Business and the Law 2021 report took place over the two-year period from September 2, 2019 to October 1, 2020. Twenty seven economies from all regions and income groups made the economic empowerment of women a priority by implementing reforms facilitating women's entrepreneurship and entry into the workforce. Over the same period, one economy implemented a change widening the legal gender gap.

Economies have implemented over 1500 reforms across all Women, Business and the Law indicators since 1971. Explore the reforms in the table below, or download the reform database here.

Economy	Region	Indicator	WBL Report Year	Type of Reform	Reform Description
Afghanistan	South Asia	Parenthood	1989	✔	Afghanistan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Afghanistan	South Asia	Pension	1989	x	Afghanistan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Afghanistan	South Asia	Parenthood	2000	x	Afghanistan no longer prohibits the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Afghanistan	South Asia	Pension	2000	✔	Afghanistan equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Afghanistan	South Asia	Parenthood	2008	✔	Afghanistan introduced paid paternity leave.
Afghanistan	South Asia	Mobility	2017	✔	Afghanistan enacted a new Passport Law which no longer requires a married woman to bring a guardian or written consent of her husband when applying for a passport.
Afghanistan	South Asia	Workplace	2017	✔	Afghanistan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment and also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1994	✔	Albania increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1994	✔	Albania explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1997	✔	Albania prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1997	✔	Albania no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	1997	✔	Albania prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	2008	✔	Albania enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Entrepreneurship	2011	✔	Albania introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2017	✔	Albania introduced paid paternity leave.
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2017	✔	Albania mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Parenthood	1976	✔	Algeria began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Pension	1984	✔	Algeria introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. The new system set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Parenthood	1985	✔	Algeria increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Parenthood	1991	✔	Algeria introduced paid paternity leave.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Pay	1991	✔	Algeria mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Pension	1998	x	Algeria set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Marriage	2006	✔	Algeria allowed women to be head of household. It no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Mobility	2006	✔	Algeria reformed its Family Code allowing a woman to leave the marital home without her husband's permission.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Workplace	2006	✔	Algeria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Marriage	2017	✔	Algeria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1983	✔	Angola prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	1989	✔	Angola granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	1989	✔	Angola introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	1989	✔	Angola allowed women to be head of household. It also gave women the same rights to remarry as men.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Mobility	1989	✔	Angola introduced new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1989	✔	Angola allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	2001	✔	Angola mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2001	✔	Angola prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	2012	✔	Angola began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	2013	✔	Angola made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2013	✔	Angola enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	2017	✔	Angola introduced paid paternity leave.
Antigua and Barbuda	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1974	✔	Antigua and Barbuda introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Antigua and Barbuda	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1977	✔	Antigua and Barbuda prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Antigua and Barbuda	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2000	✔	Antigua and Barbuda enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1976	✔	Argentina prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1976	x	Argentina set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	1977	✔	Argentina mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1977	✔	Argentina prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Entrepreneurship	1989	✔	Argentina enacted a Civil Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1989	✔	Argentina legalized divorce, equally granting the right to both spouses. There is no waiting period before remarriage for either spouse.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1989	✔	Argentina reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1989	✔	Argentina allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	1993	✔	Argentina lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1996	✔	Argentina enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	2005	✔	Argentina amended its civil code, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2010	✔	Argentina enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	2019	✔	Argentina equalized the mandatory retirement age (70 years) for women and men.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1972	x	Armenia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1973	✔	Armenia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1974	x	Armenia no longer prohibits the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1974	✔	Armenia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	1974	✔	Armenia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1997	✔	Armenia no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	2004	✔	Armenia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2006	✔	Armenia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2006	✔	Armenia eliminated all restrictions on women's employment and lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2006	✔	Armenia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	2012	✔	Armenia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2012	x	Armenia abrogated legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	2019	✔	Armenia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Australia	High income: OECD	Assets	1977	✔	Australia recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Australia	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1982	✔	Australia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Australia	High income: OECD	Mobility	1983	✔	Australia reformed its Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Australia	High income: OECD	Mobility	1984	✔	Australia introduced new legal amendments which no longer requires a married woman her husband's permission when applying for a passport.
Australia	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	1985	✔	Australia enacted the Sex Discrimination Act that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Australia	High income: OECD	Workplace	1985	✔	Australia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Australia	High income: OECD	Pay	1998	✔	Australia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Australia	High income: OECD	Workplace	1998	✔	Australia enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Australia	High income: OECD	Marriage	2010	✔	Australia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Australia	High income: OECD	Parenthood	2012	✔	Australia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks and its federal government began administering parental leave benefits. It also introduced paid parental leave.
Australia	High income: OECD	Parenthood	2014	✔	Australia introduced paid paternity leave.
Australia	High income: OECD	Pension	2015	✔	Australia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.
Austria	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1975	✔	Austria increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Austria	High income: OECD	Marriage	1977	✔	Austria allowed women to be head of household. Austria no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Austria	High income: OECD	Mobility	1977	✔	Austria reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Austria	High income: OECD	Assets	1980	✔	Austria granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. Austria also recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Austria	High income: OECD	Marriage	1980	✔	Austria gave women the same rights to remarry as men.
Austria	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1980	✔	Austria prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Austria	High income: OECD	Pay	1980	✔	Austria mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Austria	High income: OECD	Workplace	1980	✔	Austria prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Austria	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1992	✔	Austria introduced paid parental leave.
Austria	High income: OECD	Pension	1994	x	Austria set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Austria	High income: OECD	Workplace	1994	✔	Austria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Austria	High income: OECD	Marriage	1998	✔	Austria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Austria	High income: OECD	Pay	2004	✔	Austria lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Austria	High income: OECD	Pension	2006	✔	Austria explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Austria	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	2010	✔	Austria's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Austria	High income: OECD	Pay	2010	✔	Austria eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.
Austria	High income: OECD	Pension	2015	✔	Austria no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Austria	High income: OECD	Parenthood	2021	✔	Austria introduced 30 days of paid paternity leave.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1972	x	Azerbaijan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1973	✔	Azerbaijan increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1973	✔	Azerbaijan no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	1973	✔	Azerbaijan prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1994	✔	Azerbaijan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2001	✔	Azerbaijan introduced paid parental leave.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Entrepreneurship	2008	✔	Azerbaijan introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2008	✔	Azerbaijan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	2012	✔	Azerbaijan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1973	✔	The Bahamas introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	1984	✔	The Bahamas amended the Matrimonial Causes Act to recognize the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1986	✔	The Bahamas explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1989	✔	The Bahamas prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1993	✔	Bahamas, The enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1993	✔	The Bahamas enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	2003	✔	The Bahamas equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.
Bahamas, The	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2003	✔	The Bahamas prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Parenthood	1978	✔	Bahrain prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Pension	1978	✔	Bahrain introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Parenthood	1995	✔	Bahrain introduced paid paternity leave.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Mobility	2007	✔	Bahrain amended its Passport Law which no longer requires a married woman her husband's consent when applying for a passport.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Workplace	2014	✔	Bahrain prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Marriage	2017	✔	Bahrain enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Marriage	2019	✔	Bahrain began allowing women to be head of household.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Workplace	2020	✔	Bahrain enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Entrepreneurship	2021	✔	Bahrain made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Pay	2021	✔	Bahrain eliminated restrictions on women's employment in arduous jobs.
Bahrain	Middle East & North Africa	Pension	2021	✔	Bahrain explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Bangladesh	South Asia	Mobility	1974	✔	Bangladesh introduced new legislation which no longer requires a married woman her husband's information when applying for a passport.
Bangladesh	South Asia	Parenthood	2008	✔	Bangladesh increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Bangladesh	South Asia	Pay	2008	✔	Bangladesh lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Bangladesh	South Asia	Workplace	2010	✔	Bangladesh enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Bangladesh	South Asia	Marriage	2012	✔	Bangladesh enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Barbados	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1978	✔	Barbados prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Barbados	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1981	✔	Barbados introduced the Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Barbados	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	1983	✔	Barbados' new Family Law Act explicitly recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Barbados	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1993	✔	Barbados enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Barbados	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2019	✔	Barbados enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1972	x	Belarus set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1973	✔	Belarus prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	1974	✔	Belarus prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1993	✔	Belarus explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1995	✔	Belarus introduced paid parental leave.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	1996	✔	Belarus mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1996	✔	Belarus no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2001	✔	Belarus lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Belarus	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	2015	✔	Belarus enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Marriage	1973	✔	Belgium abolished a waiting period for remarriage, giving women the same rights to remarry as men.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Assets	1978	✔	Belgium granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	1978	✔	Belgium amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Mobility	1978	✔	Belgium introduced legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Workplace	1978	✔	Belgium allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1996	✔	Belgium prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Pay	1998	✔	Belgium lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Pension	1998	✔	Belgium equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1999	✔	Belgium introduced paid parental leave.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Workplace	2000	✔	Belgium prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Marriage	2004	✔	Belgium enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Workplace	2004	✔	Belgium enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	2008	✔	Belgium introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Pay	2010	✔	Belgium mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value
Belgium	High income: OECD	Pension	2010	✔	Belgium equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.
Belgium	High income: OECD	Pay	2012	✔	Belgium eliminated restrictions on women's employment in mining. It also allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1981	✔	Belize began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1982	✔	Belize introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1994	✔	Belize enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1998	✔	Belize enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2002	✔	Belize increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	2003	✔	Belize reformed its Supreme Court of Judicature Act to recognize the value of nonmonetary contributions, including "any contribution made in the capacity of housewife, homemaker or parent."
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2013	✔	Belize prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	1974	✔	Benin introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1975	✔	Benin prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	1999	✔	Benin mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1999	✔	Benin prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	2004	✔	Benin enacted new legislation that obliges employers to pay a portion of maternity benefits along with the social security system.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	2006	✔	Benin's new Family and Personal Code granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. It also equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	2006	✔	Benin introduced a Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man withouh her husband's consent.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2006	✔	Benin allowed women to be head of household.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2006	✔	Benin allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2008	✔	Benin enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2013	✔	Benin enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	Mobility	2021	✔	Benin allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men.
Bhutan	South Asia	Entrepreneurship	2002	x	Bhutan introduced a new companies law that prescribes additional procedures for women when registering a business compared to men.
Bhutan	South Asia	Parenthood	2008	✔	Bhutan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Bhutan	South Asia	Pay	2008	✔	Bhutan mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Bhutan	South Asia	Workplace	2008	✔	Bhutan prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Bhutan	South Asia	Parenthood	2011	✔	Bhutan introduced paid paternity leave.
Bhutan	South Asia	Marriage	2014	✔	Bhutan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	1974	✔	Bolivia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Entrepreneurship	1974	✔	Bolivia enacted a new Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1974	✔	Bolivia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1974	✔	Bolivia enacted a new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way a man.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1974	x	Bolivia introduced a legal provision that allows a husband to object to his wife's work.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1989	✔	Bolivia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1997	✔	Bolivia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	2009	✔	Bolivia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	2010	✔	Bolivia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Entrepreneurship	2012	✔	Bolivia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2014	✔	Bolivia introduced paid paternity leave.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2014	✔	Bolivia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2016	✔	Bolivia abolished a waiting period for remarriage, giving women the same rights to remarry as men.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	2016	✔	Bolivia lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night and in jobs deemed dangerous.
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2016	✔	Bolivia allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	2000	✔	Bosnia and Herzegovina equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. It no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2001	✔	Bosnia and Herzegovina introduced paid paternity leave.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2001	✔	Bosnia and Herzegovina prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2004	✔	Bosnia and Herzegovina mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2004	✔	Bosnia and Herzegovina enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	2006	✔	Bosnia and Herzegovina enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Entrepreneurship	2011	✔	Bosnia and Herzegovina's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	2017	✔	Bosnia and Herzegovina no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2018	✔	Bosnia and Herzegovina allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	2019	x	Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted a new law that allows women and men to retire with partial benefits at ages 56 and 61 respectively. The ages are set to equalize in 2026.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	1972	✔	Botswana equalized inheritance rights for male and female surviving spouses.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	1994	✔	Botswana lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	1997	✔	Botswana introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	1998	✔	Botswana eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	2006	✔	Botswana abolished marital power, granting spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	2006	✔	Botswana abolished its marital power provision allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2006	✔	Botswana allowed women to be head of household.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Mobility	2006	✔	Botswana introduced new legislation abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2006	✔	Botswana allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2009	✔	Botswana enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1975	✔	Brazil began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1975	x	Brazil set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1979	✔	Brazil legalized divorce. The process is the same for women and men.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1990	✔	Brazil increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	1990	✔	Brazil lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	1991	✔	Brazil allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1991	✔	Brazil allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	2000	✔	Brazil explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2000	✔	Brazil prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2002	✔	Brazil enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	2003	✔	Brazil granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Entrepreneurship	2003	✔	Brazil introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to register a business in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2003	✔	Brazil allowed women to be head of household. Brazil gave women the same rights to remarry as men.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	2003	✔	Brazil introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2008	✔	Brazil enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	2021	✔	Brazil eliminated the possibility to retire with partial pension benefits. Previously, the ages at which men and women could retire with partial pension benefits were unequal.
Brunei Darussalam	East Asia & Pacific	Pension	1985	✔	Brunei Darussalam explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Brunei Darussalam	East Asia & Pacific	Assets	2001	✔	Brunei Darussalam recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Brunei Darussalam	East Asia & Pacific	Marriage	2001	✔	Brunei Darussalam enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Brunei Darussalam	East Asia & Pacific	Pay	2011	✔	Brunei Darussalam eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and at night in industrial undertakings. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	1988	✔	Bulgaria prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2002	✔	Bulgaria introduced paid parental leave.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2002	✔	Bulgaria mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2005	✔	Bulgaria prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2005	✔	Bulgaria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	2006	✔	Bulgaria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2006	✔	Bulgaria lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2010	✔	Bulgaria introduced paid paternity leave.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	2012	x	Bulgaria set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Entrepreneurship	2014	✔	Bulgaria introduced the Protection Discrimination Act that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2017	✔	Bulgaria eliminated restrictions on women's employment in certain industries by limiting them to pregnant and nursing women.
Bulgaria	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	2017	x	Bulgaria set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	1991	✔	Burkina Faso granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	1991	✔	Burkina Faso enacted a Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	1991	✔	Burkina Faso allowed women to be head of household.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1991	✔	Burkina Faso allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1994	✔	Burkina Faso prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	1994	✔	Burkina Faso lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1994	✔	Burkina Faso prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2006	✔	Burkina Faso enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2020	✔	Burkina Faso enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1973	✔	Burundi introduced paid paternity leave.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	1994	✔	Burundi no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. Burundi allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Mobility	1994	✔	Burundi introduced a new Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1994	✔	Burundi allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1995	✔	Burundi prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1995	✔	Burundi prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2010	✔	Burundi enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2010	✔	Burundi enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	1978	✔	Cabo Verde granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	1982	✔	Cabo Verde gave women the same rights to remarry as men.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	1983	✔	Cabo Verde ameded its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	1983	✔	Cabo Verde allowed women to be head of household.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Mobility	1983	✔	Cabo Verde amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1983	✔	Cabo Verde allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	1984	✔	Cabo Verde introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	2005	✔	Cabo Verde's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2005	✔	Cabo Verde enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	2005	✔	Cabo Verde explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2005	✔	Cabo Verde enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	2009	✔	Cabo Verde prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2009	✔	Cabo Verde prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Assets	1991	✔	Cambodia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Parenthood	1995	✔	Cambodia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Workplace	1998	✔	Cambodia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Marriage	2007	✔	Cambodia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Pay	2009	✔	Cambodia lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Entrepreneurship	2011	✔	Cambodia's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Workplace	2011	✔	Cambodia adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Cameroon	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1992	✔	Cameroon increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Cameroon	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1994	✔	Cameroon prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Cameroon	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2018	✔	Cameroon prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Canada	High income: OECD	Workplace	1971	✔	Canada prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Canada	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1973	✔	Canada increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Canada	High income: OECD	Assets	1976	✔	Canada enacted the Family Law Reform Act, recognizing the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Canada	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	1978	✔	Canada introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Canada	High income: OECD	Pension	1979	✔	Canada explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Canada	High income: OECD	Mobility	1980	✔	Canada enacted the Family Reform Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Canada	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1986	✔	Canada prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Canada	High income: OECD	Workplace	1986	✔	Canada enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Canada	High income: OECD	Pay	1988	✔	Canada mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Canada	High income: OECD	Marriage	1991	✔	Canada enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Canada	High income: OECD	Workplace	1991	✔	Canada adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Canada	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1992	✔	Canada introduced paid parental leave.
Canada	High income: OECD	Parenthood	2020	✔	Canada introduced a new parental leave sharing benefit that reserves 35 days of paid parental leave for the father.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1977	✔	The Central African Republic introduced paid paternity leave.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	1999	✔	Central African Republic granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	1999	✔	Central African Republic introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man whithout the representation of her husband.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1999	✔	The Central African Republic allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2008	✔	Central African Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	2008	✔	The Central African Republic equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2008	✔	The Central African Republic enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2010	✔	The Central African Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	1979	✔	Chad introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1998	✔	Chad prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	1998	✔	Chad mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1998	✔	Chad prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2018	✔	Chad enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2018	✔	Chad enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Chile	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1974	✔	Chile increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Chile	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	1991	✔	Chile amended its Civil Code abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Chile	High income: OECD	Marriage	1991	✔	Chile no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Chile	High income: OECD	Mobility	1991	✔	Chile amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Chile	High income: OECD	Workplace	1991	✔	Chile allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Chile	High income: OECD	Pay	1995	✔	Chile allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.
Chile	High income: OECD	Workplace	2004	✔	Chile prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Chile	High income: OECD	Workplace	2006	✔	Chile enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Chile	High income: OECD	Marriage	2007	✔	Chile enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Chile	High income: OECD	Parenthood	2007	✔	Chile introduced paid paternity leave.
Chile	High income: OECD	Pension	2009	✔	Chile explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Chile	High income: OECD	Parenthood	2013	✔	Chile introduced paid parental leave.
Chile	High income: OECD	Marriage	2021	✔	Chile gave women the same rights to remarry as men.
China	East Asia & Pacific	Parenthood	1990	✔	China prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
China	East Asia & Pacific	Workplace	1996	✔	China prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
China	East Asia & Pacific	Parenthood	2003	✔	China introduced a social security system that administers maternity benefits.
China	East Asia & Pacific	Parenthood	2005	✔	China increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.
China	East Asia & Pacific	Marriage	2007	✔	China enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
China	East Asia & Pacific	Pension	2009	x	China set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
China	East Asia & Pacific	Workplace	2013	✔	China enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1976	✔	Colombia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1976	✔	Colombia reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1977	✔	Colombia allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1998	✔	Colombia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2003	✔	The Supreme Court of Colombia ruled a waiting period for women before remarriage unconstitutional.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2004	✔	Colombia introduced paid paternity leave.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2007	✔	Colombia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2013	✔	Colombia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2013	✔	Colombia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	2018	✔	Colombia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1983	✔	Comoros increased the duration of paid maternity leave to 14 weeks.
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1985	✔	Comoros prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1985	✔	Comoros prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	2014	✔	Comoros mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2014	✔	Comoros enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2016	✔	Comoros enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	2016	✔	Comoros introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	1989	✔	The Democratic Republic of Congo equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	1989	x	Congo, Dem. Rep. introduced a new family law that obliges a married woman to obey her husband.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	2000	✔	The Democratic Republic of Congo increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	2004	✔	The Democratic Republic of Congo prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	2004	✔	The Democratic Republic of Congo lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2004	✔	The Democratic Republic of Congo enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	2017	✔	Congo, Dem. Rep. introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2017	✔	The Democratic Republic of Congo prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	2018	✔	Congo, Dem. Rep. amended its Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2018	✔	Congo, Dem. Rep. no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Mobility	2018	✔	Congo, Dem. Rep. reformed its Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	2018	✔	The Democratic Republic of Congo eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2018	✔	The Democratic Republic of Congo allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	2020	✔	The Democratic Republic of Congo introduced social insurance maternity benefits. Maternity leave is now paid by the government instead of the employer.
Congo, Dem. Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	2020	✔	The Democratic Republic of Congo equalized the retirement age (60 years) for women and men and established pension credits for periods of child care.
Congo, Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	1986	✔	Congo, Rep. introduced a Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.
Congo, Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1986	✔	The Republic of Congo allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Congo, Rep.	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	1987	✔	Congo, Rep. explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1975	✔	Costa Rica introduced divorce by mutual consent. The process is equal for women and men.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1987	✔	Costa Rica increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1996	✔	Costa Rica explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1996	✔	Costa Rica enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1997	✔	Costa Rica enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2009	✔	The Supreme Court of Costa Rica annulled a waiting period for women before remarriage.
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	2021	✔	Costa Rica lifted the ban on women's night work.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Entrepreneurship	1985	✔	Côte d'Ivoire amended its Marriage Law allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1996	✔	Côte d'Ivoire prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	1996	✔	Côte d'Ivoire mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1996	✔	Côte d'Ivoire prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2000	✔	Côte d'Ivoire enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	2014	✔	Côte d'Ivoire allowed women to be head of household.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Mobility	2014	✔	Côte d'Ivoire reformed its Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2014	✔	Côte d'Ivoire allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	2020	✔	Côte d’Ivoire granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1991	✔	Croatia equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	1996	✔	Croatia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	1996	✔	Croatia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	2005	✔	Croatia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2005	✔	Croatia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Entrepreneurship	2009	✔	Croatia's Anti-Discrimination Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2010	✔	Croatia introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.
Croatia	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	2011	✔	Croatia eliminated restrictions on women's employment in certain industries, including the mining and water industries. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Pension	1974	✔	Cyprus explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1988	✔	Cyprus prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	1989	✔	Cyprus increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Pay	1991	✔	Cyprus mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Assets	1992	✔	Cyprus recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Marriage	1996	✔	Cyprus enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Workplace	2004	✔	Cyprus prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Entrepreneurship	2009	✔	Cyprus introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Cyprus	Europe & Central Asia	Parenthood	2019	✔	Cyprus introduced 10 days of paid paternity leave.
Czech Republic	High income: OECD	Pay	1981	✔	The Czech Republic allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.
Czech Republic	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1992	✔	The Czech Republic introduced paid parental leave.
Czech Republic	High income: OECD	Pay	1996	✔	The Czech Republic lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Czech Republic	High income: OECD	Marriage	2007	✔	Czech Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Czech Republic	High income: OECD	Workplace	2007	✔	The Czech Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Czech Republic	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	2009	✔	Czech Republic's Anti-Discrimination Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Czech Republic	High income: OECD	Workplace	2009	✔	The Czech Republic enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Czech Republic	High income: OECD	Pay	2013	✔	The Czech Republic eliminated restrictions on women's employment in manufacturing.
Czech Republic	High income: OECD	Parenthood	2019	✔	The Czech Republic introduced five days of paid paternity leave.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1986	✔	Denmark introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1990	✔	Denmark prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Pension	1993	✔	Denmark explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Workplace	1999	✔	Denmark prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Workplace	2001	✔	Denmark enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	2009	✔	Denmark introduced new legitation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Pay	2009	✔	Denmark mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Denmark	High income: OECD	Marriage	2013	✔	Denmark enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	Pension	1991	✔	Djibouti introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	Entrepreneurship	1996	✔	Djibouti's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	Workplace	2006	✔	Djibouti prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	Pay	2007	✔	Djibouti mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	Marriage	2019	✔	Djibouti enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	Workplace	2020	✔	Djibouti enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
Dominica	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	1974	✔	Dominica recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.
Dominica	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1974	✔	Dominica allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.
Dominica	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1977	✔	Dominica introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Dominica	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2003	✔	Dominica enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Entrepreneurship	1980	✔	Dominican Republic amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1980	✔	Dominican Republic no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1980	✔	Dominican Republic reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1980	✔	The Dominican Republic allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	1993	✔	The Dominican Republic introduced paid paternity leave.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	1993	✔	The Dominican Republic lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1993	✔	The Dominican Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1998	✔	Dominican Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1998	✔	The Dominican Republic adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	2003	✔	The Dominican Republic granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Entrepreneurship	2016	✔	Dominican Republic's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2018	✔	The Dominican Republic increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	1972	✔	Ecuador removed provisions designating the husband as administrator of property, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Entrepreneurship	1972	✔	Ecuador amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1972	✔	Ecuador allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1972	✔	Ecuador allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1990	✔	Ecuador introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1991	✔	Ecuador no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1991	✔	Ecuador reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1997	✔	Ecuador enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Pay	2000	✔	Ecuador mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2000	✔	Ecuador enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	2003	✔	Ecuador explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2007	✔	Ecuador introduced paid paternity leave.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	2010	✔	Ecuador prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	2017	✔	Ecuador amended its Civil Code to allow women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. A waiting period for women of 300 days before remarriage was also abolished.
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Marriage	1987	x	Egypt, Arab Rep. introduced a new personal status law that obliges a married woman to obey her husband.
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Pension	1987	✔	The Arab Republic of Egypt explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Parenthood	1992	✔	The Arab Republic of Egypt prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Mobility	2002	✔	Egypt, Arab Rep.'s Constitutional Court Decision removed restriction for a married woman to travel abroad without her husband's permission.
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Workplace	2004	✔	The Arab Republic of Egypt prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Egypt, Arab Rep.	Middle East & North Africa	Workplace	2016	✔	The Arab Republic of Egypt enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Assets	1995	✔	El Salvador recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1995	✔	El Salvador no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. El Salvador allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Mobility	1995	✔	El Salvador introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1995	✔	El Salvador prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Marriage	1998	✔	El Salvador enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Pension	1998	✔	El Salvador explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Workplace	1999	✔	El Salvador enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Entrepreneurship	2007	✔	El Salvador enacted a new Consumer Protection Law that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2009	✔	El Salvador began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2014	✔	El Salvador introduced paid paternity leave.
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Parenthood	2017	✔	El Salvador increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Equatorial Guinea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1985	✔	Equatorial Guinea began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.
Equatorial Guinea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pension	1985	✔	Equatorial Guinea introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.
Equatorial Guinea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1991	✔	Equatorial Guinea prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Equatorial Guinea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	1991	✔	Equatorial Guinea prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Equatorial Guinea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	2014	✔	Equatorial Guinea introduced paid paternity leave.
Equatorial Guinea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Pay	2014	✔	Equatorial Guinea mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Eritrea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Assets	1993	✔	Eritrea granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.
Eritrea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Marriage	1993	✔	Eritrea allowed women to be head of household. Eritrea no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Eritrea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Mobility	1993	✔	Eritrea introduced the Transitional Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.
Eritrea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Parenthood	1993	✔	Eritrea prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Eritrea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Workplace	2003	✔	Eritrea prohibited gender discrimination in employment.
Estonia	High income: OECD	Pension	1972	x	Estonia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.
Estonia	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1973	✔	Estonia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.
Estonia	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1974	✔	Estonia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.
Estonia	High income: OECD	Parenthood	1993	✔	Estonia introduced paid parental leave.
Estonia	High income: OECD	Pay	1993	✔	Estonia lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.
Estonia	High income: OECD	Pension	1993	✔	Estonia no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.
Estonia	High income: OECD	Parenthood	2003	✔	Estonia introduced paid paternity leave.
Estonia	High income: OECD	Pension	2003	✔	Estonia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.
Estonia	High income: OECD	Pay	2005	✔	Estonia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.
Estonia	High income: OECD	Workplace	2005	✔	Estonia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.
Estonia	High income: OECD	Pay	2010	✔	Estonia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.
Estonia	High income: OECD	Entrepreneurship	2011	✔	Estonia's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Economy

Region

Indicator

WBL Report Year

Type of Reform

Reform Description

Afghanistan

South Asia

Parenthood

1989

✔

Afghanistan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Afghanistan

South Asia

Pension

1989

Afghanistan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Afghanistan

South Asia

Parenthood

2000

Afghanistan no longer prohibits the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Afghanistan

South Asia

Pension

2000

✔

Afghanistan equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Afghanistan

South Asia

Parenthood

2008

✔

Afghanistan introduced paid paternity leave.

Afghanistan

South Asia

Mobility

2017

✔

Afghanistan enacted a new Passport Law which no longer requires a married woman to bring a guardian or written consent of her husband when applying for a passport.

Afghanistan

South Asia

Workplace

2017

✔

Afghanistan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment and also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1994

✔

Albania increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1994

✔

Albania explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1997

✔

Albania prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1997

✔

Albania no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1997

✔

Albania prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2008

✔

Albania enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2011

✔

Albania introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2017

✔

Albania introduced paid paternity leave.

Albania

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2017

✔

Albania mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

1976

✔

Algeria began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1984

✔

Algeria introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. The new system set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

1985

✔

Algeria increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

1991

✔

Algeria introduced paid paternity leave.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

1991

✔

Algeria mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1998

Algeria set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2006

✔

Algeria allowed women to be head of household. It no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2006

✔

Algeria reformed its Family Code allowing a woman to leave the marital home without her husband's permission.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2006

✔

Algeria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Algeria

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2017

✔

Algeria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1983

✔

Angola prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1989

✔

Angola granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1989

✔

Angola introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1989

✔

Angola allowed women to be head of household. It also gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1989

✔

Angola introduced new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1989

✔

Angola allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2001

✔

Angola mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2001

✔

Angola prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2012

✔

Angola began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2013

✔

Angola made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2013

✔

Angola enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Angola

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2017

✔

Angola introduced paid paternity leave.

Antigua and Barbuda

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1974

✔

Antigua and Barbuda introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Antigua and Barbuda

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1977

✔

Antigua and Barbuda prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Antigua and Barbuda

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2000

✔

Antigua and Barbuda enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1976

✔

Argentina prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1976

Argentina set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1977

✔

Argentina mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1977

✔

Argentina prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1989

✔

Argentina enacted a Civil Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1989

✔

Argentina legalized divorce, equally granting the right to both spouses. There is no waiting period before remarriage for either spouse.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1989

✔

Argentina reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1989

✔

Argentina allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1993

✔

Argentina lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1996

✔

Argentina enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2005

✔

Argentina amended its civil code, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2010

✔

Argentina enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Argentina

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2019

✔

Argentina equalized the mandatory retirement age (70 years) for women and men.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

Armenia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1973

✔

Armenia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1974

Armenia no longer prohibits the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1974

✔

Armenia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1974

✔

Armenia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1997

✔

Armenia no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2004

✔

Armenia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2006

✔

Armenia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2006

✔

Armenia eliminated all restrictions on women's employment and lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2006

✔

Armenia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2012

✔

Armenia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2012

Armenia abrogated legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Armenia

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2019

✔

Armenia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Australia

High income: OECD

Assets

1977

✔

Australia recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Australia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1982

✔

Australia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Australia

High income: OECD

Mobility

1983

✔

Australia reformed its Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Australia

High income: OECD

Mobility

1984

✔

Australia introduced new legal amendments which no longer requires a married woman her husband's permission when applying for a passport.

Australia

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1985

✔

Australia enacted the Sex Discrimination Act that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Australia

High income: OECD

Workplace

1985

✔

Australia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Australia

High income: OECD

Pay

1998

✔

Australia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Australia

High income: OECD

Workplace

1998

✔

Australia enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Australia

High income: OECD

Marriage

2010

✔

Australia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Australia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2012

✔

Australia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks and its federal government began administering parental leave benefits. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Australia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2014

✔

Australia introduced paid paternity leave.

Australia

High income: OECD

Pension

2015

✔

Australia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Austria

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1975

✔

Austria increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Austria

High income: OECD

Marriage

1977

✔

Austria allowed women to be head of household. Austria no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Austria

High income: OECD

Mobility

1977

✔

Austria reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Austria

High income: OECD

Assets

1980

✔

Austria granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. Austria also recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Austria

High income: OECD

Marriage

1980

✔

Austria gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Austria

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1980

✔

Austria prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Austria

High income: OECD

Pay

1980

✔

Austria mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Austria

High income: OECD

Workplace

1980

✔

Austria prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Austria

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1992

✔

Austria introduced paid parental leave.

Austria

High income: OECD

Pension

1994

Austria set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Austria

High income: OECD

Workplace

1994

✔

Austria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Austria

High income: OECD

Marriage

1998

✔

Austria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Austria

High income: OECD

Pay

2004

✔

Austria lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Austria

High income: OECD

Pension

2006

✔

Austria explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Austria

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2010

✔

Austria's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Austria

High income: OECD

Pay

2010

✔

Austria eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Austria

High income: OECD

Pension

2015

✔

Austria no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Austria

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2021

✔

Austria introduced 30 days of paid paternity leave.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

Azerbaijan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1973

✔

Azerbaijan increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1973

✔

Azerbaijan no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1973

✔

Azerbaijan prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1994

✔

Azerbaijan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2001

✔

Azerbaijan introduced paid parental leave.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2008

✔

Azerbaijan introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2008

✔

Azerbaijan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Azerbaijan

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2012

✔

Azerbaijan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1973

✔

The Bahamas introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1984

✔

The Bahamas amended the Matrimonial Causes Act to recognize the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1986

✔

The Bahamas explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1989

✔

The Bahamas prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1993

✔

Bahamas, The enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1993

✔

The Bahamas enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2003

✔

The Bahamas equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Bahamas, The

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2003

✔

The Bahamas prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

1978

✔

Bahrain prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1978

✔

Bahrain introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

1995

✔

Bahrain introduced paid paternity leave.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2007

✔

Bahrain amended its Passport Law which no longer requires a married woman her husband's consent when applying for a passport.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2014

✔

Bahrain prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2017

✔

Bahrain enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2019

✔

Bahrain began allowing women to be head of household.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2020

✔

Bahrain enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

2021

✔

Bahrain made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2021

✔

Bahrain eliminated restrictions on women's employment in arduous jobs.

Bahrain

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2021

✔

Bahrain explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension
benefits.

Bangladesh

South Asia

Mobility

1974

✔

Bangladesh introduced new legislation which no longer requires a married woman her husband's information when applying for a passport.

Bangladesh

South Asia

Parenthood

2008

✔

Bangladesh increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Bangladesh

South Asia

Pay

2008

✔

Bangladesh lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Bangladesh

South Asia

Workplace

2010

✔

Bangladesh enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Bangladesh

South Asia

Marriage

2012

✔

Bangladesh enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Barbados

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1978

✔

Barbados prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Barbados

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1981

✔

Barbados introduced the Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Barbados

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1983

✔

Barbados' new Family Law Act explicitly recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Barbados

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1993

✔

Barbados enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Barbados

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2019

✔

Barbados enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

Belarus set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1973

✔

Belarus prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1974

✔

Belarus prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1993

✔

Belarus explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1995

✔

Belarus introduced paid parental leave.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

1996

✔

Belarus mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1996

✔

Belarus no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2001

✔

Belarus lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Belarus

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2015

✔

Belarus enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Marriage

1973

✔

Belgium abolished a waiting period for remarriage, giving women the same rights to remarry as men.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Assets

1978

✔

Belgium granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1978

✔

Belgium amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Mobility

1978

✔

Belgium introduced legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Workplace

1978

✔

Belgium allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1996

✔

Belgium prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Pay

1998

✔

Belgium lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Pension

1998

✔

Belgium equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1999

✔

Belgium introduced paid parental leave.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Workplace

2000

✔

Belgium prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Marriage

2004

✔

Belgium enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Workplace

2004

✔

Belgium enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2008

✔

Belgium introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Pay

2010

✔

Belgium mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value

Belgium

High income: OECD

Pension

2010

✔

Belgium equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Belgium

High income: OECD

Pay

2012

✔

Belgium eliminated restrictions on women's employment in mining. It also allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Belize

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1981

✔

Belize began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Belize

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1982

✔

Belize introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Belize

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1994

✔

Belize enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Belize

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1998

✔

Belize enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Belize

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2002

✔

Belize increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Belize

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2003

✔

Belize reformed its Supreme Court of Judicature Act to recognize the value of nonmonetary contributions, including "any contribution made in the capacity of housewife, homemaker or parent."

Belize

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2013

✔

Belize prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1974

✔

Benin introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1975

✔

Benin prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1999

✔

Benin mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1999

✔

Benin prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2004

✔

Benin enacted new legislation that obliges employers to pay a portion of maternity benefits along with the social security system.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2006

✔

Benin's new Family and Personal Code granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. It also equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2006

✔

Benin introduced a Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man withouh her husband's consent.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2006

✔

Benin allowed women to be head of household.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2006

✔

Benin allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2008

✔

Benin enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2013

✔

Benin enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Benin

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2021

✔

Benin allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men.

Bhutan

South Asia

Entrepreneurship

2002

Bhutan introduced a new companies law that prescribes additional procedures for women when registering a business compared to men.

Bhutan

South Asia

Parenthood

2008

✔

Bhutan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Bhutan

South Asia

Pay

2008

✔

Bhutan mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Bhutan

South Asia

Workplace

2008

✔

Bhutan prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Bhutan

South Asia

Parenthood

2011

✔

Bhutan introduced paid paternity leave.

Bhutan

South Asia

Marriage

2014

✔

Bhutan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1974

✔

Bolivia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1974

✔

Bolivia enacted a new Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1974

✔

Bolivia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1974

✔

Bolivia enacted a new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way a man.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1974

Bolivia introduced a legal provision that allows a husband to object to his wife's work.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1989

✔

Bolivia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1997

✔

Bolivia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2009

✔

Bolivia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2010

✔

Bolivia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2012

✔

Bolivia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2014

✔

Bolivia introduced paid paternity leave.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2014

✔

Bolivia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2016

✔

Bolivia abolished a waiting period for remarriage, giving women the same rights to remarry as men.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2016

✔

Bolivia lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night and in jobs deemed dangerous.

Bolivia

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2016

✔

Bolivia allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2000

✔

Bosnia and Herzegovina equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. It no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2001

✔

Bosnia and Herzegovina introduced paid paternity leave.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2001

✔

Bosnia and Herzegovina prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2004

✔

Bosnia and Herzegovina mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2004

✔

Bosnia and Herzegovina enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2006

✔

Bosnia and Herzegovina enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2011

✔

Bosnia and Herzegovina's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2017

✔

Bosnia and Herzegovina no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2018

✔

Bosnia and Herzegovina allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2019

Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted a new law that allows women and men to retire with partial benefits at ages 56 and 61 respectively. The ages are set to equalize in 2026.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1972

✔

Botswana equalized inheritance rights for male and female surviving spouses.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1994

✔

Botswana lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1997

✔

Botswana introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1998

✔

Botswana eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2006

✔

Botswana abolished marital power, granting spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2006

✔

Botswana abolished its marital power provision allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2006

✔

Botswana allowed women to be head of household.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2006

✔

Botswana introduced new legislation abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2006

✔

Botswana allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Botswana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2009

✔

Botswana enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1975

✔

Brazil began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1975

Brazil set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1979

✔

Brazil legalized divorce. The process is the same for women and men.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1990

✔

Brazil increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1990

✔

Brazil lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1991

✔

Brazil allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1991

✔

Brazil allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2000

✔

Brazil explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2000

✔

Brazil prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2002

✔

Brazil enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2003

✔

Brazil granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2003

✔

Brazil introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to register a business in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2003

✔

Brazil allowed women to be head of household. Brazil gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

2003

✔

Brazil introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2008

✔

Brazil enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Brazil

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2021

✔

Brazil eliminated the possibility to retire with partial pension benefits. Previously, the ages at which men and women could retire with partial pension benefits were unequal.

Brunei Darussalam

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1985

✔

Brunei Darussalam explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Brunei Darussalam

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

2001

✔

Brunei Darussalam recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Brunei Darussalam

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2001

✔

Brunei Darussalam enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Brunei Darussalam

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2011

✔

Brunei Darussalam eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and at night in industrial undertakings. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1988

✔

Bulgaria prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2002

✔

Bulgaria introduced paid parental leave.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2002

✔

Bulgaria mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2005

✔

Bulgaria prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2005

✔

Bulgaria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2006

✔

Bulgaria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2006

✔

Bulgaria lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2010

✔

Bulgaria introduced paid paternity leave.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2012

Bulgaria set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2014

✔

Bulgaria introduced the Protection Discrimination Act that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2017

✔

Bulgaria eliminated restrictions on women's employment in certain industries by limiting them to pregnant and nursing women.

Bulgaria

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2017

Bulgaria set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1991

✔

Burkina Faso granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1991

✔

Burkina Faso enacted a Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1991

✔

Burkina Faso allowed women to be head of household.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1991

✔

Burkina Faso allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1994

✔

Burkina Faso prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1994

✔

Burkina Faso lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1994

✔

Burkina Faso prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2006

✔

Burkina Faso enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Burkina Faso

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2020

✔

Burkina Faso enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1973

✔

Burundi introduced paid paternity leave.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1994

✔

Burundi no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. Burundi allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1994

✔

Burundi introduced a new Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1994

✔

Burundi allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1995

✔

Burundi prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1995

✔

Burundi prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2010

✔

Burundi enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Burundi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2010

✔

Burundi enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1978

✔

Cabo Verde granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1982

✔

Cabo Verde gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1983

✔

Cabo Verde ameded its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1983

✔

Cabo Verde allowed women to be head of household.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1983

✔

Cabo Verde amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1983

✔

Cabo Verde allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1984

✔

Cabo Verde introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2005

✔

Cabo Verde's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2005

✔

Cabo Verde enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2005

✔

Cabo Verde explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2005

✔

Cabo Verde enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2009

✔

Cabo Verde prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Cabo Verde

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2009

✔

Cabo Verde prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

1991

✔

Cambodia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1995

✔

Cambodia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1998

✔

Cambodia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2007

✔

Cambodia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2009

✔

Cambodia lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

2011

✔

Cambodia's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2011

✔

Cambodia adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Cameroon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1992

✔

Cameroon increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Cameroon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1994

✔

Cameroon prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Cameroon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2018

✔

Cameroon prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment and adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Canada

High income: OECD

Workplace

1971

✔

Canada prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Canada

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1973

✔

Canada increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Canada

High income: OECD

Assets

1976

✔

Canada enacted the Family Law Reform Act, recognizing the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Canada

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1978

✔

Canada introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Canada

High income: OECD

Pension

1979

✔

Canada explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Canada

High income: OECD

Mobility

1980

✔

Canada enacted the Family Reform Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Canada

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1986

✔

Canada prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Canada

High income: OECD

Workplace

1986

✔

Canada enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Canada

High income: OECD

Pay

1988

✔

Canada mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Canada

High income: OECD

Marriage

1991

✔

Canada enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Canada

High income: OECD

Workplace

1991

✔

Canada adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Canada

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1992

✔

Canada introduced paid parental leave.

Canada

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2020

✔

Canada introduced a new parental leave sharing benefit that reserves 35 days of paid parental leave for the father.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1977

✔

The Central African Republic introduced paid paternity leave.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1999

✔

Central African Republic granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1999

✔

Central African Republic introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man whithout the representation of her husband.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1999

✔

The Central African Republic allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2008

✔

Central African Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2008

✔

The Central African Republic equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2008

✔

The Central African Republic enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Central African Republic

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2010

✔

The Central African Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Chad

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1979

✔

Chad introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Chad

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1998

✔

Chad prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Chad

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1998

✔

Chad mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Chad

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1998

✔

Chad prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Chad

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2018

✔

Chad enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Chad

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2018

✔

Chad enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Chile

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1974

✔

Chile increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Chile

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1991

✔

Chile amended its Civil Code abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Chile

High income: OECD

Marriage

1991

✔

Chile no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Chile

High income: OECD

Mobility

1991

✔

Chile amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Chile

High income: OECD

Workplace

1991

✔

Chile allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Chile

High income: OECD

Pay

1995

✔

Chile allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

Chile

High income: OECD

Workplace

2004

✔

Chile prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Chile

High income: OECD

Workplace

2006

✔

Chile enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Chile

High income: OECD

Marriage

2007

✔

Chile enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Chile

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2007

✔

Chile introduced paid paternity leave.

Chile

High income: OECD

Pension

2009

✔

Chile explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Chile

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2013

✔

Chile introduced paid parental leave.

Chile

High income: OECD

Marriage

2021

✔

Chile gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

China

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1990

✔

China prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

China

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1996

✔

China prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

China

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2003

✔

China introduced a social security system that administers maternity benefits.

China

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2005

✔

China increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

China

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2007

✔

China enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

China

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

2009

China set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

China

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2013

✔

China enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1976

✔

Colombia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1976

✔

Colombia reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1977

✔

Colombia allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1998

✔

Colombia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2003

✔

The Supreme Court of Colombia ruled a waiting period for women before remarriage unconstitutional.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2004

✔

Colombia introduced paid paternity leave.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2007

✔

Colombia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2013

✔

Colombia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2013

✔

Colombia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Colombia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2018

✔

Colombia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Comoros

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1983

✔

Comoros increased the duration of paid maternity leave to 14 weeks.

Comoros

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1985

✔

Comoros prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Comoros

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1985

✔

Comoros prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Comoros

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2014

✔

Comoros mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Comoros

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2014

✔

Comoros enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Comoros

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2016

✔

Comoros enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Comoros

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2016

✔

Comoros introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1989

✔

The Democratic Republic of Congo equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1989

Congo, Dem. Rep. introduced a new family law that obliges a married woman to obey her husband.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2000

✔

The Democratic Republic of Congo increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2004

✔

The Democratic Republic of Congo prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2004

✔

The Democratic Republic of Congo lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2004

✔

The Democratic Republic of Congo enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2017

✔

Congo, Dem. Rep. introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2017

✔

The Democratic Republic of Congo prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2018

✔

Congo, Dem. Rep. amended its Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2018

✔

Congo, Dem. Rep. no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2018

✔

Congo, Dem. Rep. reformed its Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2018

✔

The Democratic Republic of Congo eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2018

✔

The Democratic Republic of Congo allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2020

✔

The Democratic Republic of Congo introduced social insurance maternity benefits. Maternity leave is now paid by the government instead of the employer.

Congo, Dem. Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2020

✔

The Democratic Republic of Congo equalized the retirement age (60 years) for women and men and established pension credits for periods of child care.

Congo, Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1986

✔

Congo, Rep. introduced a Family Code allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.

Congo, Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1986

✔

The Republic of Congo allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Congo, Rep.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1987

✔

Congo, Rep. explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1975

✔

Costa Rica introduced divorce by mutual consent. The process is equal for women and men.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1987

✔

Costa Rica increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1996

✔

Costa Rica explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1996

✔

Costa Rica enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1997

✔

Costa Rica enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2009

✔

The Supreme Court of Costa Rica annulled a waiting period for women before remarriage.

Costa Rica

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2021

✔

Costa Rica lifted the ban on women's night work.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1985

✔

Côte d'Ivoire amended its Marriage Law allowing a woman to open a bank account in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1996

✔

Côte d'Ivoire prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1996

✔

Côte d'Ivoire mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1996

✔

Côte d'Ivoire prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2000

✔

Côte d'Ivoire enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2014

✔

Côte d'Ivoire allowed women to be head of household.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2014

✔

Côte d'Ivoire reformed its Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2014

✔

Côte d'Ivoire allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Côte d'Ivoire

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2020

✔

Côte d’Ivoire granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1991

✔

Croatia equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

1996

✔

Croatia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1996

✔

Croatia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2005

✔

Croatia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2005

✔

Croatia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2009

✔

Croatia's Anti-Discrimination Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2010

✔

Croatia introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Croatia

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2011

✔

Croatia eliminated restrictions on women's employment in certain industries, including the mining and water industries. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1974

✔

Cyprus explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1988

✔

Cyprus prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1989

✔

Cyprus increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

1991

✔

Cyprus mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Assets

1992

✔

Cyprus recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

1996

✔

Cyprus enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2004

✔

Cyprus prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2009

✔

Cyprus introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Cyprus

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2019

✔

Cyprus introduced 10 days of paid paternity leave.

Czech Republic

High income: OECD

Pay

1981

✔

The Czech Republic allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Czech Republic

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1992

✔

The Czech Republic introduced paid parental leave.

Czech Republic

High income: OECD

Pay

1996

✔

The Czech Republic lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Czech Republic

High income: OECD

Marriage

2007

✔

Czech Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Czech Republic

High income: OECD

Workplace

2007

✔

The Czech Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Czech Republic

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2009

✔

Czech Republic's Anti-Discrimination Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Czech Republic

High income: OECD

Workplace

2009

✔

The Czech Republic enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Czech Republic

High income: OECD

Pay

2013

✔

The Czech Republic eliminated restrictions on women's employment in manufacturing.

Czech Republic

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2019

✔

The Czech Republic introduced five days of paid paternity leave.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1986

✔

Denmark introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1990

✔

Denmark prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Pension

1993

✔

Denmark explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Workplace

1999

✔

Denmark prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Workplace

2001

✔

Denmark enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2009

✔

Denmark introduced new legitation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Pay

2009

✔

Denmark mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Denmark

High income: OECD

Marriage

2013

✔

Denmark enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Djibouti

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1991

✔

Djibouti introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Djibouti

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

1996

✔

Djibouti's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Djibouti

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2006

✔

Djibouti prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Djibouti

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2007

✔

Djibouti mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Djibouti

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2019

✔

Djibouti enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Djibouti

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2020

✔

Djibouti enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Dominica

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1974

✔

Dominica recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Dominica

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1974

✔

Dominica allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Dominica

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1977

✔

Dominica introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Dominica

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2003

✔

Dominica enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1980

✔

Dominican Republic amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1980

✔

Dominican Republic no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1980

✔

Dominican Republic reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1980

✔

The Dominican Republic allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1993

✔

The Dominican Republic introduced paid paternity leave.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1993

✔

The Dominican Republic lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1993

✔

The Dominican Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1998

✔

Dominican Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1998

✔

The Dominican Republic adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2003

✔

The Dominican Republic granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2016

✔

Dominican Republic's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Dominican Republic

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2018

✔

The Dominican Republic increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1972

✔

Ecuador removed provisions designating the husband as administrator of property, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1972

✔

Ecuador amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1972

✔

Ecuador allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1972

✔

Ecuador allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1990

✔

Ecuador introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1991

✔

Ecuador no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1991

✔

Ecuador reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1997

✔

Ecuador enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2000

✔

Ecuador mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2000

✔

Ecuador enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2003

✔

Ecuador explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2007

✔

Ecuador introduced paid paternity leave.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2010

✔

Ecuador prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Ecuador

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2017

✔

Ecuador amended its Civil Code to allow women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men. A waiting period for women of 300 days before remarriage was also abolished.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

1987

Egypt, Arab Rep. introduced a new personal status law that obliges a married woman to obey her husband.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1987

✔

The Arab Republic of Egypt explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

1992

✔

The Arab Republic of Egypt prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2002

✔

Egypt, Arab Rep.'s Constitutional Court Decision removed restriction for a married woman to travel abroad without her husband's permission.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2004

✔

The Arab Republic of Egypt prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Egypt, Arab Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2016

✔

The Arab Republic of Egypt enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1995

✔

El Salvador recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1995

✔

El Salvador no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband. El Salvador allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1995

✔

El Salvador introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1995

✔

El Salvador prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1998

✔

El Salvador enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1998

✔

El Salvador explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1999

✔

El Salvador enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2007

✔

El Salvador enacted a new Consumer Protection Law that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2009

✔

El Salvador began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2014

✔

El Salvador introduced paid paternity leave.

El Salvador

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2017

✔

El Salvador increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Equatorial Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1985

✔

Equatorial Guinea began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Equatorial Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1985

✔

Equatorial Guinea introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Equatorial Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1991

✔

Equatorial Guinea prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Equatorial Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1991

✔

Equatorial Guinea prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Equatorial Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2014

✔

Equatorial Guinea introduced paid paternity leave.

Equatorial Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2014

✔

Equatorial Guinea mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Eritrea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1993

✔

Eritrea granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Eritrea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1993

✔

Eritrea allowed women to be head of household. Eritrea no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Eritrea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1993

✔

Eritrea introduced the Transitional Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Eritrea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1993

✔

Eritrea prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Eritrea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2003

✔

Eritrea prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Pension

1972

Estonia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1973

✔

Estonia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1974

✔

Estonia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1993

✔

Estonia introduced paid parental leave.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Pay

1993

✔

Estonia lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Pension

1993

✔

Estonia no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2003

✔

Estonia introduced paid paternity leave.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Pension

2003

✔

Estonia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Pay

2005

✔

Estonia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Workplace

2005

✔

Estonia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Pay

2010

✔

Estonia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2011

✔

Estonia's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Estonia

High income: OECD

Pension

2017

✔

Estonia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Eswatini

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1975

✔

Eswatini introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Eswatini

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1982

✔

Eswatini prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Eswatini

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1982

✔

Eswatini prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Eswatini

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2013

✔

Eswatini granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Eswatini

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2020

✔

Eswatini enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1994

✔

Ethiopia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1994

✔

Ethiopia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2002

✔

Ethiopia's revised Family Code granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2002

✔

Ethiopia allowed women to be head of household. Ethiopia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2002

✔

Ethiopia introduced the Revised Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2006

✔

Ethiopia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2013

✔

Ethiopia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2021

✔

Ethiopia increased paid maternity leave from 90 to 120 days and introduced 3 days of paid paternity leave.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2000

✔

Fiji enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

2005

✔

Fiji recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2009

✔

Fiji prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2009

✔

Fiji lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2009

✔

Fiji prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2011

✔

Fiji enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2020

✔

Fiji introduced five days of paid paternity leave. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave from 84 to 98 days.

Fiji

East Asia & Pacific

Mobility

2021

✔

Fiji allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men.

Finland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1976

✔

Finland increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Finland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1979

✔

Finland introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Finland

High income: OECD

Pay

1987

✔

Finland mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Finland

High income: OECD

Workplace

1988

✔

Finland prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Finland

High income: OECD

Pay

1990

✔

Finland lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Finland

High income: OECD

Marriage

2000

✔

Finland enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Finland

High income: OECD

Pension

2005

✔

Finland explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Finland

High income: OECD

Workplace

2006

✔

Finland enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Finland

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2010

✔

Finland' new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

France

High income: OECD

Marriage

1972

✔

France allowed women to be head of household.

France

High income: OECD

Pay

1974

✔

France mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

France

High income: OECD

Mobility

1977

✔

France reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

France

High income: OECD

Workplace

1984

✔

France prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

France

High income: OECD

Assets

1987

✔

France granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

France

High income: OECD

Pension

1987

✔

France explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

France

High income: OECD

Pay

1989

✔

France lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

France

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1994

✔

France's Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

France

High income: OECD

Workplace

1994

✔

France enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

France

High income: OECD

Pay

2002

✔

France eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

France

High income: OECD

Marriage

2005

✔

France gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

France

High income: OECD

Marriage

2007

✔

France enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

France

High income: OECD

Pay

2008

✔

France allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

France

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2016

✔

France introduced paid parental leave.

Gabon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1983

✔

Gabon introduced paid paternity leave.

Gabon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1996

✔

Gabon prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Gabon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1996

✔

Gabon prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Gabon

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2018

✔

Gabon enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Gambia, The

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1979

✔

The Gambia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Gambia, The

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1988

✔

The Gambia introduced the Matrimonial Causes Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Gambia, The

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2009

✔

The Gambia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Gambia, The

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2012

✔

The Gambia's Woman's Act recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Gambia, The

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2012

✔

The Gambia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Gambia, The

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2012

✔

The Gambia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Gambia, The

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2015

✔

The Gambia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

Georgia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1973

✔

Georgia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1975

✔

Georgia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1975

✔

Georgia no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1975

✔

Georgia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2005

✔

Georgia no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2007

✔

Georgia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2008

✔

Georgia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2011

✔

Georgia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2014

✔

Georgia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2015

✔

Georgia eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2020

✔

Georgia made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based
discrimination in access to financial services.

Georgia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2020

✔

Georgia enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Germany

High income: OECD

Workplace

1978

✔

Germany allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Germany

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1987

✔

Germany introduced paid parental leave.

Germany

High income: OECD

Pension

1987

✔

Germany explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Germany

High income: OECD

Workplace

1996

✔

Germany prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Germany

High income: OECD

Marriage

2003

✔

Germany enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Germany

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2008

✔

Germany introduced a new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Germany

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2008

✔

Germany introduced paid paternity leave.

Germany

High income: OECD

Workplace

2008

✔

Germany enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Germany

High income: OECD

Pay

2010

✔

Germany eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

Germany

High income: OECD

Pay

2019

✔

Germany introduced new legislation that mandates equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1973

✔

Ghana introduced the Matrimonial Causes Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1987

✔

Ghana's Intestate Succession Act made inheritance equal under law for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1992

✔

Ghana equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2005

✔

Ghana prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2005

✔

Ghana lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2005

✔

Ghana prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2008

✔

Ghana enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Greece

High income: OECD

Assets

1984

✔

Greece eliminated the husband's supremacy in conjugal and family relations, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. Greece also recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Greece

High income: OECD

Marriage

1984

✔

Greece allowed women to be head of household. Greece abolished a 10-month waiting period for women before remarriage, giving them the same rights to remarry as men.

Greece

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1984

✔

Greece prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Greece

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1985

✔

Greece increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Greece

High income: OECD

Workplace

1985

✔

Greece prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Greece

High income: OECD

Pension

1986

✔

Greece explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Greece

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1994

✔

Greece introduced paid paternity leave.

Greece

High income: OECD

Marriage

2008

✔

Greece enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Greece

High income: OECD

Pay

2008

✔

Greece eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Greece

High income: OECD

Workplace

2008

✔

Greece enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Greece

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2011

✔

Greece introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Greece

High income: OECD

Pay

2012

✔

Greece mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Greece

High income: OECD

Pension

2012

✔

Greece equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1974

✔

Grenada recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1974

✔

Grenada allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1975

✔

Grenada introduced new legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1982

✔

Grenada prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1984

✔

Grenada introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2001

✔

Grenada mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2001

✔

Grenada prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2003

✔

Grenada enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Grenada

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

2020

✔

Grenada made international travel easier for women by allowing them to apply for a passport in the same way as men, with no need for additional documentation

Guatemala

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1994

✔

Guatemala introduced paid paternity leave.

Guatemala

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1994

✔

Guatemala lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Guatemala

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1995

✔

Guatemala began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Guatemala

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1998

✔

Guatemala enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Guatemala

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2000

✔

Guatemala granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage and equal rights to immovable property.

Guatemala

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2001

✔

Guatemala allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Guatemala

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2009

✔

Guatemala revoked a provision requiring a waiting period for women before remarriage.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1989

✔

Guinea increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1989

✔

Guinea mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2015

✔

Guinea prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2015

✔

Guinea lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2015

✔

Guinea prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2018

✔

Guinea's new Penal Code made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2020

✔

Guinea allowed women to be head of household and obtain a divorce in the same way as a man.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2020

✔

Guinea allowed women to choose where to live in the same way as men.

Guinea

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2020

✔

Guinea allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Guinea-Bissau

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1987

✔

Guinea-Bissau's social security system began administering maternity benefits.

Guinea-Bissau

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1987

✔

Guinea-Bissau introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Guinea-Bissau

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1987

✔

Guinea-Bissau prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Guinea-Bissau

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2015

✔

Guinea-Bissau enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Guyana

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1990

✔

Guyana introduced the Domicile Reform Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Guyana

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1992

✔

Guyana recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Guyana

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1998

✔

Guyana enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Guyana

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1998

✔

Guyana mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Guyana

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1999

✔

Guyana introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Guyana

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1999

✔

Guyana prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Guyana

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1999

✔

Guyana prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Haiti

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1984

✔

Haiti granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Haiti

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1984

✔

Haiti introduced new legislation allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Haiti

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1984

✔

Haiti no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Haiti

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1984

✔

Haiti allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Haiti

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1985

✔

Haiti mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Haiti

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1985

✔

Haiti prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Haiti

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2018

✔

Haiti's government began administering maternity benefits.

Honduras

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1973

✔

Honduras introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Honduras

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1986

✔

Honduras allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Honduras

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1998

✔

Honduras enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Honduras

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1998

✔

Honduras enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Honduras

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2001

✔

Honduras prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Honduras

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2009

✔

Honduras's Consumer Law made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Honduras

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2014

✔

Honduras allowed women to be head of household.

Honduras

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

2014

✔

Honduras reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Hong Kong SAR, China

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1974

✔

Hong Kong SAR, China introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Hong Kong SAR, China

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

1988

✔

Hong Kong SAR, China enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Hong Kong SAR, China

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

1997

✔

Hong Kong SAR, China introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Hong Kong SAR, China

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1997

✔

Hong Kong SAR, China enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Hong Kong SAR, China

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1998

✔

Hong Kong SAR, China prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Hong Kong SAR, China

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2016

✔

Hong Kong SAR, China introduced paid paternity leave.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Pension

1991

✔

Hungary explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1993

✔

Hungary introduced paid paternity leave.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Pension

1993

Hungary set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2005

✔

Hungary introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Workplace

2005

✔

Hungary prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Workplace

2007

✔

Hungary enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Pension

2010

✔

Hungary equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Marriage

2011

✔

Hungary enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Hungary

High income: OECD

Pay

2013

✔

Hungary allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Workplace

1976

✔

Iceland prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1977

✔

Iceland increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. Iceland's government began administering maternity benefits.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Pay

1977

✔

Iceland mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1981

✔

Iceland's government began administering maternity benefits.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Pension

1986

✔

Iceland explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1988

✔

Iceland prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1989

✔

Iceland introduced paid parental leave.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1999

✔

Iceland introduced paid paternity leave.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Workplace

2001

✔

Iceland enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Marriage

2013

✔

Iceland enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Iceland

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2017

✔

Iceland's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

India

South Asia

Workplace

1989

✔

India prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

India

South Asia

Assets

1996

✔

India reformed the Hindu Succession Act, equalizing inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

India

South Asia

Marriage

1999

✔

India enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

India

South Asia

Workplace

2014

✔

India enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

India

South Asia

Parenthood

2018

✔

India increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

India

South Asia

Pay

2019

✔

The state of Maharashtra eliminated restrictions on women’s ability to work in jobs deemed dangerous.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

1975

✔

Indonesia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

1975

✔

Indonesia introduced a new Marriage Law allow ing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Mobility

1975

✔

Indonesia introduced the Marriage Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1975

✔

Indonesia allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1978

✔

Indonesia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1999

✔

Indonesia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2004

✔

Indonesia allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2004

✔

Indonesia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2005

✔

Indonesia introduced paid paternity leave.

Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2006

✔

Indonesia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Iran, Islamic Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1992

The Islamic Republic of Iran set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Iran, Islamic Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2009

✔

The Islamic Republic of Iran increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Iran, Islamic Rep.

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2015

✔

The Islamic Republic of Iran introduced paid paternity leave.

Iraq

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

1989

✔

Iraq eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and removed restrictions on women's employment in manufacturing.

Iraq

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

1989

✔

Iraq prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Iraq

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2017

✔

Iraq enacted a new passport law which no longer requires a married woman to bring a guardian when applying for a passport.

Iraq

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2017

✔

Iraq increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Iraq

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2017

✔

Iraq mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Iraq

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2017

Iraq set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Iraq

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2017

✔

Iraq enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Pay

1976

✔

Ireland mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1978

✔

Ireland prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Workplace

1979

✔

Ireland prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1982

✔

Ireland introduced paid maternity leave of at least 14 weeks.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Pay

1982

✔

Ireland removed restrictions on women's employment in manufacturing.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Marriage

1983

✔

Ireland enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Mobility

1988

✔

Ireland introduced the Domicile and Recognition of Foreign Divorces Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Pension

1995

✔

Ireland explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Marriage

1997

✔

Ireland revoked a constitutional ban on divorce, making the process equal for both spouses. Women and men also have the same rights to remarry.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Assets

1998

✔

Ireland passed the Family Law (Divorce) Act, explicitly recognizing the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Workplace

2000

✔

Ireland enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2001

✔

Ireland's Equal Status Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2018

✔

Ireland introduced paid paternity leave.

Ireland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2021

✔

Ireland introduced two weeks of paid parental leave as an individual entitlement for each parent.

Israel

High income: OECD

Assets

1975

✔

Israel recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Israel

High income: OECD

Workplace

1989

✔

Israel prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Israel

High income: OECD

Marriage

1992

✔

Israel enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Israel

High income: OECD

Pay

1997

✔

Israel mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Israel

High income: OECD

Workplace

1999

✔

Israel enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Israel

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2001

✔

Israel made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Israel

High income: OECD

Pension

2005

Israel set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Israel

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2007

✔

Israel increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Israel

High income: OECD

Pension

2015

✔

Israel equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Italy

High income: OECD

Marriage

1972

✔

Italy adopted its first law on divorce, allowing women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Italy

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1973

✔

Italy increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Italy

High income: OECD

Assets

1976

✔

Italy recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Italy

High income: OECD

Marriage

1976

✔

Italy allowed women to be head of household.

Italy

High income: OECD

Mobility

1976

✔

Italy reformed its Family Law removing restriction for a married woman to choose where to live and leave the marital home wihout her husband's permission.

Italy

High income: OECD

Pay

1979

✔

Italy mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Italy

High income: OECD

Workplace

1979

✔

Italy prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Italy

High income: OECD

Pension

1997

✔

Italy explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Italy

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2001

✔

Italy introduced paid parental leave.

Italy

High income: OECD

Pay

2002

✔

Italy eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakingsat night.

Italy

High income: OECD

Workplace

2006

✔

Italy enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Italy

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2007

✔

Italy introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Italy

High income: OECD

Workplace

2007

✔

Italy enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Italy

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2014

✔

Italy introduced paid paternity leave.

Italy

High income: OECD

Marriage

2015

✔

Italy enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Italy

High income: OECD

Pension

2019

✔

Italy equalized the age (67 years) at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Jamaica

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1981

✔

Jamaica prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Jamaica

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1997

✔

Jamaica enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Jamaica

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2007

✔

Jamaica recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions as a factor in property division.

Jamaica

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2016

✔

Jamaica lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Jamaica

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2016

✔

Jamaica equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Japan

High income: OECD

Workplace

1974

✔

Japan prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Japan

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1986

✔

Japan increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Japan

High income: OECD

Pension

1992

✔

Japan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Japan

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1996

✔

Japan introduced paid paternity leave.

Japan

High income: OECD

Marriage

2002

✔

Japan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Japan

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2011

✔

Japan introduced paid parental leave.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

1980

✔

Jordan began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1981

✔

Jordan introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2009

✔

Jordan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2011

✔

Jordan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2020

✔

Jordan introduced three days of paid paternity leave.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2020

✔

Jordan lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night. It also enacted legislation that mandates equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

2021

✔

Jordan made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Jordan

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2021

✔

Jordan allowed women to apply for a passport in the same way as men.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

Kazakhstan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1973

✔

Kazakhstan increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1974

✔

Kazakhstan no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1974

✔

Kazakhstan prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1981

Kazakhstan no longer prohibits gender discrimination in employment.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1993

✔

Kazakhstan explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2001

✔

Kazakhstan prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2008

✔

Kazakhstan lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2009

✔

Kazakhstan introduced paid parental leave.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2011

✔

Kazakhstan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Kazakhstan

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2017

Kazakhstan set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Kenya

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1972

✔

Kenya introduced the Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Kenya

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2008

✔

Kenya enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Kenya

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2009

✔

Kenya prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Kenya

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2009

✔

Kenya mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and in industrial undertakings at night.

Kenya

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2009

✔

Kenya prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Kenya

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2015

✔

Kenya recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Kenya

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2017

✔

Kenya enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Kiribati

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1979

✔

Kiribati introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Kiribati

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2009

✔

Kiribati mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Kiribati

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2009

✔

Kiribati prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Kiribati

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2016

✔

Kiribati enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Kiribati

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2017

✔

Kiribati prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Kiribati

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2017

✔

Kiribati eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining and in industrial undertakings at night. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Kiribati

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2017

✔

Kiribati enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties and civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Pension

1975

✔

The Republic of Kora introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1989

✔

The Republic of Korea prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Assets

1991

✔

The Republic of Korea's new Family Law equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses. It also recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Mobility

1991

✔

The Republic of Korea reformed its Civil Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Workplace

1998

✔

The Republic of Korea prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Marriage

1999

✔

The Republic of Korea enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Workplace

2000

✔

The Republic of Korea enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2003

✔

The Republic of Korea increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Marriage

2006

✔

The Republic of Korea allowed women to be head of household. Korea, Rep. gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Workplace

2007

✔

The Republic of Korea enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2009

✔

The Republic of Korea introduced paid paternity leave.

Korea, Rep.

High income: OECD

Pension

2009

✔

The Republic of Korea explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1998

✔

Kosovo equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2003

Kosovo decreased the duration of paid maternity leave to less than 14 weeks. It also enacted legislation that obliges employers to share in the administration of maternity benefits.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2003

✔

Kosovo equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2003

✔

Kosovo prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2004

✔

Kosovo enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2005

✔

Kosovo mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2006

✔

Kosovo introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Kosovo

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2012

✔

Kosovo increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Kuwait

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1978

✔

Kuwait introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Kuwait

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2011

✔

Kuwait amended its passport law which no longer requires women the consent of her husband when applying for a passport.

Kuwait

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2020

Kuwait set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Kuwait

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2021

✔

Kuwait enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1972

✔

Kyrgyz Republic increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

Kyrgyz Republic set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1973

✔

Kyrgyz Republic prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1999

✔

Kyrgyz Republic no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2004

✔

Kyrgyz Republic introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2004

✔

Kyrgyz Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2004

✔

Kyrgyz Republic enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2006

✔

Kyrgyz Republic lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2006

✔

Kyrgyz Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2008

Kyrgyz Republic enacted legislation that obliges employers to pay the first ten days of maternity leave.

Kyrgyz Republic

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2010

✔

Kyrgyz Republic enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

1972

✔

Lao PDR allowed women to be head of household.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Mobility

1977

✔

Lao PDR introduced new legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

1987

✔

Lao PDR granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

1992

✔

Lao PDR granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

1992

✔

Lao PDR enacted a new family law, allowing women to obtain a divorce and remarry in the same way as men.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1992

✔

Lao PDR allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1995

✔

Lao PDR prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1995

✔

Lao PDR prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

2001

✔

Lao PDR introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2006

✔

Lao PDR enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

2007

✔

Lao PDR amended its Penal Law that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2008

✔

Lao PDR eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2015

✔

Lao PDR increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

2015

Lao PDR set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Lao PDR

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2015

✔

Lao PDR enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1972

✔

Latvia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Pension

1972

Latvia set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1973

✔

Latvia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Pension

1997

✔

Latvia equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Pay

2003

✔

Latvia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Workplace

2003

✔

Latvia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2004

✔

Latvia introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Workplace

2005

✔

Latvia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2009

✔

Latvia amended its Consumer Rights Proteccion Law that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Latvia

High income: OECD

Marriage

2015

✔

Latvia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Lebanon

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2001

✔

Lebanon prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Lebanon

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2001

✔

Lebanon prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Lebanon

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2016

✔

Lebanon enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1993

✔

Lesotho equalized inheritance rights for male and female surviving spouses.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1994

✔

Lesotho prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1994

✔

Lesotho mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1994

✔

Lesotho prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2006

✔

Lesotho introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2007

✔

Lesotho enacted the Legal Capacity of Married Persons Act abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2007

✔

Lesotho allowed women to be head of household.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2007

✔

Lesotho introduced the Legal Capacity of Married Persons Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2007

✔

Lesotho allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2008

✔

Lesotho granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2012

✔

Lesotho equalized inheritance rights for sons and daughters.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1974

✔

Liberia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1974

✔

Liberia enacted a new Domestic Relations Law allowing a woman to sing a legally biding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1974

✔

Liberia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1974

✔

Liberia allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1985

✔

Liberia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2017

✔

Liberia increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2017

✔

Liberia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2017

✔

Liberia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Liberia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2019

✔

Liberia allowed women to be head of household.

Libya

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

1985

✔

Libya no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Libya

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2011

✔

Libya prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Libya

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2011

✔

Libya mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Libya

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2011

Libya set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Libya

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2011

✔

Libya prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Pension

1972

Lithuania set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1973

✔

Lithuania prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Workplace

1973

✔

Lithuania prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Pension

1974

✔

Lithuania no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Pension

1996

✔

Lithuania no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Pay

2000

✔

Lithuania mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Workplace

2000

✔

Lithuania enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2002

✔

Lithuania introduced paid parental leave.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Workplace

2002

✔

Lithuania adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2004

✔

Lithuania introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Pay

2004

✔

Lithuania eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Pension

2005

Lithuania set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2008

✔

Lithuania introduced paid paternity leave.

Lithuania

High income: OECD

Marriage

2013

✔

Lithuania enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Assets

1974

✔

Luxembourg granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1974

✔

Luxembourg introduced new legislation allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Marriage

1974

✔

Luxembourg no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.
Luxembourg also enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Mobility

1974

✔

Luxembourg reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Workplace

1974

✔

Luxembourg allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Workplace

1974

✔

Luxembourg allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Assets

1975

✔

Luxembourg granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Pay

1976

✔

Luxembourg mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1977

✔

Luxembourg prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Workplace

1983

✔

Luxembourg prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2000

✔

Luxembourg introduced paid parental leave.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Workplace

2001

✔

Luxembourg enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Pension

2002

✔

Luxembourg explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Pay

2008

✔

Luxembourg eliminated restrictions on women's employment in mining and in industrial undertakings at night.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2009

✔

Luxembourg introduced a new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Luxembourg

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2012

✔

Luxembourg introduced paid paternity leave.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1977

✔

Madagascar prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1996

✔

Madagascar explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2002

✔

Madagascar enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2006

✔

Madagascar lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2006

✔

Madagascar prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2009

✔

Madagascar granted spouses equal rights to immovable property. Madagascar granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2015

✔

Madagascar equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2021

✔

Madagascar enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1995

✔

Malawi's new constitution equalized inheritance rights for male and female surviving spouses.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2001

✔

Malawi prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2001

✔

Malawi mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2001

✔

Malawi prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2006

✔

Malawi eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2008

✔

Malawi enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2013

✔

Malawi introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2014

✔

Malawi enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Malawi

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2016

✔

Malawi passed the Marriage, Divorce and Family Relations Bill, which recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Malaysia

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

1986

✔

Malaysia recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Malaysia

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

1996

✔

Malaysia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Malaysia

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2013

✔

Malaysia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Maldives

South Asia

Parenthood

2009

✔

Maldives prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Maldives

South Asia

Pay

2009

✔

Maldives allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Maldives

South Asia

Workplace

2009

✔

Maldives prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Maldives

South Asia

Parenthood

2010

✔

Maldives introduced paid paternity leave.

Maldives

South Asia

Pension

2010

✔

Maldives introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Maldives

South Asia

Marriage

2013

✔

Maldives enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Maldives

South Asia

Workplace

2016

✔

Maldives enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Maldives

South Asia

Entrepreneurship

2018

✔

Maldives' Gender Equality Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Mali

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1994

✔

Mali increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Mali

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2001

✔

Mali explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Mali

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2013

✔

Mali equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Mali

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2019

✔

Mali enacted legislation that mandates equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Mali

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2019

✔

Mali enacted legislation that prohibits discrimination in employment based on gender.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

1987

✔

Malta prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1988

Malta set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

1995

✔

Malta enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

1995

✔

Malta reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2001

✔

Malta increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2003

✔

Malta mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2004

Malta set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2004

✔

Malta enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

2005

✔

Malta introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2005

✔

Malta prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2007

✔

Malta allowed women to be head of household.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2009

✔

Malta introduced paid paternity leave.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2013

✔

Malta legalized divorce, equally granting the right to both spouses. There is no waiting period before remarriage for either spouse.

Malta

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2015

✔

Malta equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Marshall Islands

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2013

✔

Marshall Islands enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Marshall Islands

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

2021

✔

The Marshall Islands made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination when providing financial services.

Marshall Islands

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2021

✔

The Marshall Islands mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Marshall Islands

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2021

✔

The Marshall Islands prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Mauritania

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1975

✔

Mauritania introduced paid paternity leave.

Mauritania

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1981

Mauritania no longer prohibits gender discrimination in employment.

Mauritania

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2006

✔

Mauritania increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Mauritania

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2006

✔

Mauritania prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Mauritania

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2016

✔

Mauritania equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1978

✔

Mauritius introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1981

✔

Mauritius granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1982

✔

Mauritius enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1982

✔

Mauritius reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1999

✔

Mauritius allowed women to be head of household.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2000

✔

Mauritius enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2010

✔

Mauritius' Equal Oportunity Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2010

✔

Mauritius prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2010

✔

Mauritius eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2010

✔

Mauritius prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2014

✔

Mauritius mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Mauritius

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2017

✔

Mauritius increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1976

✔

Mexico allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1985

✔

Mexico amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1992

✔

Mexico enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

2001

✔

Mexico recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2001

✔

Mexico gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2008

✔

Mexico enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2010

✔

Mexico allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as a man.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2014

✔

Mexico prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2014

✔

Mexico prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Mexico

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2015

✔

Mexico's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Micronesia, Fed. Sts.

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2019

✔

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1972

✔

Moldova increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

Moldova set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1973

✔

Moldova prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1975

✔

Moldova prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1992

✔

Moldova introduced paid parental leave.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1998

✔

Moldova no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2000

✔

Moldova explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2007

✔

Moldova introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2007

✔

Moldova enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2009

✔

Moldova enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2012

✔

Moldova lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2018

✔

Moldova introduced paid paternity leave.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2019

✔

Moldova lifted restrictions on women’s ability to hold jobs deemed dangerous. It also eliminated restrictions on women’s ability to work in certain industries. Now, such restrictions are limited to women who are pregnant, nursing or postpartum.

Moldova

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2019

Moldova introduced different mandatory retirement ages for women and men. Employers may now terminate the contracts of women at age 58 and 6 months and of men at age 63. The ages are set to equalize in 2028.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1992

✔

Mongolia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1992

✔

Mongolia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2010

✔

Mongolia eliminated all restrictions on women's employment.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

2012

✔

Mongolia introduced new legislation that makes ccess to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2012

✔

Mongolia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2018

✔

Mongolia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1992

✔

Montenegro equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2004

✔

Montenegro no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2005

✔

Montenegro prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2009

✔

Montenegro enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2012

✔

Montenegro's Prohibition of Discrimination Law made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2012

✔

Montenegro enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2012

✔

Montenegro mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2012

Montenegro set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2013

✔

Montenegro introduced paid parental leave.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2014

✔

Montenegro enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Montenegro

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2021

✔

Montenegro eliminated restrictions on women's employment in industrial jobs such as mining, construction, manufacturing and the water sector. It also removed restrictions on women's employment in jobs deemed dangerous.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

1995

✔

Morocco enacted new legislation which no longer requires a married woman her husband's consent when applying for a passport.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

1997

✔

Morocco allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

2005

✔

Morocco amended its Penal Code that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2005

✔

Morocco enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2005

✔

Morocco mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2005

✔

Morocco prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2006

✔

Morocco prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Morocco

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2019

✔

Morocco allowed women to be head of household. Morocco no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1979

✔

Mozambique granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1987

✔

Mozambique prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2006

✔

Mozambique introduced a new Family Law allowing a woman to sing a legally biding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2006

✔

Mozambique enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence and giving women the same rights to remarry as men.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2006

✔

Mozambique introduced a new Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2006

✔

Mozambique allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2009

✔

Mozambique began administering maternity benefits through its social security system. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2009

✔

Mozambique explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2009

✔

Mozambique prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2011

✔

Mozambique allowed women to be head of household.

Mozambique

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2019

✔

Mozambique made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Myanmar

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2014

✔

Myanmar increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1993

✔

Namibia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1993

✔

Namibia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1996

✔

Namibia began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1997

✔

Namibia removed the husband's marital power, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1997

✔

Namibia enacted th Married Persons Equality Act abolishing the marital power provision to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1997

✔

Namibia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1997

✔

Namibia introduced the Married Persons Equality Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1997

✔

Namibia allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2005

✔

Namibia allowed women to be head of household.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2009

✔

Namibia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Namibia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2009

✔

Namibia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Nepal

South Asia

Assets

2003

✔

Nepal granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Nepal

South Asia

Marriage

2010

✔

Nepal enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Nepal

South Asia

Workplace

2016

✔

Nepal enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Nepal

South Asia

Assets

2019

✔

Nepal equalized inheritance rights for sons and daughters and for male and female surviving spouses.

Nepal

South Asia

Marriage

2019

✔

Nepal allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as a man.

Nepal

South Asia

Mobility

2019

Nepal introduced a provision that restricts women from choosing where to live in the same way as men.

Nepal

South Asia

Parenthood

2019

✔

Nepal introduced 15 days of paid paternity leave.

Nepal

South Asia

Pay

2019

✔

Nepal lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night. It also mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Nepal

South Asia

Workplace

2019

✔

Nepal enacted new legislation that prohibits discrimination in employment based on gender.

Nepal

South Asia

Parenthood

2020

✔

Nepal increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Nepal

South Asia

Pension

2020

✔

Nepal adopted its first old age pension system that allows both women and men to retire with full pension benefits at age 60. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Pay

1976

✔

The Netherlands mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Workplace

1981

✔

The Netherlands prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Pay

1987

✔

The Netherlands eliminated restrictions on women's ability to work at night in factories and other industrial workplaces.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Pay

1990

✔

The Netherlands lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1991

✔

The Netherlands prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1995

✔

The Netherlands' Equal Treatment Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Workplace

2000

✔

The Netherlands enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Workplace

2008

✔

The Netherlands adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2010

✔

The Netherlands introduced paid paternity leave.

Netherlands

High income: OECD

Marriage

2016

✔

The Netherlands enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Assets

1978

✔

New Zealand explicitly recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Mobility

1978

✔

New Zealand introduced the Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Workplace

1979

✔

New Zealand prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1982

✔

New Zealand prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Pay

1983

✔

New Zealand lifted the ban on women's employment

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Workplace

1988

✔

New Zealand enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1995

✔

New Zealand introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Marriage

1997

✔

New Zealand enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2003

✔

New Zealand's government began administering maternity benefits.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2007

✔

New Zealand increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2017

✔

New Zealand introduced paid parental leave.

New Zealand

High income: OECD

Pay

2021

✔

New Zealand mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1983

Nicaragua no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1989

✔

Nicaragua recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions, including domestic work.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1989

✔

Nicaragua enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1998

✔

Nicaragua prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2009

✔

Nicaragua allowed women to be head of household.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2009

✔

Nicaragua enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2015

✔

Nicaragua's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2016

✔

Nicaragua allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

2016

✔

Nicaragua introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2016

✔

Nicaragua introduced paid paternity leave.

Nicaragua

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2017

✔

Nicaragua gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Niger

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1974

✔

Niger introduced paid paternity leave.

Niger

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1998

✔

Niger prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Niger

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1998

✔

Niger mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Niger

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1998

✔

Niger prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Niger

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2005

✔

Niger enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Niger

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2019

✔

Niger removed restrictions on women’s employment in mining, construction and manufacturing. Women can now work in these industries in the same way as men.

Nigeria

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1973

✔

Nigeria equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Nigeria

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2008

✔

Nigeria enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Nigeria

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2013

✔

Nigeria enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

North Macedonia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1973

✔

North Macedonia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

North Macedonia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1995

✔

North Macedonia equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

North Macedonia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2000

✔

North Macedonia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

North Macedonia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2007

✔

North Macedonia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

North Macedonia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2010

✔

North Macedonia introduced paid paternity leave.

North Macedonia

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2011

✔

North Macedonia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

North Macedonia

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2016

✔

North Macedonia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Norway

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1978

✔

Norway prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It began administering maternity benefits. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Norway

High income: OECD

Pay

1980

✔

Norway mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Norway

High income: OECD

Workplace

1980

✔

Norway prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Norway

High income: OECD

Marriage

1993

✔

Norway enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Norway

High income: OECD

Pension

1993

✔

Norway explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Norway

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1994

✔

Norway introduced paid paternity leave.

Norway

High income: OECD

Workplace

2004

✔

Norway enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Norway

High income: OECD

Marriage

2010

✔

Norway gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Oman

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

1993

✔

Oman introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Oman

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2004

✔

Oman prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Pakistan

South Asia

Pension

1977

✔

Pakistan introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Pakistan

South Asia

Entrepreneurship

1986

Pakistan introduced a new companies law that prescribes additional procedures for women when registering a business compared to men.

Pakistan

South Asia

Pension

1988

Pakistan set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Pakistan

South Asia

Workplace

2011

✔

Pakistan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Pakistan

South Asia

Marriage

2014

✔

Pakistan enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Pakistan

South Asia

Workplace

2018

✔

Pakistan prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Pakistan

South Asia

Parenthood

2019

✔

Pakistan increased the duration of paid maternity leave from 84 to 112 days.

Pakistan

South Asia

Entrepreneurship

2021

✔

Pakistan allowed women to register a business in the same way as a men.

Palau

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2014

✔

Palau enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1995

✔

Panama recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1995

✔

Panama enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1996

✔

Panama removed ban on women's employment in mining and construction.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1997

✔

Panama enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2003

✔

Panama allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2006

✔

Panama prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2015

✔

Panama adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Panama

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2018

✔

Panama introduced paid paternity leave.

Papua New Guinea

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1980

✔

Papua New Guinea prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Papua New Guinea

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1982

✔

Papua New Guinea introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Papua New Guinea

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2015

✔

Papua New Guinea enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1976

✔

Paraguay lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1987

✔

Paraguay introduced a Civil Code allowing a woman choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1994

✔

Paraguay granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1994

✔

Paraguay amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to register a business in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1994

✔

Paraguay enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1994

✔

Paraguay allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband. It also prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

1995

✔

Paraguay mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1999

✔

Paraguay enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2000

✔

Paraguay introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2002

✔

Paraguay allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men and gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Paraguay

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2017

✔

Paraguay increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1986

✔

Peru's new Civil Code granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage. It also recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1986

✔

Peru enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1986

✔

Peru introduced a new Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1986

✔

Peru allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1993

Peru set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1995

✔

Peru allowed women to be head of household.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1997

✔

Peru equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1998

✔

Peru prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1998

✔

Peru equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1998

✔

Peru prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

2000

✔

Peru's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2004

✔

Peru enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2008

✔

Peru mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2011

✔

Peru introduced paid paternity leave.

Peru

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2017

✔

Peru increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1974

✔

The Philippines's social security system began administering maternity benefits.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1975

✔

The Philippines prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

1989

✔

The Philippines introduced a new Family Code allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, open a bank account, and register a business in the same way as a man without her husband's consent.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Mobility

1989

✔

The Philippines introduced a Family Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1989

✔

The Philippines allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

1990

✔

The Philippines mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Entrepreneurship

1993

✔

The Philippines introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

1996

✔

The Philippines enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

1998

✔

The Philippines introduced paid paternity leave.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2005

✔

The Philippines enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2013

✔

The Philippines elimiated restrictions on women's ability to work in industrial undertakings at night. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2020

✔

The Philippines extended the duration of paid maternity leave from 60 to 105 days.

Philippines

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2020

The Philippines enacted legislation that obliges employers to share in the administration of maternity benefits.

Poland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1974

✔

Poland increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Poland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1976

✔

Poland prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Poland

High income: OECD

Pension

1976

Poland set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Poland

High income: OECD

Pension

1984

Poland set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Poland

High income: OECD

Marriage

1999

✔

Poland enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Poland

High income: OECD

Pension

2000

✔

Poland no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Poland

High income: OECD

Pay

2009

✔

Poland mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Poland

High income: OECD

Workplace

2010

✔

Poland enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Poland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2011

✔

Poland introduced paid paternity leave.

Poland

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2012

✔

Poland's Equal Treatment Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Poland

High income: OECD

Workplace

2012

✔

Poland prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Poland

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2014

✔

Poland introduced paid parental leave.

Poland

High income: OECD

Pension

2014

Poland set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Poland

High income: OECD

Pay

2018

✔

Poland allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also removed all restrictions on women's employment.

Poland

High income: OECD

Pension

2018

✔

Poland no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Assets

1979

✔

Portugal granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1979

✔

Portugal amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Marriage

1979

✔

Portugal enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Mobility

1979

✔

Portugal reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Workplace

1979

✔

Portugal allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Pay

1981

✔

Portugal mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Mobility

1990

✔

Portugal introduced new legislation which no longer establishes differences in the application procedures for a married woman when applying for a passport.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Pension

1995

✔

Portugal explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Marriage

1996

✔

Portugal allowed women to be head of household.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1997

✔

Portugal increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2001

✔

Portugal introduced paid paternity leave.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Pay

2005

✔

Portugal removed restrictionson women's employment in industrial undertakings.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Workplace

2005

✔

Portugal enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Workplace

2006

✔

Portugal prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2009

✔

Portugal introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2010

✔

Portugal introduced paid parental leave.

Portugal

High income: OECD

Marriage

2021

✔

Portugal gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Puerto Rico (U.S.)

Latin America & Caribbean

Entrepreneurship

1976

✔

Puerto Rico's Equal Credit Opportunity Act made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Puerto Rico (U.S.)

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1978

✔

Puerto Rico made both spouses administrators of marital property, granting them equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Puerto Rico (U.S.)

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1978

✔

Puerto Rico enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Puerto Rico (U.S.)

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1978

✔

Puerto Rico reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Puerto Rico (U.S.)

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

1989

✔

Puerto Rico enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Puerto Rico (U.S.)

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1991

✔

Puerto Rico no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Puerto Rico (U.S.)

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2021

✔

Puerto Rico, U.S., gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Qatar

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2006

Qatar prohibited women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Qatar

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2008

✔

Qatar introduced new legal amendments which no longer requires a married woman her guardian's consent when applying for a passport.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1973

✔

Romania prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1974

Romania set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2001

✔

Romania introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2003

✔

Romania mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2003

✔

Romania enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2004

✔

Romania enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2004

✔

Romania prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2008

✔

Romania's new legal amendments made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Russian Federation

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1972

The Russian Federation set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Russian Federation

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1973

✔

The Russian Federation prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Russian Federation

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1973

✔

The Russian Federation prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Russian Federation

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1992

✔

The Russian Federation explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Russian Federation

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1993

✔

The Russian Federation no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Russian Federation

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

1997

✔

The Russian Federation introduced paid parental leave.

Russian Federation

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2000

✔

The Russian Federation lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Russian Federation

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2003

✔

The Russian Federation mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1981

✔

Rwanda lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2001

✔

Rwanda reformed its Civil Code, granting spouses equal rights to immovable property and equalizing inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2003

✔

Rwanda allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also eliminated the ban on women's employment in industrial undertakings at night.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2003

✔

Rwanda prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2004

✔

Rwanda introduced paid paternity leave.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2010

✔

Rwanda enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2010

✔

Rwanda enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2018

✔

Rwanda allowed women to be head of household.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2018

✔

Rwanda introduced new legislation allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2021

✔

Rwanda gave women the same rights to remarry as men.

Samoa

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1973

✔

Samoa introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Samoa

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

2011

✔

Samoa recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions, including unpaid work caring for family members.

Samoa

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2014

✔

Samoa enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Samoa

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2014

✔

Samoa prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Samoa

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

2014

✔

Samoa lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Samoa

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2014

✔

Samoa prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

San Marino

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1982

✔

San Marino prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

San Marino

Europe & Central Asia

Assets

1987

✔

San Marino recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

San Marino

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

1987

✔

San Marino enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

San Marino

Europe & Central Asia

Mobility

1987

✔

San Marino reformed its Family Law removing restriction for a married woman to choose where to live and leave the marital home without her husband's permission.

San Marino

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

1987

✔

San Marino allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

San Marino

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2009

✔

San Marino allowed women to be head of household. San Marino legalized divorce, allowing women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1977

✔

São Tomé and Príncipe enacted new legislation which no longer establishes differences in the application procedures for a married woman when applying for a passport.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1979

✔

São Tomé and Príncipe granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1979

✔

São Tomé and Príncipe enacted a new Family Law allowing a woman to sign a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1979

✔

São Tomé and Príncipe enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1979

✔

São Tomé and Príncipe introduced a Family Law allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1979

✔

São Tomé and Príncipe allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1980

✔

São Tomé and Príncipe introduced a social security system that administers maternity benefits.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1981

✔

São Tomé and Príncipe introduced an old-age pension system that does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1993

✔

São Tomé and Príncipe prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2010

✔

São Tomé and Príncipe allowed women to be head of household.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2014

✔

São Tomé and Príncipe enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2016

✔

São Tomé and Príncipe equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2020

✔

São Tomé and Príncipe prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2020

✔

São Tomé and Príncipe lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night, in mining and in jobs deemed dangerous.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2007

✔

Saudi Arabia introduced paid paternity leave.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2012

✔

Saudi Arabia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2015

✔

Saudi Arabia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2019

✔

Saudi Arabia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Entrepreneurship

2020

✔

Saudi Arabia made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Marriage

2020

✔

Saudi Arabia began allowing women to be head of household and removed the legal obligation for a married woman to obey her husband.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Mobility

2020

✔

Saudi Arabia improved women’s mobility by removing restrictions on obtaining a passport and traveling abroad. New legal amendments also equalized a woman’s right to choose where to live and leave the marital home.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Parenthood

2020

✔

Saudi Arabia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Pension

2020

✔

Saudi Arabia equalized the age (60 years) at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also mandated a retirement age of 60 years for both women and men.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Workplace

2020

✔

Saudi Arabia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Saudi Arabia

Middle East & North Africa

Pay

2021

✔

Saudi Arabia eliminated all restrictions on women's employment.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1974

✔

Senegal allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1979

✔

Senegal introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1982

✔

Senegal increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks. It also began administering maternity benefits through its social security system.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1984

✔

Senegal introduced paid paternity leave.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1991

✔

Senegal explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2000

✔

Senegal enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2000

✔

Senegal enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Senegal

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2021

✔

Senegal prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

1998

✔

Serbia equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Parenthood

2003

✔

Serbia introduced paid paternity leave. It also introduced paid parental leave.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2003

✔

Serbia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2004

✔

Serbia no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Workplace

2006

✔

Serbia enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Marriage

2007

✔

Serbia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Pay

2010

✔

Serbia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Entrepreneurship

2011

✔

Serbia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Serbia

Europe & Central Asia

Pension

2016

Serbia set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1972

✔

Seychelles enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1972

✔

The Seychelles introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1977

✔

Seychelles introduced a Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1995

✔

The Seychelles increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1996

✔

The Seychelles prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1996

✔

The Seychelles prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2001

✔

Seychelles allowed women to be head of household.

Seychelles

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2017

✔

The Seychelles introduced paid paternity leave.

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2003

✔

Sierra Leone introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It also sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2009

✔

Sierra Leone equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2009

✔

Sierra Leone enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2010

✔

Sierra Leone granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2010

✔

Sierra Leone introduced the Registration of Customary Marriage and Divorce Act llowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2010

✔

Sierra Leone allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Sierra Leone

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2021

✔

Sierra Leone adopted legislation on sexual harassment in employment.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Assets

1987

✔

Singapore amended the Women's Charter to explicitly recognize the value of nonmonetary contributions.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

1988

✔

Singapore enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

1990

✔

Singapore lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Pay

1997

✔

Singapore eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2010

✔

Singapore increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Parenthood

2015

✔

Singapore introduced paid parental leave. It also introduced paid paternity leave.

Singapore

East Asia & Pacific

Workplace

2016

✔

Singapore enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1991

✔

The Slovak Republic introduced paid parental leave.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1994

✔

The Slovak Republic prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Pension

2003

The Slovak Republic set unequal mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Workplace

2003

✔

The Slovak Republic prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2005

✔

Slovak Republic introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Pay

2005

✔

Slovak Republic eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining. It also lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Pension

2005

✔

Slovak Republic no longer establishes an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Marriage

2007

✔

Slovak Republic enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Pension

2009

Slovak Republic set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Workplace

2009

✔

Slovak Republic enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Pension

2011

✔

Slovak Republic equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also equalized the mandatory retirement ages for women and men.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Pay

2012

✔

Slovak Republic allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men.

Slovak Republic

High income: OECD

Pension

2021

Slovak Republic established unequal ages for men and women to retire with full and partial pension benefits. The mandatory retirement age for men and women is also now unequal.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2003

✔

Slovenia introduced paid parental leave.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Pay

2003

✔

Slovenia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Pension

2003

✔

Slovenia no longer establishes a mandatory retirement age for women and men.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Workplace

2003

✔

Slovenia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Parenthood

2005

✔

Slovenia introduced paid paternity leave.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2006

✔

Slovenia introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Marriage

2009

✔

Slovenia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Pension

2019

✔

Slovenia equalized the age (60 years) at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Slovenia

High income: OECD

Pension

2021

✔

Slovenia equalized the ages (65 years) at which men and women can retire with full pension benefits.

Solomon Islands

East Asia & Pacific

Pension

1974

✔

Solomon Islands introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

Solomon Islands

East Asia & Pacific

Marriage

2016

✔

Solomon Islands enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Somalia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1974

✔

Somalia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers. It also increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Somalia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1974

✔

Somalia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Somalia

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1974

✔

Somalia prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1984

✔

South Africa lifted restrictions on women's ability to work at night.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1986

✔

South Africa granted spouses equal administrative authority over assets during marriage and recognized the value of nonmonetary contributions.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1988

✔

South Africa's Intestate Succession Act equalized inheritance rights for both sons and daughters and male and female surviving spouses.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

1993

✔

South Africa enacted the Domicile Act allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

1995

✔

South Africa granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

1995

✔

South Africa enacted the General Law Fourth Amendment abolishing the Legal Capacity of Married Persons Act abolishing the marital power provision to allow a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husband's consent.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

1995

✔

South Africa enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

1995

✔

South Africa allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1997

✔

South Africa prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

1997

✔

South Africa eliminated the ban on women's employment in mining.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1999

✔

South Africa introduced paid paternity leave.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2000

✔

South Africa prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Entrepreneurship

2001

✔

South Africa introduced new legislation that makes access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Marriage

2001

✔

South Africa allowed women to be head of household.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2003

✔

South Africa increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2013

✔

South Africa enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2015

✔

South Africa mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

South Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2015

✔

South Africa enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

1991

✔

South Sudan introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

1998

✔

South Sudan prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2009

✔

South Sudan equalized the ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assets

2010

✔

South Sudan equalized inheritance rights for sons and daughters.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2010

✔

South Sudan enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Mobility

2013

✔

South Sudan introduced a new Passport and Immigration Act which no longer establishes differences in the application procedures for a married woman when applying for a passport.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pension

2014

South Sudan set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It set unequal ages at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits. It also no longer explicitly accounts for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Parenthood

2019

✔

South Sudan introduced 10 days of paid paternity leave.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Pay

2019

✔

South Sudan lifted restrictions on women’s ability to work at night, underground, underwater and in jobs deemed dangerous. It also mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

South Sudan

Sub-Saharan Africa

Workplace

2019

✔

South Sudan prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Spain

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

1976

✔

Spain amended its Civil Code allowing a woman to sing a legally binding contract, register a business and open a bank account without her husban's consent.

Spain

High income: OECD

Marriage

1976

✔

Spain enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

Spain

High income: OECD

Pension

1976

✔

Spain explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

Spain

High income: OECD

Workplace

1976

✔

Spain allowed a woman to get a job without permission from her husband.

Spain

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1977

✔

Spain increased the duration of paid maternity leave to at least 14 weeks.

Spain

High income: OECD

Mobility

1979

✔

Spain enacted new passport law which no longer requires a married woman her husband's consent when applying for a passport.

Spain

High income: OECD

Workplace

1981

✔

Spain prohibited gender discrimination in employment.

Spain

High income: OECD

Assets

1983

✔

Spain granted spouses equal rights to immovable property and equal administrative authority over assets during marriage.

Spain

High income: OECD

Marriage

1983

✔

Spain no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

Spain

High income: OECD

Mobility

1983

✔

Spain reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

Spain

High income: OECD

Pay

1995

✔

Spain mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Spain

High income: OECD

Parenthood

1996

✔

Spain prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

Spain

High income: OECD

Marriage

1997

✔

Spain legalized divorce, equally granting the right to both spouses. There is no waiting period before remarriage for either spouse.

Spain

High income: OECD

Pay

1997

✔

Spain allowed women to work in jobs deemed dangerous in the same way as men. It also removed restrictions on women's employment in industrial undertakings.

Spain

High income: OECD

Workplace

1997

✔

Spain enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment.

Spain

High income: OECD

Entrepreneurship

2008

✔

Spain's Equality of Women and Men Law made access to credit easier for women by prohibiting gender-based discrimination in financial services.

Sri Lanka

South Asia

Workplace

1997

✔

Sri Lanka enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It adopted criminal penalties for sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

Sri Lanka

South Asia

Marriage

2007

✔

Sri Lanka enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

St. Kitts and Nevis

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1974

✔

St. Kitts and Nevis enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

St. Kitts and Nevis

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1979

✔

St. Kitts and Nevis explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

St. Kitts and Nevis

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1980

✔

St. Kitts and Nevis began administering maternity benefits through its social insurance system.

St. Kitts and Nevis

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1988

✔

St. Kitts and Nevis prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

St. Kitts and Nevis

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

2001

✔

St. Kitts and Nevis allowed women to obtain a divorce in the same way as men.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

1972

✔

St. Lucia introduced an old-age pension system that sets equal ages at which women and men can retire with full pension benefits. It does not establish an age at which women and men can retire with partial pension benefits.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

1981

✔

St. Lucia introduced a social security system that provides maternity benefits.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Assets

1990

✔

St. Lucia granted spouses equal rights to immovable property.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1991

✔

St. Lucia enacted legislation protecting women from domestic violence.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Mobility

1991

✔

St. Lucia reformed its Civil Code allowing a woman to choose where to live in the same way as a man.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Marriage

1996

✔

St. Lucia no longer requires a married woman to obey her husband.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Parenthood

2001

✔

St. Lucia prohibited the dismissal of pregnant workers.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pension

2001

✔

St. Lucia explicitly accounted for periods of absence due to child care in pension benefits.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Workplace

2001

✔

St. Lucia prohibited gender discrimination in employment. It enacted legislation protecting women from sexual harassment in employment. It also enacted civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment.

St. Lucia

Latin America & Caribbean

Pay

2008

✔

St. Lucia mandated equal remuneration for work of equal value.